安徽铜陵桂花冲斑岩铜矿围岩蚀变与矿化作用
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摘要
桂花冲铜矿为安徽铜陵地区新发现的斑岩型铜矿,斑岩体为准铝质高钾钙碱性的花岗闪长斑岩。围岩蚀变与矿化作用是斑岩型矿床成矿过程研究的一项重要内容,对蚀变带岩石开展元素地球化学成分的迁移研究,是分析热液交代蚀变过程的基础。桂花冲铜矿区内围岩蚀变作用比较强烈,蚀变类型主要有钾化、绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。蚀变分带比较明显,由内向外依次为钾化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带,矿体主要产于绢英岩化带内。矿化蚀变自早至晚划分为钾长石、石英-绢云母、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐4个阶段。蚀变带物质组分迁移结果表明,在蚀变过程中,岩石的主量元素除TiO2、MnO、MgO外,其他元素迁移量发生了明显改变;微量元素除Sr和Cu外,迁移量变化较小,稀土元素在矿化强的部位亏损,在矿化弱的地带富集。岩体及蚀变带岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式一致,说明岩体与蚀变岩石经历了相同来源流体的交代蚀变,是岩浆流体连续作用的结果。
Guihuachong copper deposit is a porphyry copper deposit newly discovered in the Tongling area,Anhui Province. Lithology of host intrusion is granodiorite porphyry,belonging to metaluminous high potassium calc-alkali granite. Wall rock alteration and mineralization study is an important porphyry deposit mineralization study on migration conducted alteration zone rock for geochemical composition of elements,which is based on the analysis of hydrothermal alteration processes. Wall rock alteration is strong in the Guihuachong mining area,and mainly consists of potassic alteration,sericitization,silicification,chloritization,and carbonatization. Alteration zoning is obvious,occurring potassic alteration,sericitization-silicification,and argillation-propylitization belts in outward succession. Major orebodies occur in the sericitization-silicification belt. Alteration and mineralization process of the hydrothermal stage from early to late is divided into four stages,i. e.,potassic alteration,sericitization-silicification, quartz-polymetallic sulfide and carbonate stages. Mineralization took place mainly in the quartz-chalcopyrite sulfide stage. The results of migration quality of components in different alteration zones showed that variation of migration quality in the alteration process is high for the major elements except TiO2,MnO,MgO and low for the trace elements except Cr and Cu,and rare earth elements are loss in strong mineralization area and enrichment in the zone of mineralization. low for the rare earth elements. The similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the intrusion and the altered rocks from the Guihuachong deposit show close connection of the intrusion with mineralization of the deposit and it is the result of continuous actionof magmatic fluids.
Guihuachong copper deposit is a porphyry copper deposit newly discovered in the Tongling area,Anhui Province. Lithology of host intrusion is granodiorite porphyry,belonging to metaluminous high potassium calc-alkali granite. Wall rock alteration and mineralization study is an important porphyry deposit mineralization study on migration conducted alteration zone rock for geochemical composition of elements,which is based on the analysis of hydrothermal alteration processes. Wall rock alteration is strong in the Guihuachong mining area,and mainly consists of potassic alteration,sericitization,silicification,chloritization,and carbonatization. Alteration zoning is obvious,occurring potassic alteration,sericitization-silicification,and argillation-propylitization belts in outward succession. Major orebodies occur in the sericitization-silicification belt. Alteration and mineralization process of the hydrothermal stage from early to late is divided into four stages,i. e.,potassic alteration,sericitization-silicification, quartz-polymetallic sulfide and carbonate stages. Mineralization took place mainly in the quartz-chalcopyrite sulfide stage. The results of migration quality of components in different alteration zones showed that variation of migration quality in the alteration process is high for the major elements except TiO2,MnO,MgO and low for the trace elements except Cr and Cu,and rare earth elements are loss in strong mineralization area and enrichment in the zone of mineralization. low for the rare earth elements. The similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the intrusion and the altered rocks from the Guihuachong deposit show close connection of the intrusion with mineralization of the deposit and it is the result of continuous actionof magmatic fluids.
引文
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[16]赵俊兴,秦克章,李光明,等.冈底斯北缘沙让斑岩钼矿蚀变矿化特征及与典型斑岩钼矿床的对比[J].地质与勘探,2011,47(1):54-71.
[17]彭振安.界牌岭锡矿床蚀变矿化分带及其成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,1991,5(4):293-299.
[18]姜永果,吴静,李峰,等.云南香格里拉春都斑岩铜矿区围岩蚀变及矿化特征[J].地质与勘探,2011,47(6):1107-1113.
[19]孟祥金,侯增谦,高永丰,等.碰撞造山型斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式——以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):201-213.
[20]黄智龙,王联魁.云南老王寨金矿煌斑岩蚀变、矿化过程中元素活动规律[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1997,16(1):10-21.
[2]杜杨松,李顺庭,曹毅,等.安徽铜陵铜官山矿区中生代侵入岩的形成过程——岩浆底侵、同化混染和分离结晶[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):71-77.
[3]侯增谦,潘小菲,杨志明,等.初论大陆环境斑岩铜矿[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):332-351.
[4]WHALEN J,CURRIE K,CHAPPELL B.A-type granites:Geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1987,95(4):407
[5]RAPP R,XIAO L,SHIMIZU N.Experimental constrains on the origin of potassium-rich adakites in eastern China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2002,18(3):293-302.
[6]HUANG Y.Magmatic fluids and mineralization-observations of subaerial volcanic-hydrothermal processes,black smokers on modern seafloor and melt inclusion studies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1998,5:7-38.
[7]SOMARIN A K.Garnetization as a ground preparation process for copper mineralization:evidence from the Mazraeh skarn deposit,Iran[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2010,99(2):343-356.
[8]FORSTER D,SECCOMBE P,PHILLIPS D.Controls on skarn mineralization and alteration at the Cadia deposits,New South Wales,Australia[J].Economic Geology,2004,99(4):761-788.
[9]谭康华,张世全,黄定柱,等.普朗斑岩铜矿蚀变及矿化特点[J].云南地质,2007,26(3):271-276.
[10]GRANT J.The isocon diagram:A simple solution to Gresens's equation for metasomatic alteration[J].Economic Geology,1986,81:1976-1982.
[11]蒋其胜,赵自宏,黄建满.安徽南陵姚家岭铜铅锌矿床的发现及意义[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):314-321.
[12]张亚辉,张世涛,冯明刚,等.云南文山官房钨矿床团山矿段围岩蚀变与矿化规律研究[J].现代地质,2011,25(4):740-749.
[13]张智宇,杜杨松,张静,等.安徽贵池铜山矽卡岩型铜矿床蚀变矿化分带特征及其成因[J].矿床地质,2010,29(6):999-1016.
[14]刘蛮玲,傅金宝.安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床岩体蚀变与矿化关系[J].冶金工业部地质研究所所报,1981,5(2):23-30.
[15]魏浩,徐九华,曾庆栋,等.黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床蚀变-矿化阶段及其流体演化[J].岩石学报,2011,27(5):1361-1374.
[16]赵俊兴,秦克章,李光明,等.冈底斯北缘沙让斑岩钼矿蚀变矿化特征及与典型斑岩钼矿床的对比[J].地质与勘探,2011,47(1):54-71.
[17]彭振安.界牌岭锡矿床蚀变矿化分带及其成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,1991,5(4):293-299.
[18]姜永果,吴静,李峰,等.云南香格里拉春都斑岩铜矿区围岩蚀变及矿化特征[J].地质与勘探,2011,47(6):1107-1113.
[19]孟祥金,侯增谦,高永丰,等.碰撞造山型斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式——以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):201-213.
[20]黄智龙,王联魁.云南老王寨金矿煌斑岩蚀变、矿化过程中元素活动规律[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1997,16(1):10-21.
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