汉江上游郧县庹家洲河段全新世古洪水研究
|
摘要
通过对汉江上游的实地调查,在湖北省郧县庹家洲段发现了含有4期古洪水滞流沉积层的典型全新世黄土—古土壤剖面。结合野外观察和室内粒度、磁化率和烧失量等指标的测定,判定为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物(SWD),记录了汉江上游4期古洪水事件。通过地层对比、OSL断代等方法,确定这4期古洪水事件分别发生在12 600—12 400aB.P.,4 200—4 000aB.P.,3 200—2 800aB.P.和东汉时期1 900—1 800aB.P.。然后利用沉积学和水文学原理恢复了洪峰水位,并选择合适的水文参数,采用比降法水文模型推算出了这4期特大古洪水洪峰流量。同时,根据相同的方法,推算了剖面附近1983,2005和2010年洪痕对应的洪峰流量,与实测流量相比,误差在1.99%~4.21%,说明计算古洪水洪峰流量的水文参数选择与计算结果是合理的,而且古洪水洪峰流量计算结果也符合洪峰流量与流域面积关系。
By field investigation in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River,palaeoflood slack-water deposits(SWD)were found in loess profile on Tuojiazhou terrace land in Yunxian County of Hubei Province.Based on field observation,laboratory analysis,including loss on ignition,magnetic susceptibility,calcium carbonate and the grain-size distribution,four SWDs were identified as the most typical Holocene palaeoflood deposits in the Hanjiang River basin and which recorded four palaeofloods events.By using stratigraphic correlations and OSL dating,these four palaeofloods events were dated to 12 600—12 400aB.P.,4 200—4 000aB.P.,3 200—2 800aB.P.and 1 900—1 800aB.P.in Eastern Han Dynasty,respectively.Then according to the palaeoflood peak stages and reasonable hydraulic parameters,the peak discharges of four palaeofloods were calculated by using the slope-area method.To validate the calculation,the flood peak discharges of extraordinary floods in 1983,2005and 2010were also reconstructed by using the same method and hydraulic parameters in the same cross-section.The error between the reconstructed and gauged discharges was 1.99% ~4.21%.This indicated that the reconstructed palaeoflood peak discharges were reliable.And the reconstructed results of palaeoflood discharges were also consistent with the relationship between palaeoflood peak discharge and drainage area.This study prolonged the flood data sequence of Hanjiang River to a time-scale of over 10 000-years.More importantly,it provided significant data for flood control and hazard mitigation in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River.
By field investigation in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River,palaeoflood slack-water deposits(SWD)were found in loess profile on Tuojiazhou terrace land in Yunxian County of Hubei Province.Based on field observation,laboratory analysis,including loss on ignition,magnetic susceptibility,calcium carbonate and the grain-size distribution,four SWDs were identified as the most typical Holocene palaeoflood deposits in the Hanjiang River basin and which recorded four palaeofloods events.By using stratigraphic correlations and OSL dating,these four palaeofloods events were dated to 12 600—12 400aB.P.,4 200—4 000aB.P.,3 200—2 800aB.P.and 1 900—1 800aB.P.in Eastern Han Dynasty,respectively.Then according to the palaeoflood peak stages and reasonable hydraulic parameters,the peak discharges of four palaeofloods were calculated by using the slope-area method.To validate the calculation,the flood peak discharges of extraordinary floods in 1983,2005and 2010were also reconstructed by using the same method and hydraulic parameters in the same cross-section.The error between the reconstructed and gauged discharges was 1.99% ~4.21%.This indicated that the reconstructed palaeoflood peak discharges were reliable.And the reconstructed results of palaeoflood discharges were also consistent with the relationship between palaeoflood peak discharge and drainage area.This study prolonged the flood data sequence of Hanjiang River to a time-scale of over 10 000-years.More importantly,it provided significant data for flood control and hazard mitigation in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River.
引文
[1]谢悦波,王文辉,王平.古洪水平流沉积粒度特征[J].水文,2000,20(4):18-20.
[2]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励.关中西部漆水河全新世特大洪水与环境演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):292-300.
[3]谢悦波,姜红涛.古洪水研究:挖掘河流大洪水的编年史[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2001,37(3):390-395.
[4]詹道江,谢悦波.洪水计算的新进展:古洪水研究[J].水文,1997(1):1-6.
[5]杨达源,谢悦波.古洪水平流沉积[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):29-32.
[6]Baker V R.Paleoflood hydrology and extraordinary flood events[J].Journal of Hydrology,1987,96(1/4):79-99.
[7]Benito G,Sopea A,Snchez-Moya Y,et al.Palaeoflood record of the Tagus River(Central Spain)during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2003,22(15/17):1737-175.
[8]赵德芳,孙虎,延军平,等.陕南汉江谷地近年气候变化及其生态环境意义[J].山地学报,2005,23(3):313-318.
[9]沈大军,刘昌明,陈传友.南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游的影响分析[J].地理学报,1996,51(5):426-230.
[10]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励,等.汉江上游郧西段全新世古洪水事件研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(5):671-680.
[11]殷淑燕,王海燕,王德丽,等.陕南汉江上游历史洪水灾害与气候变化[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):523-527.
[12]朱震达.汉江上游丹江口至白河间的河谷地貌[J].地理学报,1955,21(3):259-271.
[13]杨永德,邹宁,郭希望,等.汉江上游水文特性的初步分析[J].水文,1997(2):54-56.
[14]苏连璧,汉江洪水成因及其出现规律[J].人民长江,1981(4):82-87.
[15]安康特大洪水分析小组.汉江安康“83·7”特大洪水分析[J].水文,1986(2):6-12.
[16]沈桂环,李军社.汉江上游“2010·7”特大暴雨洪水分析[J].资源环境,2011,40(3):66-67.
[17]崔讲学,徐双柱,王仁乔,等.2005年汉江秋汛气象水文特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2007,26(4):289-294.
[18]李瑜琴,黄春长,查小春,等.泾河中游龙山文化晚期特大洪水水文学研究[J].地理学报,2009,64(5):541-552.
[19]黄春长,庞奖励,查小春,等.黄河流域关中盆地史前大洪水研究:以周原漆水河谷地为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1658-1669.
[20]庞奖励,黄春长,周亚利,等.汉江上游谷地全新世风成黄土及其成壤改造特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1562-1573.
[21]Maher B A.Characterization of soils by mineral magnetic measurement[J].Physics of the Earth and planetary Interiors,1986,42(1/2):76-92.
[22]万红莲,黄春长,庞奖励,等.渭河宝鸡峡全新世特大洪水水文学研究[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(2):430-440.
[23]王夏青,黄春长,庞奖励,等.黄河中游北洛河宜君段全新世特大洪水及其气候背景研究[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):910-918.
[24]张文河,穆桂金.烧失法测定有机质和碳酸盐的精度控制[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(3):455-459.
[25]叶玮.中国西风区黄土常量元素地球化学行为与古环境[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):23-29.
[26]庞奖励,黄春长,贾耀峰.关中东部地区全新世土壤发育及记录的水文事件[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):187-193.
[27]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[J].北京:科学出版社,1981:9-12.
[28]李晓刚,黄春长,庞奖励,等.关中西部湋水河全新世古洪水平流沉积地层研究[J].地学杂志,2009,33(2):198-205.
[29]沈玉昌.汉水河谷的地貌及其发育历史[J].地理学报,1956,22(4):295-321.
[30]谢悦波,费宇红,沈起鹏.古洪水平流沉积与水位[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):320-323.
[31]朱向锋,黄春长,查小春,等.泾河流域现代洪水泥痕沉积学特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):86-90.
[32]Waythomas C F,Jarrett R D.Flood geomorphology of Arthurs Rock Gulch,Colorado:Paleoflood history[J].Geomorphology,1994,11(1):15-40.
[33]Kochel R C.Extending stream records with slackwater palaeoflood hydrology:Examples from West Texas[M]∥Baker B C.Flood Geomorphology,New York:Wiley Interscience,1988:377-391.
[34]詹道江,谢悦波.古洪水研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:1-83.
[35]Baker V R.Paleoflood hydrology in a global context[J].Catena,2006,66(1/2):161-168.
[36]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励,等.泾河中游现代洪水痕迹调查对实测洪水的校核[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):149-153.
[37]王龙升,黄春长,庞奖励,等.汉江上游旬阳段古洪水水文学研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2012,40(1):88-93.
[2]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励.关中西部漆水河全新世特大洪水与环境演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):292-300.
[3]谢悦波,姜红涛.古洪水研究:挖掘河流大洪水的编年史[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2001,37(3):390-395.
[4]詹道江,谢悦波.洪水计算的新进展:古洪水研究[J].水文,1997(1):1-6.
[5]杨达源,谢悦波.古洪水平流沉积[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):29-32.
[6]Baker V R.Paleoflood hydrology and extraordinary flood events[J].Journal of Hydrology,1987,96(1/4):79-99.
[7]Benito G,Sopea A,Snchez-Moya Y,et al.Palaeoflood record of the Tagus River(Central Spain)during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2003,22(15/17):1737-175.
[8]赵德芳,孙虎,延军平,等.陕南汉江谷地近年气候变化及其生态环境意义[J].山地学报,2005,23(3):313-318.
[9]沈大军,刘昌明,陈传友.南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游的影响分析[J].地理学报,1996,51(5):426-230.
[10]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励,等.汉江上游郧西段全新世古洪水事件研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(5):671-680.
[11]殷淑燕,王海燕,王德丽,等.陕南汉江上游历史洪水灾害与气候变化[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):523-527.
[12]朱震达.汉江上游丹江口至白河间的河谷地貌[J].地理学报,1955,21(3):259-271.
[13]杨永德,邹宁,郭希望,等.汉江上游水文特性的初步分析[J].水文,1997(2):54-56.
[14]苏连璧,汉江洪水成因及其出现规律[J].人民长江,1981(4):82-87.
[15]安康特大洪水分析小组.汉江安康“83·7”特大洪水分析[J].水文,1986(2):6-12.
[16]沈桂环,李军社.汉江上游“2010·7”特大暴雨洪水分析[J].资源环境,2011,40(3):66-67.
[17]崔讲学,徐双柱,王仁乔,等.2005年汉江秋汛气象水文特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2007,26(4):289-294.
[18]李瑜琴,黄春长,查小春,等.泾河中游龙山文化晚期特大洪水水文学研究[J].地理学报,2009,64(5):541-552.
[19]黄春长,庞奖励,查小春,等.黄河流域关中盆地史前大洪水研究:以周原漆水河谷地为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1658-1669.
[20]庞奖励,黄春长,周亚利,等.汉江上游谷地全新世风成黄土及其成壤改造特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1562-1573.
[21]Maher B A.Characterization of soils by mineral magnetic measurement[J].Physics of the Earth and planetary Interiors,1986,42(1/2):76-92.
[22]万红莲,黄春长,庞奖励,等.渭河宝鸡峡全新世特大洪水水文学研究[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(2):430-440.
[23]王夏青,黄春长,庞奖励,等.黄河中游北洛河宜君段全新世特大洪水及其气候背景研究[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):910-918.
[24]张文河,穆桂金.烧失法测定有机质和碳酸盐的精度控制[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(3):455-459.
[25]叶玮.中国西风区黄土常量元素地球化学行为与古环境[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):23-29.
[26]庞奖励,黄春长,贾耀峰.关中东部地区全新世土壤发育及记录的水文事件[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):187-193.
[27]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[J].北京:科学出版社,1981:9-12.
[28]李晓刚,黄春长,庞奖励,等.关中西部湋水河全新世古洪水平流沉积地层研究[J].地学杂志,2009,33(2):198-205.
[29]沈玉昌.汉水河谷的地貌及其发育历史[J].地理学报,1956,22(4):295-321.
[30]谢悦波,费宇红,沈起鹏.古洪水平流沉积与水位[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):320-323.
[31]朱向锋,黄春长,查小春,等.泾河流域现代洪水泥痕沉积学特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):86-90.
[32]Waythomas C F,Jarrett R D.Flood geomorphology of Arthurs Rock Gulch,Colorado:Paleoflood history[J].Geomorphology,1994,11(1):15-40.
[33]Kochel R C.Extending stream records with slackwater palaeoflood hydrology:Examples from West Texas[M]∥Baker B C.Flood Geomorphology,New York:Wiley Interscience,1988:377-391.
[34]詹道江,谢悦波.古洪水研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:1-83.
[35]Baker V R.Paleoflood hydrology in a global context[J].Catena,2006,66(1/2):161-168.
[36]查小春,黄春长,庞奖励,等.泾河中游现代洪水痕迹调查对实测洪水的校核[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(3):149-153.
[37]王龙升,黄春长,庞奖励,等.汉江上游旬阳段古洪水水文学研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2012,40(1):88-93.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |