流动儿童的心理弹性研究

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• 英文论文题名：Resilience of migrant children in China
• 论文作者：王利刚 ; 高文斌
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：中国科学院心理研究所;
• 论文关键词：留守儿童 ; 流动儿童 ; 心理弹性 ; 发展适应 ; 神经活性
• 英文论文关键词：migrant children ; resilience ; development adaptation ; neural activity
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B844.1
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：2
• 文件大小：856k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

本研究围绕我国城镇化过程中流动儿童的发展适应问题展开,研究流动儿童心理弹性特征及其神经行为基础,探索心理弹性神经行为水平的评估方法,研发适用于流动留守儿童个体和群体的评估工具与系统,为进一步开展心理教育与健康促进工作提供理论与技术支撑。课题主要包括两个研究:研究一重点探索流动儿童心理弹性特征规律,及其对其心理行为问题的影响机制,同时构建样本数据库,并筛选高/低心理弹性流动儿童被试;研究二为重点研究心理弹性的神经行为基础,并制定个体及群体评估方案及参考模型。研究一采用整群抽样,对石家庄市两所初中、三所小学的部分班级进行调查。纳入调查的班级五年级、七年级和八年级各10个班,共收集有效数据1510份。调查工具包括亲社交回避问卷、生活适应问卷、复原力问卷及人口学问卷。研究二采用组间实验设计,基于研究一的数据,我们以家庭收入状况、是否流动儿童及生活适应状况三个变量提取出四类儿童:高心理弹性组(逆境‐发展良好),高能力组(顺境‐发展良好),低心理弹性组(逆境‐发展较差),脆性发展组(顺境‐发展较差),共有177人符合入组标准,之后由班主任教师对符合标准的学生进行他评,综合教师的评价,最终确定120个学生参与研究二的认知行为及电生理测评。研究一结果发现,相对于城市儿童(n=322),流动儿童(n=1188)在复原力的内部保护因素(β=‐1.028,p=0.005)和外部保护因素(β=‐2.450,p=0.003)都较差,流动儿童的社交回避得分更高(β=1.245,p=0.024)。生活适应方面,流动儿童的学习自主(β=‐0.763,p=0.011)较差,而他们的环境满意、活动参与、生活独立得分与城市儿童没有显著差异。研究二发现高心理弹性组在静息状态下,HRV高频功率显著大于其他三组,说明其迷走神经功能较强,在应激任务状态下,高心理弹性组的高频与低频比例最高,说明其迷走神经与交感神经的平衡性最佳。
The current study centers the development adaptation of migrant children in the urbanization process of our country, and aims to study the resilience characteristics and its neural behavior basis of left-behind children and migrant children. Specifically, we try to investigate the key factors of good resilience, design assessments of resilience from the perspective of neural-behavioral level, and research and develop assessment tools and systems which are suitable for left-behind children and migrant children, which providing theory and technique support for psychological education and health promotion. The pre-research project mainly includes the following two studies: study 1 focuses on the characteristics and rules of resilience of left-behind children and migrant children and its effect on psychological and behavioral problems. At the same time, we will build a sample data pool and screen out high/low resilience children participants. Stud 2 focuses on the neural behavior basis of resilience, and drafts the assessment programs and reference models for individuals and groups. In study 1, 1510 students nested in 31 classes were surveyed using the social avoidance scale, the resilience scale, the life adjustment scale, and the demographic questionnaire. In study 2, based on the data from study 1, we categorized participants as high resilience group, high ability group, low resilience group, and frail group according to socioeconomic status, adjustment scores and teachers' appraise. At last, 120 participants were included into experiments of study 2. The results indicated that, compared to city children(n=322), migrant children(n=1188) scored lower both in internal factors(β =-1.028,p = 0.005) and external factors(β =-2.450,p = 0.003) of resilience, and have higher scores in social avoidance(β = 1.245,p = 0.024). Regarding to life adjustment, migrant children were poorer in self-regulation of learning(β =-0.763,p = 0.011) than city children, whereas, there was no difference in environment satisfaction, participation in activities, and living independently between two groups. In study 2, we found that HF power in resting condition was higher in people with high resilience, and in stressed condition people with high resilience have higher HF/LF, suggesting their vagal function is stronger.

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