不同清粪机械对兔舍内空气环境质量的影响
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摘要
为评价刮板式清粪机和传送带式清粪机对兔舍内空气环境质量的影响效果,选取除清粪机械不同外,兔只数、兔生长阶段、风机数量、建筑形式均相同的两栋兔舍,分别在2018年4月连续一周对两类兔舍中的温度、相对湿度、氨气(NH_3)、二氧化碳(CO_2)、甲烷(CH_4)、粉尘、硫化氢(H_2S)浓度进行检测。(1)兔舍外、刮板式舍和传送带式舍的温度分别为17.79℃、18.39℃、18.43℃,舍外与舍内温度差异不显著(P>0.05),刮板式舍与传送带式舍内温度差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)兔舍外、刮板式舍和传送带式舍的湿度分别为50.17%、50.3%、48.99%,舍外与舍内湿度差异不显著(P>0.05),刮板式舍与传送带式舍内湿度差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)刮板式舍和传送带式舍内NH_3、CO_2、粉尘的浓度分别为2.99 mg/m~3、813.40 mg/m~3、0.31 mg/m~3和2.13 mg/m~3、614.13 mg/m~3、0.31 mg/m~3,传送带式舍内NH_3和CO_2浓度显著低于刮板式舍(P<0.05);未检出H_2S、CH_4。
To evaluate the effect of two types of manure cleaning machines on air quality in rabbit houses, two rabbit houses with the same number of rabbits, rabbit growth stage, number of fans, and architectural form but different types of manure cleaning machines were selected. The temperature, relative humidity, NH_3, CO_2, CH_4, dust, and H_2S concentrations were measured for a successive week in April 2018. Results show(1) the outdoor temperatures, the temperature inside scraper house and conveyor belt house were 17.79 ℃, 18.39 ℃, and 18.43 ℃, respectively, with insignificant difference between outdoor and indoor temperature(P>0.05), and insignificant difference between temperatures inside scraper type and belt type houses(P>0.05);(2)The humidity outdoor and inside scraper house and conveyor belt house were 50.17%, 50.3% and 48.99%, respectively. There was insignificant difference between the indoor and outdoor humidity(P>0.05), nor was the humidity between scraper-type and conveyor belt houses(P>0.05);(3) The concentration of NH_3, CO_2, and dust in scraper-type and conveyor belt houses were respectively 3.94 ppm, 415.00 ppm, and 0.31 mg/m~3 and 2.8 ppm, 313.33 ppm, and 0.31 mg/m~3, the concentration of contaminated NH_3 and CO_2 in conveyor belt house was significantly lower than that in scraper house(P<0.05); H_2S and CH_4 were not detected.
To evaluate the effect of two types of manure cleaning machines on air quality in rabbit houses, two rabbit houses with the same number of rabbits, rabbit growth stage, number of fans, and architectural form but different types of manure cleaning machines were selected. The temperature, relative humidity, NH_3, CO_2, CH_4, dust, and H_2S concentrations were measured for a successive week in April 2018. Results show(1) the outdoor temperatures, the temperature inside scraper house and conveyor belt house were 17.79 ℃, 18.39 ℃, and 18.43 ℃, respectively, with insignificant difference between outdoor and indoor temperature(P>0.05), and insignificant difference between temperatures inside scraper type and belt type houses(P>0.05);(2)The humidity outdoor and inside scraper house and conveyor belt house were 50.17%, 50.3% and 48.99%, respectively. There was insignificant difference between the indoor and outdoor humidity(P>0.05), nor was the humidity between scraper-type and conveyor belt houses(P>0.05);(3) The concentration of NH_3, CO_2, and dust in scraper-type and conveyor belt houses were respectively 3.94 ppm, 415.00 ppm, and 0.31 mg/m~3 and 2.8 ppm, 313.33 ppm, and 0.31 mg/m~3, the concentration of contaminated NH_3 and CO_2 in conveyor belt house was significantly lower than that in scraper house(P<0.05); H_2S and CH_4 were not detected.
引文
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[21] 陈菊娥,薛帮群.兔粪的综合利用[J].现代农村科技,1993(8):18.
[22] 杨丽丽,刘志,戢新平,等.高二氧化碳通气对急性肺损伤兔病理生理指标的影响[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2004,13(6):386-388.
[23] NI J Q,VINCKIER C,COENEGRACHTS J,et al.Effect of manure on ammonia emission from a fattening pig house with partly slatted floor[J].Livestock Production Science,1999,59(1):25-31.
[24] ULENS T,MILLET S,VAN RANSBEECK N,et al.The effect of different pen cleaning techniques and housing systems on indoor concentrations of particulate matter,ammonia and greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4,N2O)[J].Livestock Science,2014,159(3):123-132.
[25] XU M,WU Y M,LI Q,et al.Electrophysiological effects of hydrogen sulfide on pacemaker cells in sinoatrial nodes of rabbits[J].Acta Physiologica,2008,60(2):175-180.
[2] 杜继红.浅析规模化兔场经营不利的原因[C]//浙江宁波:第二届(2012)中国兔业发展大会转辑三,2012.
[3] 谷子林,亲应和,任克良.中国养兔学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[4] 贾玉堂,汤继顺,窦长坤,等.兔舍小环境控制对长毛兔生长繁殖性能的影响[J].中国养兔,2009(1):21-24.
[5] 张峰,陆宝林,文双云.环境因素对繁殖母兔的影响及解决方法[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2011,32(9):33.
[6] 牛欢,张政,颜培实.冬季机械清粪牛舍与人工清粪牛舍空气环境分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(6):26-31.
[7] 程龙梅,吴银宝,王燕,等.清粪方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境质量及粪便理化性质的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(18):22-27.
[8] AMON B,P?LLINGER A,KRYVORUCHKO V,et al.Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs[J].International Congress Series,2006,1293(3):287-290.
[9] AMON B,KRYVORUCHKO V,AMON T,et al.Methane,nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of slurry treatment[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2006,112(2-3):153-162.
[10] PHILIPPE F,CABARAUX J,NICKS B.Ammonia emissions from pig houses:Influencing factors and mitigation techniques[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2011,141(3-4):245-260.
[11] 薛帮群,陈治安,张全应.兔舍传送带清粪机的使用[C]//四川德阳:第四届中国兔业发展大会会刊,2014:235.
[12] 那志军,徐彦申.家兔兔舍的环境[J].养殖技术顾问,2010(3):178.
[13] 扶晋,尤明珍.兔舍环境调控技术[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2012(22):105-106.
[14] 高淑霞,孙海涛,杨丽萍,等.冬季兔舍内温湿度及气体检测[J].中国养兔,2016(1):19-21.
[15] 杨亮.两种请粪方式对保育猪生长性能、环境指标以及粪污成分的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013:33-34.
[16] 欧阳宏飞,郑春霞,邵伟,等.新疆冬季密闭羊舍的空气质量分析[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(3):65-71.
[17] 姚瑞旦.家畜卫生学[M].江苏南京:畜牧兽医出版社,1957:23-30.
[18] 刘曼,李明勇,崔瑞峰,等.兔舍内氨气的危害及控制措施[J].中国养兔,2017(2):35-40.
[19] 詹显全,杨青,王治明.3种粉尘对兔肺泡巨噬细胞合成NO及NOS活性的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2000,16(8):12-14.
[20] 郭衍,许世锷,陆秀君,等.螨类和粉尘接种家兔肺部的实验观察[J].汕头大学医学院学报,2007,20(2):81-82.
[21] 陈菊娥,薛帮群.兔粪的综合利用[J].现代农村科技,1993(8):18.
[22] 杨丽丽,刘志,戢新平,等.高二氧化碳通气对急性肺损伤兔病理生理指标的影响[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2004,13(6):386-388.
[23] NI J Q,VINCKIER C,COENEGRACHTS J,et al.Effect of manure on ammonia emission from a fattening pig house with partly slatted floor[J].Livestock Production Science,1999,59(1):25-31.
[24] ULENS T,MILLET S,VAN RANSBEECK N,et al.The effect of different pen cleaning techniques and housing systems on indoor concentrations of particulate matter,ammonia and greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4,N2O)[J].Livestock Science,2014,159(3):123-132.
[25] XU M,WU Y M,LI Q,et al.Electrophysiological effects of hydrogen sulfide on pacemaker cells in sinoatrial nodes of rabbits[J].Acta Physiologica,2008,60(2):175-180.
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