自发社会比较对恋人内隐自尊的影响:基于上行与下行比较
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摘要
为探讨自发社会比较对恋人内隐自尊的影响,以及相关任务性在两者关系中的作用。在研究1中,要求66名恋人首先填写恋爱关系满意度调查问卷和完成自发社会比较回忆书写任务,然后进行内隐自尊IAT的测量;研究2以127名恋人为被试,启动相关性自发社会比较任务,探讨相关性任务在自发社会比较对内隐自尊影响中的作用。结果显示:研究1被试在完成自发社会比较任务操纵后,上行比较组恋人内隐自尊得分显著高于下行比较组,且仅男性在上行比较组被试内隐得分显著高于下行比较组;研究2发现任务相关性的主效应不显著,任务相关性不影响自发社会比较中被试内隐自尊水平。结论:自发社会比较影响恋人内隐自尊水平,上行比较损伤男性内隐自尊;相关性任务对自发社会比较对恋人内隐自尊中不起干扰作用。
To investigate the influence of spontaneous social comparison influence on lover'implicit self-esteem,and the role of tasks related in the relationship between the unsolicited social comparison and implicit self-esteem. Methods: In Study 1,66 lovers completed the questionnaire of romantic relationship satisfaction and accomplished the unsolicited social comparison by recall writing task,and then completed the measurement of implicit self-esteem IAT; In Study 2,127 lovers were primed with the related task in unsolicited social comparison,to explore the role of related task in implicit social selfesteem in unsolicited social comparison. Results: In study 1,when subjects accomplished the unsolicited social comparison task,the scores of lovers' implicit self-esteem scores in upward comparison group were significantly higher than the upward comparison group. And only for male subjects,the scores of implicit self-esteem in the upward comparison group,were significantly higher than in the downward comparison group; Study 2 found that there were not significant in the main effect of related task. The related task did not affect the scores of implicit self-esteem in unsolicited social comparison. Conclusion: Unsolicited social comparison affected the level of implicit self-esteem,and male implicit self-esteem was harmed by upward social compared. Unsolicited social comparison impacted implicit self-esteem in lovers,which wasn't disturbed by the related tasks.
To investigate the influence of spontaneous social comparison influence on lover'implicit self-esteem,and the role of tasks related in the relationship between the unsolicited social comparison and implicit self-esteem. Methods: In Study 1,66 lovers completed the questionnaire of romantic relationship satisfaction and accomplished the unsolicited social comparison by recall writing task,and then completed the measurement of implicit self-esteem IAT; In Study 2,127 lovers were primed with the related task in unsolicited social comparison,to explore the role of related task in implicit social selfesteem in unsolicited social comparison. Results: In study 1,when subjects accomplished the unsolicited social comparison task,the scores of lovers' implicit self-esteem scores in upward comparison group were significantly higher than the upward comparison group. And only for male subjects,the scores of implicit self-esteem in the upward comparison group,were significantly higher than in the downward comparison group; Study 2 found that there were not significant in the main effect of related task. The related task did not affect the scores of implicit self-esteem in unsolicited social comparison. Conclusion: Unsolicited social comparison affected the level of implicit self-esteem,and male implicit self-esteem was harmed by upward social compared. Unsolicited social comparison impacted implicit self-esteem in lovers,which wasn't disturbed by the related tasks.
引文
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[15]RATLIFF K A,OISHI S. Gender differences in implicit self-esteem following a romantic partner’s success or failure[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology,2013,105(4):688-702.
[16]蔡华俭,杨治良.内隐自尊的稳定性-成败操纵对内隐自尊的影响[J].心理科学,2003,26(3):461-464.
[17]CORCORAN K,EPSTUDE K,DAMISCH L,et al. Fast similarities:Efficiency advantages of similarity-focused comparisons[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory&Cognition,2011,37(5):1280-1286.
[18]GUIMOND S,CHATARD A,MARTINOT D,et al. Social comparison,self-stereotyping,and gender differences in self-construals[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2006,90(2):221-242.
[19]PAULLHUS D L,JOHN O P. Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception:The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives[J]. Journal of Personality,1998,66(6):1025-1060.
[20]SCHWALLBE M L,STAPLES C L. Gender differences in source of self-esteem[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly,1991,54(2):158-168.
[21]EAGLY A H,KATAU S J. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders[J]. Psychological Review,2002,109(3):573-598.
[22]MUSSWEILER T,EPSTUDE K. Relatively fast! Efficiency advantages of comparative thinking[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology General,2009,138(1):1-21.
[23]杨中芳.试论中国人的自己:理论与研究方向[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009:83-130.
[2] PINKUS R,LOCKWOOD P,SCHIMMACK U,et al. For better and for worse:Everyday comparisons between romantic partners[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2008,9595(5):1180-1201.
[3]WHEELER L,MIYAKE K. Social comparison in everyday life[J]. Journal of Personality&Social Psychology,1992,62(5):760-773.
[4]WOOD J V. Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes[J]. Psychological Bulletin,1989,106(2):231-248.
[5] EASTWICK P W,FINKEL E J. Sex differences inmate preferences revisited:Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner?[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2008,94(2):245-264.
[6]TESSER A,CAMPBELL J. Self-evaluation and the perception of friends and strangers[J]. Journal of Personality,2010,50(3):261-279.
[7]STUART H C,MOON S,CASCIARO T. The Oscar curse:Status dynamics and gender differences in marital survival[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing,2011(1):1-8.
[8]COLLINS R L. For better or worse:The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations[J]. Psychological Bulletin,1996,119(119):51-69.
[9]THAI S,LOCKWOOD P. Comparing you comparing me:Social comparisons of the expanded self[J]. Personality&Social Psychology Bulletin,2015,41(7):989-1004.
[10]付宗国,张承芬.群际情境下向上社会比较信息对自我评价的影响[J].心理科学,2004,27(1):84-87.
[11]TESSER A,CORNEL P D. On the confluence of self processes[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1991,27(6):501-526.
[12]TESSER A,SMITH J. Some effects of task relevance and friendship on helping:You don't always help the one you like[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,1980,16(6):582-590.
[13]CRAWFORD M T. The renegotiation of social identities in response to a threat to self-evaluation maintenance[J].Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2007,43(1):39-47.
[14]韩晓燕,迟毓凯.自发社会比较中的威胁效应及自我平衡策略[J].心理学报,2012,44(12):1628-1640.
[15]RATLIFF K A,OISHI S. Gender differences in implicit self-esteem following a romantic partner’s success or failure[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology,2013,105(4):688-702.
[16]蔡华俭,杨治良.内隐自尊的稳定性-成败操纵对内隐自尊的影响[J].心理科学,2003,26(3):461-464.
[17]CORCORAN K,EPSTUDE K,DAMISCH L,et al. Fast similarities:Efficiency advantages of similarity-focused comparisons[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory&Cognition,2011,37(5):1280-1286.
[18]GUIMOND S,CHATARD A,MARTINOT D,et al. Social comparison,self-stereotyping,and gender differences in self-construals[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2006,90(2):221-242.
[19]PAULLHUS D L,JOHN O P. Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception:The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives[J]. Journal of Personality,1998,66(6):1025-1060.
[20]SCHWALLBE M L,STAPLES C L. Gender differences in source of self-esteem[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly,1991,54(2):158-168.
[21]EAGLY A H,KATAU S J. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders[J]. Psychological Review,2002,109(3):573-598.
[22]MUSSWEILER T,EPSTUDE K. Relatively fast! Efficiency advantages of comparative thinking[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology General,2009,138(1):1-21.
[23]杨中芳.试论中国人的自己:理论与研究方向[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009:83-130.
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