洱海流域稻鸭共作对稻田温室气体排放和水稻产量的影响
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摘要
稻季是水旱轮作生态系统温室气体排放的主要时期,探索有效措施实现稻季温室气体减排和水稻增产已成为当前研究的热点.稻鸭共作是减少稻季温室气体排放的有效措施之一,而确定合理的稻鸭共作密度对确保洱海流域水稻产量基础上实现温室气体减排具有重要意义.该研究通过设置不同稻鸭共作密度试验,采取密闭静态箱—气相色谱法研究了稻鸭共作对温室气体排放规律、排放量及全球增温潜势(GWP)的影响.结果表明:水稻生育期,CH_4和N_2O均在分蘖期和结实期出现排放峰;CH_4排放通量、累计排放量和总排放量大小均为常规处理(CT)>低密度鸭处理(LDD)>高密度鸭处理(HDD)>空白处理(CK),而N_2O为HDD>LDD>CT>CK.与CT相比,CK、LDD、HDD的CH_4排放总量分别降低45%、18%、25%,N_2O排放总量分别降低8%、增加11%和37%,温室气体综合增温潜势分别降低41%、14%、17%.田面水DO、NH~+_4-N、NO~-_3-N及土壤温度是引起温室气体CH_4和N_2O排放差异的主要因素.不同处理的水稻产量为LDD>CK>CT>HDD.合理的稻鸭共作密度降低CH_4排放,增加N_2O排放,减缓全球增温潜势,提高了水稻产量.兼顾水稻产量和温室气体减排效果,LDD处理综合效益最好.
Rice season is the main period of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy-upland rotation ecosystems, exploring effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously improve rice yield has become a hot topic in current research. Integrating rice and duck during rice growth, called rice-duck mutualism, is one of the most effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and determining reasonable density of rice-duck mutualism is great significance to reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on stable rice yield in Erhai basin. In order to obtain optimal density, effect of rice-duck mutualism density on greenhouse gas emissions regulation, emission flux and global warming potential(GWP) were analyzed using a closed static chamber-gas chromatography. The results showed that the emission peaks of CH_4 and N_2O appeared at tillering stage and grain-filling period during rice growth. The orders of emission flux, cumulative emissions and total emissions of CH_4 were conventional treatment(CT)> low-density duck treatment(LDD)> high-density duck treatment(HDD)> no chemical fertilizer treatment(CK), and the orders of N_2O were HDD > LDD > CT > CK. Compared with CT, total CH_4 emission of CK, LDD and HDD decreased by 45%, 18% and 25%, respectively, total N_2O emission of CK, LDD and HDD reduced by 8%,-11% and-37%, and GWP was respectively reduced by 41%, 14% and 17%. DO, NH~+_4-N and NO~-_3-N in the surface water and soil temperature were the main factors causing differences in CH_4 and N_2O emissions. The orders of rice yield were LDD>CK>CT>HDD. Reasonable density of rice-duck mutualism reduced CH_4 emission, increased N_2O emission, slowed global warming potential, and improved the rice yield. Considering relative higher rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, the comprehensive benefit of LDD was the best.
Rice season is the main period of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy-upland rotation ecosystems, exploring effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously improve rice yield has become a hot topic in current research. Integrating rice and duck during rice growth, called rice-duck mutualism, is one of the most effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and determining reasonable density of rice-duck mutualism is great significance to reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on stable rice yield in Erhai basin. In order to obtain optimal density, effect of rice-duck mutualism density on greenhouse gas emissions regulation, emission flux and global warming potential(GWP) were analyzed using a closed static chamber-gas chromatography. The results showed that the emission peaks of CH_4 and N_2O appeared at tillering stage and grain-filling period during rice growth. The orders of emission flux, cumulative emissions and total emissions of CH_4 were conventional treatment(CT)> low-density duck treatment(LDD)> high-density duck treatment(HDD)> no chemical fertilizer treatment(CK), and the orders of N_2O were HDD > LDD > CT > CK. Compared with CT, total CH_4 emission of CK, LDD and HDD decreased by 45%, 18% and 25%, respectively, total N_2O emission of CK, LDD and HDD reduced by 8%,-11% and-37%, and GWP was respectively reduced by 41%, 14% and 17%. DO, NH~+_4-N and NO~-_3-N in the surface water and soil temperature were the main factors causing differences in CH_4 and N_2O emissions. The orders of rice yield were LDD>CK>CT>HDD. Reasonable density of rice-duck mutualism reduced CH_4 emission, increased N_2O emission, slowed global warming potential, and improved the rice yield. Considering relative higher rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, the comprehensive benefit of LDD was the best.
引文
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董艳芳,黄景,李伏生,等.2017.不同灌溉模式和施氮处理下稻CH4和N2O排放[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(3):578-588
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黄慧君,王永平,李庆红.2013.洱海流域近50年气候变化特征及其对洱海水资源的影响[J].气象,39(4):436-442
侯玉兰.2013.崇明岛稻麦轮作田温室气体排放规律及排放量估算研究[D].上海:华东师范大学
黄璜,杨志辉,王华,等.2003.湿地稻-鸭复合系统的CH4排放规律[J].生态学报,23(5):929-934
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贾丽娟.2013.洱海北部流域有机固体废物氮磷污染及其控制对策研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学
李成芳,槽凑贵,展茗,等.2008.稻鸭共作生态系统中氧化亚氮排放及温室效应评估[J].中国农业科学,41(9):2895-2901
李世朋,汪景宽.2003.温室气体排放与土壤理化性质的关系研究进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报,34(2):155-159
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刘嘉莉.2011.白洋淀鸭养殖粪便排放规律及源头减排效果研究[D].保定:河北农业大学
吕锦慧.2018.不同耕作措施下旱作农田温室气体排放特征及影响因子[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学
姜珊珊,庞炳坤,张敬沙,等.2017.减氮及不同肥料配施对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].中国环境科学,37(5):1741-1750
Ma Y C,Kong X W,Yang B,et al.2013.Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity of annual rice–wheat rotations with integrated soil–crop system management[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,164(Complete):209-219
马艳芹,钱晨晨,孙丹平,等.2016.施氮水平对稻田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,32(s2):128-134
Mer J L,Roger P.2001.Production,oxidation,emission and consumption of methane by soils:A review[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,37(1):25-50
Nayak D,Saetnan E,Cheng K,et al.2015.Management opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese agriculture[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,209:108-124
Oehme M,Frei M,Razzak M A,et al.2007.Studies on nitrogen cycling under different nitrogen inputs in integrated rice-fish culture in Bangladesh[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,79(2):181-191
Pacey J G,Degier J P.1986.The factors influencing landfill gas production[C]//Energy from landfill gas,proceeding of a conference jointly sponsored by the United Kingdom Department of Energy and the United States Department of Energy
Ple B,Hahn A P,Arth I R,et al.2000.Effects of ammonium-based fertilisation on Micro-bial processes involved in methane emission from soils planted with rice[J].Biogeochemistry,51(3):225-257
齐玉春,董云社.1999.土壤氧化亚氮产生排放及影响因素[J].地理学报,54(6):534-539
沈永平,王国亚.2013.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点[J].冰川冻土,35(5):1068-1076
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孙海妮,岳善超,王仕稳,等.2018.有机肥及补充灌溉对旱地农田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,38(5):2055-2065
Teng Q,Hu X F,Cheng C,et al.2016.Ecological effects of rice-duck integrated farming on soil fertility and weed and pest control[J].Journal of Soils & Sediments,16(10):2395-2407
汤宏,沈健林,刘杰云,等.2016.稻秸的不同组分对水稻土甲烷和二氧化碳排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(7):1125-1133
Wang B,Neue H U,Samonte H P.1997.Effect of cultivar difference (‘IR72’,‘IR65598’ and ‘Dular’) on methane emission[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,62(96):31-40
王丽丽,闫晓君,江瑜,等.2013.超级稻宁粳1号与常规粳稻CH4排放特征的比较分析[J].中国水稻科学,27(4):413-418
王灿,李虹茹,湛方栋,等.2018.UV-B 辐射对元阳梯田稻田土壤活性有机碳含量与温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,37(2):383-391
王强盛.2018.稻田种养结合循环农业温室气体排放的调控与机制[J].中国生态农业学报,26(5):633-642
王强盛,黄丕生,甄若宏,等.2004.稻鸭共作对稻田营养生态及稻米品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,15(4):639-645
吴家梅,纪雄辉,彭华,等.2018.不同有机肥对稻田温室气体排放及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,34(4):162-169
Xu G,Liu X,Wang Q,et al.2017.Integrated rice-duck farming mitigates the global warming potential in rice season[J].Science of the Total Environment,575:58-66
谢义琴,张建峰,姜慧敏,等.2015.不同施肥措施对稻田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,34(3):578-584
熊正琴,张晓旭.2017.氮肥高效施用在低碳农业中的关键作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(6):1433-1440
Yang S S,Liu C M,Lai C M,et al.2003.Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emission from paddy fields and uplands during 1990-2000 in Taiwan[J].Chemosphere,52(8):1295-1305
袁伟玲,曹凑贵,李成芳,等.2009.稻鸭、稻鱼共作生态系统CH4和N2O温室效应及经济效益评估[J].中国农业科学,42(6):2052-2060
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