失独老年人心理健康状况及相关因素的研究
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- 英文论文题名：The Mental Health Status and the Relating Factors among Older Adults Who Lost Their Only Child
- 论文作者：曹贤才 ; 白蕊 ; 王大华 ; 王岩
- 英文论文作者：Cao Xian-cai ; Bai Rui ; Wang Da-hua ; Wang Yan ; School of Psychology ; Beijing Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京师范大学心理学院;
- 论文关键词：老年人 ; 失独 ; 心理健康 ; 心理弹性
- 英文论文关键词：Older adults ; Lost only child ; Mental health ; Resilience
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.4
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：794k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
随着我国计划生育政策的实施,独生子女家庭占全国家庭户数的比例一直维持在较高的水平,失独家庭的比例也因此呈现出逐年增加的趋势。因失独群体年龄大、孤寡偏多,且独生子女死亡的创伤经历及因失独带来的家庭经济功能、家庭结构及婚姻关系的损害,其心理健康状况不容乐观。然而因我国人口政策的特异性及失独被试获取困难,已有研究多以失独现象的描述为主,很少有实证研究考察失独群体的心理健康状况及相关因素。本研究根据北京市计划生育部门"独生子女家庭特别扶助对象"的概念,选取北京市49周岁及以上且独生子女死亡的失独老人116名,选取相同社区非失独老人100名作为本研究的被试,失独组老人与非失独组老人在宗教信仰、婚姻状态、受教育程度、人均月收入等人口学变量上无显著差异。对以上所有被试进行问卷测查,以此来考察失独老年人与非失独老年人心理健康水平的差异、失独老年人的心理健康特点和相关因素对失独老年人心理健康的影响。主要测量工具为:《基本信息问卷》,包含人口学变量信息、失独有关信息、社会支持、健康状况及活动水平等;心理健康水平有关问卷:《UCLA孤独感量表》、《老年抑郁量表》、《老年焦虑量表》;保护因素有关问卷:《婚姻质量问卷》、《成年人心理弹性量表》等。结果发现:(1)失独老年人的抑郁和焦虑水平要显著高于非失独老年人。(2)失独时间对失独老年人焦虑水平有显著影响,失独时自身年龄越小、孩子年龄越大,焦虑水平越高;不同失独原因的抑郁和焦虑水平存在显著差异,子女意外事故比子女病故或自杀的老年人具有更高的抑郁和焦虑水平。(3)不同受教育程度下失独老年人的抑郁、焦虑水平差异显著,小学及以下教育水平老年人比高学历老年人更高;不同工作状态下失独老年人的孤独感差异显著,返聘老年人的孤独感显著低于其他工作状态下的老年人。(4)心理弹性水平能显著预测失独老年人的心理健康水平:接纳性可以显著预测抑郁、焦虑和孤独感水平,问题解决能力能显著预测焦虑和孤独水平,乐观性能显著预测焦虑水平;心理弹性中仅有接纳性能显著预测非失独群体的孤独感水平。表明心理弹性对失独老年人的心理健康起到了一定的保护作用。
With the implementation of the birth control policy, the proportion of family which has one child maintains a high level among all the families in mainland China. As a result, the number of families which lost their only child is accumulating year by year. There are some phenomenological observations concerning the detrimental influences of losing the only child on the older adults' mental health, including the traumatic experience of their children's death, family economic function damage, family structure and marital relationship destructions, etc. However, few empirical evidence has shown the mental health status and related factors among this population. According to the definition of the family lost only child(FLOC), "The family which has only one child and needs especially care ", proposed by the Family Planning Department in Beijing, we recruited 116 older adults who lost their only children(the FLOC group) and 100 older adults who don't belong to the FLOC(the n-FLOC group) from same communities. There were no difference between the demographic factors of these two groups. All of the participants were asked to completed a set of questionnaires including the Background Sheet(including the demographic information, time and cause of the child's death, social support level, physical health status and so on), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), the Chinese version of Geriatric Anxiety Inventory(GAI-CV), the Quality Marriage Index and the Resilient Trait Scale for Chinese Adults. Results indicates:(1) the scores on GDS and GAI-CV for the FLOC group was significantly higher than those of the n-FLOC group;(2) Time of lose significantly predict the anxiety scores among the FLOC group, the younger they lost the child or the older the died children were, the higher anxiety they would report. The scores on GDS and GAI-CV were significantly varied among the different causes of child's death. The scores on depression and anxiety of the older adults whose children died of accidents were higher than those whose died of suicide;(3) For the FLOC group, the scores on GDS and GAI-CV showed differences among education levels. Those with education level below primary school reported higher scores than those of whom with higher education. The scores on UCLA were different regarding to employment conditions. Older adults who were employed after retirement report less loneliness than their counterparts;(4)The scores of resilience significantly predict the mental health status of the FLOC older adults. Acceptance could negatively predict depression, anxiety and loneliness. Coping style of focusing on problem-solving could negatively predict anxiety and loneliness. And optimism score negatively predict anxiety. As for the older adults in n-FLOC group, only the score on acceptance could significantly predict their loneliness. These results indicates the resilience traits could protect the mental health of older adults who lost their only children.
With the implementation of the birth control policy, the proportion of family which has one child maintains a high level among all the families in mainland China. As a result, the number of families which lost their only child is accumulating year by year. There are some phenomenological observations concerning the detrimental influences of losing the only child on the older adults' mental health, including the traumatic experience of their children's death, family economic function damage, family structure and marital relationship destructions, etc. However, few empirical evidence has shown the mental health status and related factors among this population. According to the definition of the family lost only child(FLOC), "The family which has only one child and needs especially care ", proposed by the Family Planning Department in Beijing, we recruited 116 older adults who lost their only children(the FLOC group) and 100 older adults who don't belong to the FLOC(the n-FLOC group) from same communities. There were no difference between the demographic factors of these two groups. All of the participants were asked to completed a set of questionnaires including the Background Sheet(including the demographic information, time and cause of the child's death, social support level, physical health status and so on), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), the Chinese version of Geriatric Anxiety Inventory(GAI-CV), the Quality Marriage Index and the Resilient Trait Scale for Chinese Adults. Results indicates:(1) the scores on GDS and GAI-CV for the FLOC group was significantly higher than those of the n-FLOC group;(2) Time of lose significantly predict the anxiety scores among the FLOC group, the younger they lost the child or the older the died children were, the higher anxiety they would report. The scores on GDS and GAI-CV were significantly varied among the different causes of child's death. The scores on depression and anxiety of the older adults whose children died of accidents were higher than those whose died of suicide;(3) For the FLOC group, the scores on GDS and GAI-CV showed differences among education levels. Those with education level below primary school reported higher scores than those of whom with higher education. The scores on UCLA were different regarding to employment conditions. Older adults who were employed after retirement report less loneliness than their counterparts;(4)The scores of resilience significantly predict the mental health status of the FLOC older adults. Acceptance could negatively predict depression, anxiety and loneliness. Coping style of focusing on problem-solving could negatively predict anxiety and loneliness. And optimism score negatively predict anxiety. As for the older adults in n-FLOC group, only the score on acceptance could significantly predict their loneliness. These results indicates the resilience traits could protect the mental health of older adults who lost their only children.
引文
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