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父母严厉管教与儿童发展:追踪研究
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摘要
父母严厉管教是中国文化背景下普遍存在的一种管教行为。当前国内外研究者针对父母严厉管教的发生特点及其与儿童发展的短期关系进行了一系列深入细致的考察。然而,发展情境论指出,在个体发展的过程中,随着时间的推移,个体与情境间的相互影响会发生变化。基于此,我们推测:父母严厉管教会随着儿童年龄的增长表现一定的变化,而且父母严厉管教与儿童发展之间的关系也会随着时间的推移而发生变化。对上述问题的探讨,对于理解父母严厉管教的发生、变化机制及其对儿童发展的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。本组专题报告由4个报告组成,探讨了父母严厉管教的变化趋势及与儿童发展的长期关系。报告一考察了父母体罚的发生及随儿童年龄增长的变化趋势,并在此基础上进一步深入探讨了影响父母体罚发生的初始水平及变化趋势的相关因素。报告二采用连续5年的追踪研究,探讨了父母严厉管教与儿童发展的循环性双向关系。报告三探讨了父母体罚的代际传递问题,并初步探索了父母体罚代际传递的作用机制。报告四考察了学业领域的母亲严厉管教(母亲学业控制)对儿童学业和情绪适应的长期影响。
Parental harsh discipline is prevalent in Chinese societies. To date, considerable research on parental corporal punishment has explored either on its occurrence or its short-term effects on child development; little is known about how parental discipline changes and whether the relationship between parental harsh discipline and child development changes during childhood and adolescence. However, within the framework of Lerner's developmental contextualism perspective, relationships between individuals and the multiple contexts within which they live(e.g., families, schools, and communities) may change over time. According to this perspective, we speculated that parental harsh discipline and the long-term relationships between parental harsh discipline and child development may change with child age. Four longitudinal studies were designed to investigate these issues. Specifically, the aim of the first current study was to examine the occurrence and developmental changes in parental corporal punishment during childhood and adolescence and further explore the effects of three time-invariant variables(parental education, parental disciplinary history and child temperament) and one time-variant variable(parental marital satisfaction) on the changes of parental corporal punishment. The second study was to examine the reciprocal relationships between parental harsh discipline and children's externalizing problem behavior across 5 years and the moderating effects of child gender. The third study was to explore the intergenerational transmission of the corporal punishment and the moderating effects of preschoolers' temperament. Finally, the fourth study was designed to examine the longitudinal associations between mothers' academic control and children's academic and emotional adjustment.
引文

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