地质构造及水动力条件对瓦斯赋存的控制作用
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摘要
为了掌握唐家河井田地质构造与水动力条件对瓦斯赋存的影响,基于大量瓦斯参数测试及瓦斯地质资料,深入总结了8号煤层瓦斯赋存区域分布特征,系统分析了地质构造演化、构造应力场及地质构造形态对瓦斯赋存逐级控制作用,采用数据统计和非线性拟合方法定量分析了水动力条件对瓦斯的生气-富集-存储全过程的影响。结果表明:唐家河井田8号煤层东翼瓦斯含量为西翼的1.7倍,且其挥发分小于西翼、镜质组反射率略大于西翼。煤层埋深东翼大于西翼,且与瓦斯涌出量线性相关性较好,其煤层顶板岩性变化较大,西翼则以泥岩为主,相应煤层倾角为西翼的1.5倍,相应煤层厚度及其完整性均强于西翼。研究发现受控于地质构造演化,成煤时期煤层东翼围岩透气性条件较好,并发育有0.2～0.4 m厚的构造煤,煤层埋深整体东深西浅;煤层东翼位于大两会背斜翼部,埋深较深,倾角相对平缓,其构造应力场主要呈现为挤压作用,利于瓦斯保存。成煤时期西翼煤层的水动力活动性较强,导致煤储层古地温略低于东翼,相应煤变质程度稍低,且其煤层完整性相对较差;后期东、西翼瓦斯运移与水流方向相反,分别呈现为水力封堵和水力运移作用,故西翼水动力条件不利于瓦斯的产生及保存。研究发现该井田工作面含水层涌水量与瓦斯涌出量满足对数函数关系,有助于揭示涌水量与瓦斯赋存之间的定量关系。
This paper is devoted to study the influence of geological structure and hydrodynamics on gas occurrence in Tangjiahe coalfield.Based on tests of gas parameters and geological data,the gas distributions of No.8 coal seam are analyzed.The analysis includes the controlling effects of geological structure evolution,tectonic stress field,and geological structure form on gas distributions.Also,hydrodynamic impact on gas generation-enrichment-storage process is analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonlinear regression.The results show that the gas content of east flank is 1.7 times of gas content of west flank.Gas of east flank contains lower volatile contents and higher vitrinite reflectance contents than the west flank.The depth of the east flank if larger than the depth of the west flank and is correlated with gas emission linearly.The roof lithology for east flank varies greatly while the roof of west flank is mainly composed of mudstone.The coal seam dip angle of east flank is 1.5 times of the dig angle of west flank.Gas permeability in east flank is higher than west flank because the geological tectonic evolution developed 0.2 ～ 0.4 m thick tectonic coal during coal-forming period.The east flank is located at an anticline flank in Dalianghui anticline and the main tectonic stress is compression,which is conducive to gas storage.During the coal-forming period,the hydrodynamic activity in west flank was strong,which results in slightly lower ground temperature of coal reservoir,slightly lower coal metamorphism,and poorer coal seam integrity than the east flank.In reserving period,due to gas migration opposite to water flow direction,hydraulic sealing occurred in east flank while hydraulic migration occurred in west flank.The hydrodynamic conditions of west flank go against gas storage.The study also found that the aquifer water inflow is related to face gas emission with a logarithmic relationship,which helps to reveal the mathematical relationship between water inflow and gas occurrence.
This paper is devoted to study the influence of geological structure and hydrodynamics on gas occurrence in Tangjiahe coalfield.Based on tests of gas parameters and geological data,the gas distributions of No.8 coal seam are analyzed.The analysis includes the controlling effects of geological structure evolution,tectonic stress field,and geological structure form on gas distributions.Also,hydrodynamic impact on gas generation-enrichment-storage process is analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonlinear regression.The results show that the gas content of east flank is 1.7 times of gas content of west flank.Gas of east flank contains lower volatile contents and higher vitrinite reflectance contents than the west flank.The depth of the east flank if larger than the depth of the west flank and is correlated with gas emission linearly.The roof lithology for east flank varies greatly while the roof of west flank is mainly composed of mudstone.The coal seam dip angle of east flank is 1.5 times of the dig angle of west flank.Gas permeability in east flank is higher than west flank because the geological tectonic evolution developed 0.2 ～ 0.4 m thick tectonic coal during coal-forming period.The east flank is located at an anticline flank in Dalianghui anticline and the main tectonic stress is compression,which is conducive to gas storage.During the coal-forming period,the hydrodynamic activity in west flank was strong,which results in slightly lower ground temperature of coal reservoir,slightly lower coal metamorphism,and poorer coal seam integrity than the east flank.In reserving period,due to gas migration opposite to water flow direction,hydraulic sealing occurred in east flank while hydraulic migration occurred in west flank.The hydrodynamic conditions of west flank go against gas storage.The study also found that the aquifer water inflow is related to face gas emission with a logarithmic relationship,which helps to reveal the mathematical relationship between water inflow and gas occurrence.
引文
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[15]秦胜飞,宋岩,唐修义,等.水动力条件对瓦斯含量的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):149-153.QIN Shengfei,SONG Yan,TANG Xiuyi,et al. The influence on coal-bed gas content by hydrodynamics-the stagnant groundwater controlling[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):149-153.
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[18]张玉贵,张子敏,张小兵,等.构造煤演化的力化学作用机制[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(10):11-21.ZHANG Yugui,ZHANG Zimin,ZHANG Xiaobing,et al. The chemical mechanism of deformed coal evolution[J].Coal Geology of China,2008,20(10):11-21.
[19]魏书宏,韩少明.沁水煤田南部瓦斯构造控气特征研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(3):30-31.WEI Shuhong,HAN Shaoming.Study of characteristics of structure controlled coalbed gas in Southern Qinshui Coalfield[J]Coal Geology&Exploration,2003,31(3):30-31.
[20]王凤国,李兰杰,徐德红.华北地区煤层含气性影响因素探讨[J].焦作工学院学报:自然科学版,2003,22(2):88-90.WANG Fengguo,LI Lanjie,XU Dehong.Discussion on the impact factors of North China's coal-bed methane[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology:Natural Science,2003,22(2):88-90.
[21]张胜利,陈晓东控制瓦斯含量及可采性的主要地质因素[J].天然气工业,1997,17(4):15-19.ZHANG Shengli,CHEN Xiaodong. Geological controls on content and producibility of coal-bed methane[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(4):15-19.
[22]张胜利.煤层割理及其在瓦斯勘探开发中的意义[J].煤田地质与勘探,1995,23(4):223-228.ZHANG ShengliCoal cleat and its significance in the coal-bed methane exploration and development[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1995,23(4):223-228.
[23]程东,沈芳,冯文光.GIS支持下的沁水煤田南部瓦斯综合地质选区[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(2):188-192.CHENG Dong,SHEN Fang,FENG Wenguang. Synthetical geological selected areas of coal-bed gas reservoirs with the aid of GIS in the south of the Qinshui coal field[J].Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(2):188-192.
[24]吴建光.煤层甲烷地面开发研究现状[J].中国煤田地质,1994,6(4):60-62.WU Jianguang.Research status on coal bed methane surface development[J].Coal Geology of China,1994,6(4):60-62.
[25]冉永良.四川盆地北部周边构造特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007:56-60.
[26]郭璟.四川盆地西北部米仓山地区构造特征分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:12-16.
[27]黄祥宽.区域地质构造及演化对广旺矿区煤层的控制作用[J].中国煤炭,2007,(8):41-43.HUANG Xiangkuan. The control action of regional geological structure and evolution to coal seam in Guangwang mining area[J].China Coal,2007,(8):41-43.
[28] Barker C E.Influence of time on metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter in liquid-dominated geothermal systems western North America[J].Geology,1983(11):384-388.
[2] GAYER R,HARRISI. Coal-bed methane and coal geology[M].London:The Geological Society,1996:1-338.
[3] MALLIKARJUN Pillalamarry,SATYA Harpalani,LIU Shimin.Gas diffusion behavior of coal and its impact on production from coalbed methane reservoirs[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,86:342-348.
[4]周世宁.林柏泉煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999:17-23.
[5]宋岩,赵孟军,柳少波,等.构造演化对瓦斯富集程度的影响[J].科学通报,2005,50(S1):1-5.SONG Yan,ZHAO Mengjun,LIU Shaobo,et al.Tectonic evolution’s influence on the degree of coal-bed methane enrichment[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(S1):1-5.
[6] DAVID P Creedy.Geological controls on the formation and distribution of gas in British coal measure strata[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1988,10(1):1-31.
[7] BIBLER CJ,MARSHALL J S,PILCHER.Status of worldwide coal mine methane emissions and use RC[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1998,35:283-310.
[8]张子敏.瓦斯地质学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:30-35.
[9]方爱民,侯泉林,琚宜文,等.不同层次构造活动对瓦斯成藏的控制作用[J].中国煤田地质,2005,17(4):15-20.FANG Aimin,HOU Quanlin,JU Yiwen,et al. A study on control action of tectonic activity on CBM pool from various hierarchies[J].Coal Geology of China,2005,17(4):15-20.
[10]张国辉,韩军,宋卫华.地质构造形式对瓦斯赋存状态的影响分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,24(1):19-22.ZHANG Guohui,HAN Jun,SONG Weihua.Influence of geological structure on gas existing status[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2005,24(1):19-22.
[11]桑树勋,范炳恒,秦勇,等.瓦斯的封存于富集条件[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):104-107.SANG Shuxun,FAN Bingheng,QIN Yong,et al. Conditions of sealing and accumulation in coal-bed methane[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1999,20(2):104-107.
[12]孙平.瓦斯成藏条件与成藏过程分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007:37-41.
[13]彭信山,刘明举,陈阳,等.含水性及水动力条件对煤层瓦斯逸散与赋存的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S1):93-99.PENG Xinshan,LIU Mingju,CHEN Yang,et al. Controlling role of hydrous and hydrodynamic conditions on gas fugitive and deposition[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S1):93-99.
[14]叶建平,武强,王子和.水文地质条件对瓦斯赋存的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5):459-462.YE Jianping,WU Qiang,WANG Zihe.Controlled characteristics of hydrogeological conditions on the coal-bed methane migration and accumulation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(5):459-462.
[15]秦胜飞,宋岩,唐修义,等.水动力条件对瓦斯含量的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):149-153.QIN Shengfei,SONG Yan,TANG Xiuyi,et al. The influence on coal-bed gas content by hydrodynamics-the stagnant groundwater controlling[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):149-153.
[16] Bustin R M.Heating during thrust faulting in therocky mountain:friction or fiction[J].Tectonophysics,1966,95:309-328.
[17] Cao Y X,Mitchell G D,Davis A,et al. Deformation metamorphism of bituminous and anthracite coals from China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2000,43:227-242.
[18]张玉贵,张子敏,张小兵,等.构造煤演化的力化学作用机制[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(10):11-21.ZHANG Yugui,ZHANG Zimin,ZHANG Xiaobing,et al. The chemical mechanism of deformed coal evolution[J].Coal Geology of China,2008,20(10):11-21.
[19]魏书宏,韩少明.沁水煤田南部瓦斯构造控气特征研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(3):30-31.WEI Shuhong,HAN Shaoming.Study of characteristics of structure controlled coalbed gas in Southern Qinshui Coalfield[J]Coal Geology&Exploration,2003,31(3):30-31.
[20]王凤国,李兰杰,徐德红.华北地区煤层含气性影响因素探讨[J].焦作工学院学报:自然科学版,2003,22(2):88-90.WANG Fengguo,LI Lanjie,XU Dehong.Discussion on the impact factors of North China's coal-bed methane[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology:Natural Science,2003,22(2):88-90.
[21]张胜利,陈晓东控制瓦斯含量及可采性的主要地质因素[J].天然气工业,1997,17(4):15-19.ZHANG Shengli,CHEN Xiaodong. Geological controls on content and producibility of coal-bed methane[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(4):15-19.
[22]张胜利.煤层割理及其在瓦斯勘探开发中的意义[J].煤田地质与勘探,1995,23(4):223-228.ZHANG ShengliCoal cleat and its significance in the coal-bed methane exploration and development[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1995,23(4):223-228.
[23]程东,沈芳,冯文光.GIS支持下的沁水煤田南部瓦斯综合地质选区[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(2):188-192.CHENG Dong,SHEN Fang,FENG Wenguang. Synthetical geological selected areas of coal-bed gas reservoirs with the aid of GIS in the south of the Qinshui coal field[J].Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(2):188-192.
[24]吴建光.煤层甲烷地面开发研究现状[J].中国煤田地质,1994,6(4):60-62.WU Jianguang.Research status on coal bed methane surface development[J].Coal Geology of China,1994,6(4):60-62.
[25]冉永良.四川盆地北部周边构造特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007:56-60.
[26]郭璟.四川盆地西北部米仓山地区构造特征分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010:12-16.
[27]黄祥宽.区域地质构造及演化对广旺矿区煤层的控制作用[J].中国煤炭,2007,(8):41-43.HUANG Xiangkuan. The control action of regional geological structure and evolution to coal seam in Guangwang mining area[J].China Coal,2007,(8):41-43.
[28] Barker C E.Influence of time on metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter in liquid-dominated geothermal systems western North America[J].Geology,1983(11):384-388.
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