基于热-流-固耦合效应的地质构造控气特征研究
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摘要
地质构造控气特征是煤层气开发潜力评价的基础科学问题。为了揭示不同构造类型模式下煤层气分布特征,以郭家河井田一盘区地质构造精细勘查为研究背景,采用三维地震勘查及多属性融合技术方法,获得郭家河井田一盘区地质构造展布特征,并以一盘区1302回采工作面构造形态为案例,建立考虑热-流-固耦合效应的地质构造控气数值计算模型,分析背斜、断层和向斜的轴部/翼部位置附近煤层气密度、压力、温度和渗透率的变化规律,揭示不同构造部位附近煤层气分布特征。研究结果表明:通过建立考虑煤层热-流-固耦合效应的地质构造控气数值模型,得出厚煤层向斜构造轴部位置是煤层气富集区和抽采有利区,构造轴部位置附近煤层气密度、压力、温度和渗透率参量均较高且出现明显的抬升增长趋势;原始地应力对煤层构造挤压应力集中(无逸散通道)位置附近具有煤层气保压优势、无逸散条件下煤层气压力大于106Pa,原始地应力对断层带张拉作用不利于煤层气保压,而断层带为主要的煤层气逸散通道,断层上下盘位置附近煤层气压力变化有明显波动特征;郭家河井田三维地震勘查厚煤层向斜构造共10条,综合考虑井田煤层气含量和构造控气分布特征,得出一盘区1310工作面东部Xn1向斜轴部和1309工作面中部B6背斜翼部为煤层气抽采有利区。
The tectonics effect on coalbed methane distributions is a scientific challenge in evaluation of extraction potential ability of coalbed methane.To study the distributions of coalbed methane around tectonic settings in coal seams,we select No.1 panel of Guojiahe coal mine as the research background.Detailed tectonic features and geotectonic distributions in No.1 panel have been explored by three-dimensional seismic exploration survey and multi-properties fusion methods.Then,a numerical model was built considering coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model to reveal the tectonic setting such as anticlines,faults and anticline effect on coalbed methane density,pressure,temperature and permeability distribution.The results show that the density,pressure,temperature,and permeability near axis of syncline in thick coal seams are significantly high by using the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model.Original compressive stress maintains the stress for coalbed methane preserving at 106 Pa with non-diffusion conditions.The tension stress is unfavorable for gas preservation and the gas pressure near the fault is various because faults induced by tensional force may provide diffusion channels for gas.Ten synclines in thick coal seam were found using three-dimensional seismic exploration survey in Guojiahe coal mine.According to the gas content distribution under tectonic settings,Xn1 syncline axis section at the eastern side of No.1310 mining face and B6 anticline wing section at the middle of No. 1309 mining face are considered as favorable extraction areas.
The tectonics effect on coalbed methane distributions is a scientific challenge in evaluation of extraction potential ability of coalbed methane.To study the distributions of coalbed methane around tectonic settings in coal seams,we select No.1 panel of Guojiahe coal mine as the research background.Detailed tectonic features and geotectonic distributions in No.1 panel have been explored by three-dimensional seismic exploration survey and multi-properties fusion methods.Then,a numerical model was built considering coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model to reveal the tectonic setting such as anticlines,faults and anticline effect on coalbed methane density,pressure,temperature and permeability distribution.The results show that the density,pressure,temperature,and permeability near axis of syncline in thick coal seams are significantly high by using the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical model.Original compressive stress maintains the stress for coalbed methane preserving at 106 Pa with non-diffusion conditions.The tension stress is unfavorable for gas preservation and the gas pressure near the fault is various because faults induced by tensional force may provide diffusion channels for gas.Ten synclines in thick coal seam were found using three-dimensional seismic exploration survey in Guojiahe coal mine.According to the gas content distribution under tectonic settings,Xn1 syncline axis section at the eastern side of No.1310 mining face and B6 anticline wing section at the middle of No. 1309 mining face are considered as favorable extraction areas.
引文
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[12]刘义生,赵少磊.开平向斜地质构造特征及其对瓦斯赋存的控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1)164-169.LIU Yisheng,ZHAO Shaolei. Geological structural characteristics and their control action on gas occurrence in Kaiping syncline[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):164-169.
[13] GAO Feng,XUE Yi,GAO Yanan,et al. Fully coupled thermohydro-mechanical model for extraction of coal seam gas with slotted boreholes[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,31:226-235.
[14] XIA Tongqiang,ZHOU Fubao,LIU Jishan,et al.A fully coupled hydro-thermo-mechanical model for the spontaneous combustion of underground coal seams[J].Fuel,2014,125(1):106-115.
[15]范俊佳,琚宜文,柳少波,等.不同煤储层条件下煤岩微孔结构及其对煤层气开发的启示[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):441-447.FAN Junjia,JU Yiwen,LIU Shaobo,et al. Micropore structure of coals under different reservoir conditions and its implication for coalbed methane development[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):441-447.
[16]陈金刚,徐平,赖永星,等.煤储层渗透率动态变化效应研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2512-2516.CHEN Jingang,XU Ping,LAI Yongxing,et al. Research on dynamic variation effect of coal reservoirs permeability[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,32(8):2512-2516.
[17]王宏图,黄光利,袁志刚,等.急倾斜上保护层开采瓦斯流-固-气耦合模型及保护范围[J].岩土力学,2014,35(5):1377-1382.WANG Hongtu,HUANG Guangli,YUAN Zhigang,et al. Model of gas leak flow coupled solid and gas for exploiting of steepinclined upper-protective layer and its protection scope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(5):1377-1382.
[18]叶桢妮,侯恩科,段中会,等.不同煤体结构煤的孔隙-裂隙分形特征及其对渗透性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2019.(http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1155. P. 20190403. 1457. 004.html.)YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al. Pores and microfractures fractal characteristics of coals with different coal body structure and its effect on permeability[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2019. http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/61. 1155. P.20190403.1457.004.html.
[19]叶桢妮,侯恩科,段中会,等.郭家河煤矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):57-62.YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui et al. Prediction for gas emission quantity of the working face in Guojiahe coal mine[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):57-62.
[20]韩军,张宏伟.构造演化对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1125-1130.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei. The controlling of tectonic evolution to coal and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1125-1130.
[21] ZHANG Junyan,LIU Dameng,CAI Yidong,et al.Geological and hydrological controls on the accumulation of coalbed methane within the No.3 coal seam of the southern Qinshui Basin[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,182:94-111.
[22]张玉柱,闫江伟,王蔚.基于褶皱中和面的煤层气藏类型[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):153-157.ZHANG Yuzhu,YAN Jiangwei,WANG Wei.Study on the types of coalbed gas deposits based on the fold neutral plane[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(1):153-157.
[23]韩军,张宏伟,霍丙杰.向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):908-913.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei,HUO Bingjie.Discussion of coal and gas outburst mechanism of syncline[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):908-913.
[2] CHEN Shida,TANG Dazhen,TAO Shu,et al.In-situ stress measurements and stress distribution characteristics of coal reservoirs in major coalfields in China:Implication for coalbed methane(CBM)development[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,182:66-84.
[3]唐巨鹏,潘一山,梁政国.断层构造对北票矿区煤层气地表泄漏的影响[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):694-698.TANG Jupeng,PAN Yishan,LIANG Zhengguo. Effect of faults structure on surface gas leakage in Beipiao mining area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):694-698.
[4]刘大锰,王颖晋,蔡益栋.低阶煤层气富集主控地质因素与成藏模式分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):1-8.LIU Dameng,WANG Yingjin,CAI Yidong. Analysis of main geological controls on coalbed methane enrichment and accumulation patterns in low rank coals[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):1-8.
[5]康永尚,孙良忠,张兵,等.中国煤储层渗透率分级方案探讨[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(S1):186-194.KANG Yongshang,SUN Liangzhong,ZHANG Bing,et al.Discussion on classification of coalbed reservoir permeability in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(S1):186-194.
[6]王怀勐,朱炎铭,李伍,等.煤层气赋存的两大地质控制因素[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1129-1134.WANG Huaimeng,ZHU Yanming,LI Wu,et al. Two major geological control factors of occurrence characteristics of CBM[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1129-1134.
[7]王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地叠合演化及构造对成煤作用的控制[J].地学前缘,2017,24(2):54-63.WANG Shuangming. Ordos Basin superposed evolution and structural controls of coal forming activities[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(2):54-63.
[8] YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al.Coal reservoir characterization in a tectonic setting and the effects of tectonism on the coalbed methane(CBM)content[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2019,Article ID 7974628,https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7974628.
[9]彭苏萍,杜文凤,赵伟,等.煤田三维地震综合解释技术在复杂地质条件下的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S1):2760-2765.PENG Suping,DU Wenfeng,ZHAO Wei,et al.3D coalfield seismic integrated interpretation technique in complex geological condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2760-2765.
[10]彭晓波,彭苏萍,詹阁,等.P波方位AVO在煤层裂缝探测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2960-2965.PENG Xiaobo,PENG Suping,ZHAN Ge,et al.P-wave azimuthal AVO analysis of fracture detection in coal and its application to engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2960-2965.
[11]娄杰,孟庆智.构造带附近回采工作面内小构造综合预测研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(S1):180-182.LOU Jie,MENG Qingzhi. Study on comprehensive predicting of small-scale structure within mining face zone nearby[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(S1):180-182.
[12]刘义生,赵少磊.开平向斜地质构造特征及其对瓦斯赋存的控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1)164-169.LIU Yisheng,ZHAO Shaolei. Geological structural characteristics and their control action on gas occurrence in Kaiping syncline[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):164-169.
[13] GAO Feng,XUE Yi,GAO Yanan,et al. Fully coupled thermohydro-mechanical model for extraction of coal seam gas with slotted boreholes[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,31:226-235.
[14] XIA Tongqiang,ZHOU Fubao,LIU Jishan,et al.A fully coupled hydro-thermo-mechanical model for the spontaneous combustion of underground coal seams[J].Fuel,2014,125(1):106-115.
[15]范俊佳,琚宜文,柳少波,等.不同煤储层条件下煤岩微孔结构及其对煤层气开发的启示[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):441-447.FAN Junjia,JU Yiwen,LIU Shaobo,et al. Micropore structure of coals under different reservoir conditions and its implication for coalbed methane development[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):441-447.
[16]陈金刚,徐平,赖永星,等.煤储层渗透率动态变化效应研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2512-2516.CHEN Jingang,XU Ping,LAI Yongxing,et al. Research on dynamic variation effect of coal reservoirs permeability[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,32(8):2512-2516.
[17]王宏图,黄光利,袁志刚,等.急倾斜上保护层开采瓦斯流-固-气耦合模型及保护范围[J].岩土力学,2014,35(5):1377-1382.WANG Hongtu,HUANG Guangli,YUAN Zhigang,et al. Model of gas leak flow coupled solid and gas for exploiting of steepinclined upper-protective layer and its protection scope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(5):1377-1382.
[18]叶桢妮,侯恩科,段中会,等.不同煤体结构煤的孔隙-裂隙分形特征及其对渗透性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2019.(http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1155. P. 20190403. 1457. 004.html.)YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al. Pores and microfractures fractal characteristics of coals with different coal body structure and its effect on permeability[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2019. http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/61. 1155. P.20190403.1457.004.html.
[19]叶桢妮,侯恩科,段中会,等.郭家河煤矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):57-62.YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui et al. Prediction for gas emission quantity of the working face in Guojiahe coal mine[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):57-62.
[20]韩军,张宏伟.构造演化对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1125-1130.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei. The controlling of tectonic evolution to coal and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1125-1130.
[21] ZHANG Junyan,LIU Dameng,CAI Yidong,et al.Geological and hydrological controls on the accumulation of coalbed methane within the No.3 coal seam of the southern Qinshui Basin[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,182:94-111.
[22]张玉柱,闫江伟,王蔚.基于褶皱中和面的煤层气藏类型[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):153-157.ZHANG Yuzhu,YAN Jiangwei,WANG Wei.Study on the types of coalbed gas deposits based on the fold neutral plane[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(1):153-157.
[23]韩军,张宏伟,霍丙杰.向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):908-913.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei,HUO Bingjie.Discussion of coal and gas outburst mechanism of syncline[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):908-913.
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