公务员压力对主观幸福感的影响机制——情绪性的调节效应

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• 英文论文题名：The Mechanism of Stress on Subjective Well-being in Civil Servants——Moderate Effect of Emotionality
• 论文作者：周丽丽 ; 洪炜
• 英文论文作者：ZHOU Li-Li ; HONG Wei ; Department of Medical Psychology ; Institute of Medical Humanities ; Peking University Health Science Center
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：北京大学医学人文研究院医学心理教研室;
• 论文关键词：公务员 ; 主观幸福感 ; 压力 ; 情绪性
• 英文论文关键词：civil servants ; subjective well-being ; stress ; emotionality
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B842.6
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：3
• 文件大小：764k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

目的本研究从心理健康素质的视角出发,考察公务员情绪性的人口学差异,并进一步探讨情绪性在公务员压力和主观幸福感关系中的调节效应,为促进公务员的心理健康,完善相关心理健康服务提供理论参考。方法:采用方便抽样,使用自编一般资料调查表、中国成年人情绪性量表、公务员压力量表、中国人主观幸福感量表,调查了449名北京市公务员,通过方差分析比较公务员情绪性的人口学差异,采用相关分析、分层回归分析探讨变量之间的关系。结果 1.公务员情绪性:男性公务员的镇定性高于女性(F=8.22,P<0.01),而女性公务员的表达性高于男性(F=10.80,P<0.001);受教育程度越高的公务员在镇定性(F=3.71,P<0.05)、表达性(F=4.03,P<0.05)及情绪性(F=3.58,P<0.05)得分越高;高行政级别的公务员镇定性(F=4.04,P<0.05)、表达性(F=3.58,P<0.05)及情绪性(F=4.10,P<0.05)显著高于低行政级别的公务员。2.相关性分析:情绪性与主观幸福感(r=0.46,P<0.01)存在显著正相关;与情绪性压力(r=-0.42,P<0.01)存在显著负相关;压力与主观幸福感(r=-0.32,P<0.01)呈显著负相关。3.调节效应分析:压力对主观幸福感有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.69,t=-2.04,P<0.05);情绪性对主观幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(β=0.65,t=5.99,P<0.001);压力与情绪性的乘积项显著提升回归方程对公务员主观幸福感的预测(β=-0.18,t=-2.59,P<0.01);在压力水平较低时,情绪性越高的公务员主观幸福感体验越多,随着压力增加,不同情绪性的公务员主观幸福感水平的差异逐渐缩小,高情绪性的公务员主观幸福感水平反而下降更快。结论 1.性别、受教育程度、行政级别是影响公务员情绪性的重要的人口学因素。2.情绪性、压力与主观幸福感有显著相关性。3.情绪性对公务员压力和主观幸福感关系具有调节效应,但情绪性表现为压力易损因子,对高压力情境下公务员主观幸福感的保护作用有限。
Objective The current research was aimed at analyzing the relationship among emotionality, stress and subjective well-being(SWB), and further testing the moderated effect of this particular personality traits. Methods Employing accidental sampling method, 449 civil servants were assessed by Emotionality Scale for Chinese Adults(ESCA), self-made Civil Servants' Stress Scale(CSSS) and Chinese Happiness Inventory(CHI). Results The quantitative research showed that the emotional stability of male civil servants were higher than female(F=8.22, P<0.01), while female civil servants tended to be more emotional expressive than men(F=10.80, P<0.001). There was a significant difference among civil servants of educational levels in stability(F=3.71, P<0.05), expression(F=4.03, P<0.05), and emotionality(F=3.58, P<0.05). Further Post-Hoc analysis indicated that these traits of government employees in high educational level were significantly higher than those in low educational level. Similar results were found in different administrative levels. Emotionality(r=-0.42, P<0.01) was negatively correlated with stress, and positively correlated to subject well-being(r=0.46, P<0.01). The figure also demonstrated significant negative correlations between stress and subjective well-being(r=-0.32, P<0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that emotonality(β=-0.18, t=-2.59, P<0.01) had remarkable moderate effect on relationship between stress and happiness. Conclusions It was concluded that gender, educational level, administrative level were important demographic factors to civil servants' emotionality. There was significant correlation among the three variables. Emotionality could play as a protective role to maintain government employees' subjective well-being in stressful situation. However, the protective effect could be limited under high stress level. As the pressure increases, the differences of subjective well-being gradually narrowed between civil servants in high levels of emotionality and those in low levels of emotionality. Moreover, in contrast of civil servants in low emotional level, the subjective well-being of those civil servants in high emotional level declined more quickly.

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