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手性纳米组装结构及光学效应
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摘要
核酸碱基配对法则使得DNA成为构建各种三维纳米组装结构的通用试剂。我们通过设计核酸序列,以金棒和上转换纳米粒子为组装元件,构建了"螺旋桨"样组装体(图1)。通过调制组装基元的尺寸和间隙,获得了较强的等离子手性响应。当粒子间核酸序列较短(11bp,约3nm)时,组装基元间的耦合较强,此外,手性光谱峰位置和强度与组装基元金棒的长径比密切相关。随着金棒长径比增大(2.6到3.7),手性光谱峰发生了红移和增强,等离子手性信号出现在685-798nm,最高值达到80.9mdeg,各向异性系数达到2.1×10~(–2)。同时,上转换粒子的发光与组装基元间的间隙息息相关。金棒和上转换粒子间核酸序列长度在18bp以内时,发光性能被淬灭;序列在30bp(约10nm)时,上转换粒子(20nm)的发光性能得到显著增强,尤其是662nm处的发光信号得到了21.3倍的增强。此外,我们改变了上转换纳米粒子的尺度为35nm,662nm处发光信号增强倍数为16,小于20nm尺度下的组装结构发光信号强度。上述结果表明金棒表面等离激元手性杂化的局域电场模式提升了上转换纳米粒子的发光效率,激子-表面等离激元电磁相互作用是产生组装体等离子手性镜像不对称效应的根本原因。我们利用甲型肝炎病毒Vall7的特异性基因片段,形成发卡结构,构建"螺旋桨"组装体,利用反应前后引起的上转换发光信号和等离子手性信号的信号变化对目标病毒核酸进行检测分析:上转换发光信号检测灵敏度为20.3埃摩尔/升。等离子手性检测灵敏度低至13.2埃摩尔/升。多功能的生物传感器件研制是纳米构筑的重要方向。结合核酸的识别性和组装基元的光、电、磁学性质,通过等离激元共振、波导共振等信号放大效应,使得对复杂体系中的痕量成分探测成为可能,这为生命科学、疾病诊疗的发展提供了基本工具。
In this study, we demonstrate that propeller-like nanoscale assemblies can also be produced with exceptionally intense chiroptical activity and strong luminescence, using gold nanorods and upconversion nanoparticles via DNA self-assembly. By adjusting the sizes of building blocks, the circular dichroism intensity of the tetramer reached 80.9 mdeg, and the g-factor value was 2.1×10~(–2). And the enhancement factor of upconversion luminescence was as high as 21.3 in aqueous phase, which was mainly attributed to the localized electric field enhancement of NRs in the tetramers. Moreover, the optically active tetramers can be used for the bioanalysis of oligonucleotide targets with limits of detection of 13.2 a M. The developed attomolar biosensor may play a significant role in cancer biomarker analysis for early disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
引文
[1]Wu,X.;Xu,L.;Ma,W.;Liu,L.;Kuang,H.;Kotov,N.A;Xu,C.,Adv.Mater.,2016(just accept)
    [2]Sun,M.;Xu,L.;Ma,W.;Wu,X.;Kuang,H.;Wang,L.;Xu,C.,Adv.Mater.,2016,28,898-904

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