扩张状态观测器在双馈风机虚拟惯量控制转速恢复中的应用
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摘要
双馈风机虚拟惯量控制通过在系统频率变化时利用附加功率控制释放一定的旋转动能或吸收一定的电能,从而为系统提供等效惯量。但风机在采用虚拟惯量控制后其转速会偏离最优转速,需要施加转速恢复控制。现有的基于比例(P)或比例积分(PI)控制器的转速恢复方法存在参数难以调节、恢复速度慢、容易引起频率的二次跌落等问题,因此需要有合适的控制策略使其恢复最优转速。该文提出了基于扩张状态观测器的双馈风机转速恢复策略,通过扩张观测器较为准确地动态估计风电机组捕获和输出的机械功率,进而通过设计加速功率曲线在避免二次频率跌落的前提下,提升转速恢复速度。动模实验验证了该方法的有效性。
The inertia response control of double-fed induction generators(DFIGs) can release kinetic power to power system or converts power from grid to kinetic power when frequency deviate from the normal range so that the DFIGs can provide inertia for power system. But the speed of DFIGs will deviate the optimal speed after inertia response control, hence a strategy for speed recovering is necessary. The traditional P/PI controller based speed recovery strategy is difficult to set parameters and easily result in second frequency dip. An extended state observer based DFIG-Based WTG speed recovery strategy wae proposed. This strategy can accelerate the speed of recovering and mitigate the adverse impact of speed recovery on system frequency. At last, a dynamic simulation on a testing bed was proposed.
The inertia response control of double-fed induction generators(DFIGs) can release kinetic power to power system or converts power from grid to kinetic power when frequency deviate from the normal range so that the DFIGs can provide inertia for power system. But the speed of DFIGs will deviate the optimal speed after inertia response control, hence a strategy for speed recovering is necessary. The traditional P/PI controller based speed recovery strategy is difficult to set parameters and easily result in second frequency dip. An extended state observer based DFIG-Based WTG speed recovery strategy wae proposed. This strategy can accelerate the speed of recovering and mitigate the adverse impact of speed recovery on system frequency. At last, a dynamic simulation on a testing bed was proposed.
引文
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[3]Lalor G,Mullane A,O’Malley M.Frequency control and wind turbine technologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1905-1913.
[4]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.Tang Xisheng,Miao Fufeng,Qi Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314(in Chinese).
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[14]Tapia A,Tapia G,Ostolaza J X,et al.Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(2):194-204.
[15]Slootweg J G,de Haan S W H,Polinder H,et al.General model for representing variable speed wind turbines in power system dynamics simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(1):144-151.
[16]李辉,韩力,赵斌,等.风电机组等效模型对机组暂态稳定分析结果的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(17):105-111.Li Hui,Han Li,Zhao Bin,et al.Effect of equivalent models of wind turbines on analysis results of transient stability for wind generator systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(17):105-111(in Chinese).
[17]Conroy J F,Watson R.Frequency response capability of full converter wind turbine generators in comparison to conventional generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):649-656.
[18]韩京清.一类不确定对象的扩张状态观测器[J].控制与决策,1995,10(1):85-88.Han Jinqing.The“Extended State Observer”of a class of uncertain systems[J].Control and Design,1995,10(1):85-88(in Chinese).
[19]韩京清.自抗扰控制技术——估计补偿不确定因素的控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.Han Jingqing.Active disturbance rejection control technique:the technique for estimating and compensating the uncertainties[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2008(in Chinese).
[20]Chang X Y,Li Y L,Zhang W Y,et al.Active disturbance rejection control for a flywheel energy storage system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):991-1001.
[21]Sira-Ramirez H,Rosales-Diaz D.Decentralized active disturbance rejection control of power converters serving a time varying load[C]//Proceedings of the 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference(CCC).Nanjing,China:IEEE,2014:4348-4353.
[22]林飞,张春朋,宋文超,等.基于扩张状态观测器的感应电机转子磁链观测[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):145-147.Lin Fei,Zhang Chunpeng,Song Wenchao,et al.Flux observer of induction motor based on extended state observer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):145-147(in Chinese).
[23]Zhong Q,Zhang Y,Yang J,et al.Non-linear autodisturbance rejection control of parallel active power filters[J].IET Control Theory&Applications,2009,3(7):907-916.
[2]Morren J,Pierik J,de Haan S W H.Inertial response of variable speed wind turbines[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2006,76(11):980-987.
[3]Lalor G,Mullane A,O’Malley M.Frequency control and wind turbine technologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1905-1913.
[4]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.Tang Xisheng,Miao Fufeng,Qi Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314(in Chinese).
[5]Ekanayake J,Jenkins N.Comparison of the response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(4):800-802.
[6]赵晶晶,吕雪,符杨,等.基于双馈感应风力发电机虚拟惯量和桨距角联合控制的风光柴微电网动态频率控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3815-3822.Zhao Jingjing,LüXue,Fu Yang,et al.Dynamic frequency control strategy of wind/photovoltaic/diesel microgrid based on DFIG virtual inertia control and pitch angle control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3815-3822(in Chinese).
[7]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.一种基于储能技术的风电场虚拟惯量补偿策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1596-1605.Liu Ju,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu,et al.A wind farm virtual inertia compensation strategy based on energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1596-1605(in Chinese).
[8]王刚,侍乔明,付立军,等.虚拟惯量控制方式下永磁风力发电机组轴系扭振机理分析[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(8):8-16.Wang Gang,Shi Qiaoming,Fu Lijun,et al.Mechanism analysis of torsional vibration for directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator shaft system with virtual inertia control[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(8):8-16(in Chinese).
[9]章德,刘锋,梅生伟,等.双馈风机虚拟惯量控制对传动系统扭振影响[J].电机与控制学报,2015,19(10):78-86.Zhang De,Liu Feng,Mei Shengwei,et al.Influence of inertia response control of wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator on drive train torsional vibration[J].Electric Machines and Control,2015,19(10):78-86(in Chinese).
[10]侍乔明,王刚,马伟明,等.直驱永磁风电机组虚拟惯量控制的实验方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):2033-2042.Shi Qiaoming,Wang Gang,Ma Weiming,et al.An experimental study method of D-PMSG with virtual inertia control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(8):2033-2042(in Chinese).
[11]Morren J,de Haan S W H,Kling W L,et al.Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(1):433-434.
[12]Tarnowski G C,Kjar P C,Sorensen P E,et al.Variable speed wind turbines capability for temporary over-production[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Calgary,AB,USA:IEEE,2009:1-7.
[13]El Itani S,Annakkage U D,Joos G.Short-term frequency support utilizing inertial response of DFIG wind turbines[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.San Diego,CA,USA:IEEE,2011:1-8.
[14]Tapia A,Tapia G,Ostolaza J X,et al.Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(2):194-204.
[15]Slootweg J G,de Haan S W H,Polinder H,et al.General model for representing variable speed wind turbines in power system dynamics simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(1):144-151.
[16]李辉,韩力,赵斌,等.风电机组等效模型对机组暂态稳定分析结果的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(17):105-111.Li Hui,Han Li,Zhao Bin,et al.Effect of equivalent models of wind turbines on analysis results of transient stability for wind generator systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(17):105-111(in Chinese).
[17]Conroy J F,Watson R.Frequency response capability of full converter wind turbine generators in comparison to conventional generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):649-656.
[18]韩京清.一类不确定对象的扩张状态观测器[J].控制与决策,1995,10(1):85-88.Han Jinqing.The“Extended State Observer”of a class of uncertain systems[J].Control and Design,1995,10(1):85-88(in Chinese).
[19]韩京清.自抗扰控制技术——估计补偿不确定因素的控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.Han Jingqing.Active disturbance rejection control technique:the technique for estimating and compensating the uncertainties[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2008(in Chinese).
[20]Chang X Y,Li Y L,Zhang W Y,et al.Active disturbance rejection control for a flywheel energy storage system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):991-1001.
[21]Sira-Ramirez H,Rosales-Diaz D.Decentralized active disturbance rejection control of power converters serving a time varying load[C]//Proceedings of the 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference(CCC).Nanjing,China:IEEE,2014:4348-4353.
[22]林飞,张春朋,宋文超,等.基于扩张状态观测器的感应电机转子磁链观测[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):145-147.Lin Fei,Zhang Chunpeng,Song Wenchao,et al.Flux observer of induction motor based on extended state observer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):145-147(in Chinese).
[23]Zhong Q,Zhang Y,Yang J,et al.Non-linear autodisturbance rejection control of parallel active power filters[J].IET Control Theory&Applications,2009,3(7):907-916.
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