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虫草类真菌的进化生物学研究
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摘要
作为生物学的一个分支学科,进化生物学(Evolutionary Biology)关注的是生物进化过程和生物多样性。近年来,我们以虫草类真菌为主要研究对象,系统开展了真菌群体遗传与进化、线粒体基因组学、真菌群落及微生物组等方面的研究,得到以下研究结果:1.通过多基因序列分析,发现藏南地区是冬虫夏草菌的起源中心,并进一步发现冬虫夏草菌与寄主昆虫间存在复杂的进化关系。该研究结果对通过划定自然保护区有效地保护冬虫夏草野生资源,以及对指导冬虫夏草人工栽培具有重要的参考价值。同时,该工作对开展其它非模式生物的群体遗传学研究,以及研究其它真菌——宿主体系中双方的互作关系具有借鉴意义。详见参考文献1、7、9、10、12、13、16-20。2.结合经典的分离培养方法和免培养的分子生物学方法,发现天然冬虫夏草群落中具有丰富的、值得开发的真菌资源。该研究结果增加了对冬虫夏草群落中真菌多样性的认识,丰富了我国的药用真菌资源,而且对冬虫夏草的人工规模化培育和深度开发具有重要意义。相关研究见参考文献8、14、15、22和23。3.通过比较线粒体基因组学分析,发现蛹虫草在线粒体DNA上具有明显的遗传分化,不同菌株表现出线粒体内含子的插入缺失多样性,筛选到适于遗传多样性研究的线粒体DNA片段。该工作不但揭示了蛹虫草在线粒体DNA上较高的遗传分化,而且将极大促进蛹虫草群体遗传结构、线粒体遗传机制等研究工作的开展。详见参考文献6、11和21。4.首次报道Hirsutellaminnesotensis、Hirsutellarhossiliensis、Pseudogymnoascuspannorum等真菌的线粒体基因组序列,并且发现利用线粒体全基因组序列构建的系统发育关系与传统的基于细胞核多基因片段构建的系统发育关系基本一致。该工作不但丰富了真菌线粒体基因组数据,而且有助于阐明一些疑难物种的进化和系统发育关系。详见参考文献3-5。5.通过高通量测序发现普洱生茶、普洱熟茶和新鲜茶树叶片具有显著不同的微生物群落结构,贮藏年份是影响普洱茶微生物群落结构的主要因素。通过质谱分析,在普洱茶中检测到多种毒素成分。该工作较好地解释了微生物在普洱茶形成过程中的作用,而且对于指导普洱茶安全饮用具有重要意义。详见参考文献2。
引文
Zhang Y.J.,Hou J.X.,Zhang S.,Hausner G.,Liu X.Z.,Li W.J.The intronicminisatellite Os Min1 within a serine protease gene in the Chinese caterpillar fungus Ophiocordycepssinensis.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(8):3599-3610.
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