黄河源区土壤温湿变化及相关气候要素分析
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- 英文论文题名：The analysis of soil temperature and moisture variation and associated climate factors in the source region of the Yellow River
- 论文作者：陈金雷 ; 文军 ; 刘蓉 ; 田辉 ; 贾东于 ; 王作亮 ; 罗琪 ; 谢琰
- 英文论文作者：CHEN Jin-lei ; WEN Jun ; LIU Rong ; TIAN Hui ; JIA Dong-yu ; WANG Zuo-liang ; LUO Qi ; XIE Yan ; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions ; Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
- 论文关键词：黄河源区 ; 土壤温度 ; 土壤湿度 ; 气候突变 ; CLM4.5
- 英文论文关键词：SRYR ; soil temperature ; soil moisture ; abrupt change of climate ; CLM4 ; 5
- 会议召开时间：2016-11-01
- 会议录名称：第33届中国气象学会年会 S3 青藏高原与复杂山地天气气候
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S152.71;P467
- 学会代码：ZGQX
- 会议名称：第33届中国气象学会年会
- 会议地点：中国陕西西安
- 主办单位：中国气象学会
- 学会名称：中国气象学会
- 页数：12
- 文件大小：1978k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
黄河源区位于青藏高原东北部,是黄河重要的水源涵养区,其土壤温湿度变化及相关气候效应对于黄河径流衰涨和青藏高原研究具有非常重要的意义。本文利用中科院寒旱所玛曲土壤温湿度观测网数据验证了三套常用土壤温湿度再分析资料—ERA-Interim、CFSR(NCEP Climate Forcast System Reanalysis)和JRA-55(JMA Japanese 55-year Reanalysis)在黄河源区的适用性,结合玛曲气象站观测资料进一步分析了35a来黄河源气候变迁和近年土壤温湿度变化,最后利用再分析资料与通用陆面模式CLM4.5(Community Land Model4.5)分析土壤温湿度空间分布,同时检验CLM4.5在青藏高原地区的模拟性能。主要结果如下:(1)CFSR能够更好地描绘黄河源区土壤湿度变化,而ERA-Interim对于土壤温度的变化刻画能力更强,JRA-55无法描绘黄河源区土壤温湿度变化。(2)35a来黄河源区气温总体呈上升趋势,与全球气候变暖的背景相吻合,气温上升主要发生在20世纪末期至今;降水量总体变化不大,稍有增加;土壤温度对于气候变化具有指示作用,但对全球变暖的响应强度没有气温显著;土壤湿度呈上升趋势,土壤冷季冻结周期变短,暖季持续时间拉长。(3)35a来黄河源区气温、土壤温湿度均发生突变,降水未发生突变。气温突变始于1997-2000年间,2000年后上升趋势显著;降水在1987-2004年间呈下降趋势,2005年至今稍有增加;土壤温度在1985-1986年期间发生突变,1994年后上升趋势显著,突变时间较气温提前,对气候变暖更加敏感;土壤湿度于2002年左右发生一次上升突变。(4)近年来黄河源区冷季、暖季以及季风季10cm深度土壤温湿度有暖干化趋势。(5)黄河源区两湖及黄河周边暖季为冷湿中心,冷季为暖干中心。CLM4.5模拟精度高,能够较好刻画黄河源区土壤温湿度变化细节,效果优于再分析资料,总体上能够较好地描述土壤温湿度变化,但是与实际观测仍然存在差距。
The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR), which located in the northeast of Tibetan Plateau, is crucial water conservation area of Yellow River. The variation of soil moisture and temperature and associated climate effects have important implications to the change of Yellow River runoff and the study to the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, three kinds of frequently used reanalysis datasets, ERA-Interim, CFSR(NCEP Climate Forcast System Reanalysis), and JRA-55(JMA Japanese 55-year Reanalysis) are tested by using the field observation data of Maqu soil temperature and moisture observation network of the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAEERI/CAS) so as to find the optimal one for the SRYR. Combining with the observation data of Maqu meteorological station, the climate changes in nearly 35 a and the temporal variation of soil moisture and temperature in recent years of SRYR are analyzed. In addition, The spatial variation of soil moisture and temperature are depicted by using the reanalysis datasets and CLM4.5(Community Land Model 4.5), meanwhile, the simulating performance of CLM4.5 in Tibetan Plateau be verified. The main results are as follows:(1) CFSR is the best dataset to depict the soil moisture variation, but ERA-Interim is better on soil temperature. JRA-55 is unsuited to be used in SRYR.(2)The temperature, which consistent with the global warming, is increasing in nearly 35 a, and mainly occured since the late 20 th century. Precipitation edged up moderately. Soil temperature has an indication to the climate change, but its response is less significant than temperature. Soil moisture has an increasing trend, because of the freezing time is shorten and melting time is extended.(3) Temperature, soil moisture, and soil temperature, except for precipitation, have abruptions in last 35 years. Temperature started during 1997-2000, after which it showed significant upward trend. Precipitation decreased from 1987 to 2004 and increased since 2005,. Soil temperature took place during 1985-1986, and beyond the belief line after 1994 with prominent rising. It means that soil temperature is more sensitive than temperature to climate warming. Soil moisture has an upward abruption in 2002.(4) The soil temperature and soil moisture in 10 cm depth became warm and dry recent years, either in cold season or warm season, and monsoon season.(5) The surrounding area of two lakes and Yellow River is cold and wet center in warm season, and it turns into warm and dry center in cold season. CLM4.5 has high simulation accuracy, and capable of describing the detail changes of soil moisture and soil tmperature in SRYR. All in all, it is better than reanalysis dataset in simulating the spatial variation of soil moisture and soil temperature, but there still have a long way to go compared with the observation data.
The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR), which located in the northeast of Tibetan Plateau, is crucial water conservation area of Yellow River. The variation of soil moisture and temperature and associated climate effects have important implications to the change of Yellow River runoff and the study to the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, three kinds of frequently used reanalysis datasets, ERA-Interim, CFSR(NCEP Climate Forcast System Reanalysis), and JRA-55(JMA Japanese 55-year Reanalysis) are tested by using the field observation data of Maqu soil temperature and moisture observation network of the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAEERI/CAS) so as to find the optimal one for the SRYR. Combining with the observation data of Maqu meteorological station, the climate changes in nearly 35 a and the temporal variation of soil moisture and temperature in recent years of SRYR are analyzed. In addition, The spatial variation of soil moisture and temperature are depicted by using the reanalysis datasets and CLM4.5(Community Land Model 4.5), meanwhile, the simulating performance of CLM4.5 in Tibetan Plateau be verified. The main results are as follows:(1) CFSR is the best dataset to depict the soil moisture variation, but ERA-Interim is better on soil temperature. JRA-55 is unsuited to be used in SRYR.(2)The temperature, which consistent with the global warming, is increasing in nearly 35 a, and mainly occured since the late 20 th century. Precipitation edged up moderately. Soil temperature has an indication to the climate change, but its response is less significant than temperature. Soil moisture has an increasing trend, because of the freezing time is shorten and melting time is extended.(3) Temperature, soil moisture, and soil temperature, except for precipitation, have abruptions in last 35 years. Temperature started during 1997-2000, after which it showed significant upward trend. Precipitation decreased from 1987 to 2004 and increased since 2005,. Soil temperature took place during 1985-1986, and beyond the belief line after 1994 with prominent rising. It means that soil temperature is more sensitive than temperature to climate warming. Soil moisture has an upward abruption in 2002.(4) The soil temperature and soil moisture in 10 cm depth became warm and dry recent years, either in cold season or warm season, and monsoon season.(5) The surrounding area of two lakes and Yellow River is cold and wet center in warm season, and it turns into warm and dry center in cold season. CLM4.5 has high simulation accuracy, and capable of describing the detail changes of soil moisture and soil tmperature in SRYR. All in all, it is better than reanalysis dataset in simulating the spatial variation of soil moisture and soil temperature, but there still have a long way to go compared with the observation data.
引文
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[19].唐恬,王磊,文小航.黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征研究[J].冰川冻土.2013(06):1462-73.
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[23].蓝永超,沈永平,李州英,刘进琪,马建华.气候变化对黄河河源区水资源系统的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境.2006,20(6):57-62.
[24].宋翔,颜长珍,朱艳玲,段翰晨.黄河源区土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应[J].中国沙漠.2009,29(6):1049-55.
[25].田辉,文军,史小康,王欣,刘蓉,张静辉,et al.主动微波遥感黄河上游玛曲地区夏季土壤水分[J].水科学进展.2011,22(1):59-66.
[26].Chen J,Wen J,Tian H.Representativeness of the ground observational sites and up-scaling of the point soil moisture measurements[J].Journal of Hydrology.2016,533:62-73.
[27].李建,宇如聪,陈昊明,原韦华.对三套再分析资料中国大陆地区夏季降水量的评估分析[J].气象.2010(12):1-9.
[28].Sneyers R.On the statistical analysis of series of observations1991.
[29].符淙斌,王强.气候突变的定义和检测方法[J].大气科学.1992,16(4):482-93.
[30].郭彦,侯素珍,林秀芝.近51年西柳沟流域水沙变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境.2014,10:030.
[31].凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术:气象出版社;2007.
[32].李万寿,冯玲,孙胜利.扎陵湖、鄂陵湖对黄河源头年径流的影响[J].地理学报.2001(01):75-82.
[2].王介民.陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究——从HEIFE到IMGRASS和GAME-Tibet/TIPEX[J].高原气象.1999(03):280-94.
[3].马耀明,姚檀栋,王介民.青藏高原能量和水循环试验研究——GAME/Tibet与CAMP/Tibet研究进展[J].高原气象.2006(02):344-51.
[4].吕达仁,陈佐忠,陈家宜,王庚辰,季劲钧,陈洪滨,et al.内蒙古半干旱草原土壤-植被-大气相互作用综合研究[J].气象学报.2005(05):571-93.
[5].Shukla J,Mintz Y.Influence of land-surface evapotranspiration on the earth's climate[J].Science.1982,215(4539):1498-501.
[6].Chahine MT.The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate[J].Nature.1992,359(6394):373-80.
[7].马柱国,魏和林,符淙斌.中国东部区域土壤湿度的变化及其与气候变率的关系[J].气象学报.2000(03):278-87.
[8].Wen J,Su Z,Ma Y.Determination of land surface temperature and soil moisture from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Microwave Imager remote sensing data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres.2003,108(D2).
[9].涂钢,刘辉志,董文杰.东北半干旱区退化草地土壤温度的日、季变化特征[J].高原气象.2008(04):741-8.
[10].Yeh T,Wetherald R,Manabe S.The effect of soil moisture on the short-term climate and hydrology change-A numerical experiment[J].Monthly Weather Review.1984,112(3):474-90.
[11].Koster RD,Suarez MJ,Ducharne A,Stieglitz M,Kumar P.A Catchment-Based Approach to Modeling Land Surface Processes in a GCM.Part 1;Model Structure[J].2000.
[12].Zhang Y,Chen W,Smith SL,Riseborough DW,Cihlar J.Soil temperature in Canada during the twentieth century:Complex responses to atmospheric climate change[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres.2005,110(D3).
[13].陆晓波,徐海明,孙丞虎,何金海.中国近50 a地温的变化特征[J].南京气象学院学报.2006(05):706-12.
[14].张文纲,李述训,庞强强.近45年青藏高原土壤温度的变化特征分析[J].地理学报.2008(11):1151-9.
[15].程善俊,管晓丹,黄建平,季明霞.利用GLDAS资料分析黄土高原半干旱区土壤湿度对气候变化的响应[J].干旱气象.2013(04):641-9.
[16].汤懋苍,张建,王敬香,杨良.我国季平均的0.8m地温距平场与后一季降水场的相关分析[J].气象学报.1988(04):481-5.
[17].南都国,赵良奇,王法清.三江平原潜育土土温与气温的变化规律及其滞后现象的量化研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.1995(01):42-5.
[18].张文君,周天军,智海.土壤湿度影响中国夏季气候的数值试验[J].气象学报.2012(01):78-90.
[19].唐恬,王磊,文小航.黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征研究[J].冰川冻土.2013(06):1462-73.
[20].马耀明,胡泽勇,田立德,张凡,段安民,阳坤,et al.青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展.2014(02):207-15.
[21].笃正.青藏高原气象学:科学出版社;1979.
[22].吴国雄,李伟平,郭华,叶笃正.青藏高原感热气泵和亚洲夏季风[J].赵九章纪念文集北京:科学出版社.1997:116-26.
[23].蓝永超,沈永平,李州英,刘进琪,马建华.气候变化对黄河河源区水资源系统的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境.2006,20(6):57-62.
[24].宋翔,颜长珍,朱艳玲,段翰晨.黄河源区土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应[J].中国沙漠.2009,29(6):1049-55.
[25].田辉,文军,史小康,王欣,刘蓉,张静辉,et al.主动微波遥感黄河上游玛曲地区夏季土壤水分[J].水科学进展.2011,22(1):59-66.
[26].Chen J,Wen J,Tian H.Representativeness of the ground observational sites and up-scaling of the point soil moisture measurements[J].Journal of Hydrology.2016,533:62-73.
[27].李建,宇如聪,陈昊明,原韦华.对三套再分析资料中国大陆地区夏季降水量的评估分析[J].气象.2010(12):1-9.
[28].Sneyers R.On the statistical analysis of series of observations1991.
[29].符淙斌,王强.气候突变的定义和检测方法[J].大气科学.1992,16(4):482-93.
[30].郭彦,侯素珍,林秀芝.近51年西柳沟流域水沙变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境.2014,10:030.
[31].凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术:气象出版社;2007.
[32].李万寿,冯玲,孙胜利.扎陵湖、鄂陵湖对黄河源头年径流的影响[J].地理学报.2001(01):75-82.
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