社区空巢老人心理弹性状况:基于潜在类别分析的结果

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• 英文论文题名：The resilience status of empty-nest elderly in community:the results of latent class analysis
• 论文作者：张杰 ; 张静平 ; 王安妮 ; 苏盼
• 英文论文作者：Zhang Jie ; Zhang Jingping ; Wang Anni ; Su Pan ; Xiang Ya Nursing School Of Central South University
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：中南大学湘雅护理学院护理心理学研究中心;
• 论文关键词：空巢老人 ; 心理弹性 ; 潜在类别分析
• 英文论文关键词：Empty-nest Elderly ; Resilience ; Latent Class Analysis
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B844.4
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：2
• 文件大小：830k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

心理弹性是指个体面对逆境、创伤、悲剧、威胁或其他重大压力时的良好适应过程,即面对困难经历时的反弹能力,空巢老人作为一个特殊的老年群体,他们的心理健康显得尤为重要,而心理弹性可以帮助我们预测空巢老人的孤独感和负性事件的应对能力,目前国内针对老年人的心理弹性虽有研究,但是这些研究都是将空巢老人作为一个整体,没有考虑这个群体是否存在不同质的差异的问题,是否存在不同的群体类型,这样就会存在以下问题,在一个群体中,即使两个个体的得分相同,他们在各个题目上的作答模式也可能不同,这样就忽略了整个群体内的个体差异。因此我们需要分析空巢老人心理弹性的异质性群体差异,找出更需要干预的群体,根据不同类型的群体特征进行针对性的干预。本研究采用问卷调查法,使用自编空巢老人一般资料调查表、Connor和Davidson心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)中文版对203名社区空巢老人进行调查,拟采用探索性潜在类别分析的方法对空巢老人心理弹性的特征进行分析,依据调查的数据寻求其最优的模型,探索是否存在群体异质性,为针对不同特征群体实施针对性的干预措施提供依据。通过统计软件Mplus7.0分析发现,社区空巢老人的心理弹性状况具有明显的分组特征,统计指标支持了3个潜在类别的模型,根据每个类别在问卷各个条目上的条件概率,分别命名为高弹性组,低耐压弹性组,低弹性组。所占的比例分别为26.6%,40.4%,32.9%。进一步的研究发现:相比低弹性组而言,高弹性组和低耐压弹性组有着显著的性别、婚姻状况效应。高弹性组和低耐压弹性组中女性占的比例比较大;就婚姻状况而言,高弹性组中有配偶的老人占的比例大,低耐压弹性组中无配偶的比例较大。由本研究可以看出,社区空巢老人的心理弹性状况可分为3个类别,不同的性别、婚姻状况在每个类别中分布不同。
Resilience as a good adaption when human in face of trauma, tragedy, threat or other major stresses, in other words, it was a ability to rebound in face of hardships. As special elderly, the mental health of empty-nest elderly is particularly important, the research on the empty-nest elderly‘s resilience can help us to predict the empty-nest elderly's loneliness as well as the ability to cope with the negative event.Although there were several researches on resilience of empty-nest elderly in home,these studies saw them as a whole., not consider the question of whether this group different had qualitative differences, whether there was a different group types.In this way,there colud exist these problems below: even if the score of two individuals in a group are the same, their answer mode on various topics may also be different, thus it could ignore the individual's differences within the group as a whole. So we need to analyze the resilience of empty-nest elderly among group differences and find out the in need of intervention group most, then we can conduct targeted intervention according to the group characteristics of different types. This study enrolled 203 empty-nest elderly as the study respondents. The general information, resilience of empty-nest elderly were investigated by using the General Information Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese version, then used latent class analyze to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly. On the basis of the survey data,we can seek the optimal model to explore whether there is a group of heterogeneity, then conduct targeted intervention measures according to different characteristics. Through the analyze of Mplus 7.0, we found that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious group characteristics and statistical indicators can support the three categories of potential model, based on the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category, respectively named "high resilience group" and "low pressure resilience group", "low resilience group". The proportion was 26.6%, 26.6%, 32.9% respectively. Further study showed that high resilience and low pressure resilience group had a significant effect of gender, marital status compared with low resilience group. High resilience group and low pressure resilience group shared women in large relatively; In terms of marital status, the old man who has a spouse in the high resiliece group accounted for the proportion of big, but the big proportion in the low pressure resilience group was the elderly who had no spouse. Through this study,we found that the resilience status of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories, each category had different gender, marital status.

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