改革开放40年学校体育政策嬗变的回溯与展望
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摘要
改革开放40年,我国学校体育政策经历了长足的发展和演变。借助文献资料法,对我国改革开放40年来学校体育政策进行了历史梳理和审视,试对其政策演变的阶段特征进行归纳总结,以此为新时代我国学校体育政策的进一步健全发展提供理论依据。研究发现,改革开放40年来,我国学校体育政策演变经历了恢复重建阶段、规范完善阶段和深入发展阶段。纵览各个历史时期的学校体育政策发展,其呈现了顶层设计导向更为鲜明;政策制定主体趋向多元协同;政策内容指向趋向健康第一和政策执行趋向社会资源整合等特征。同时存在政策制定偏于虚化;政策执行路径不畅;政策督导评估体系不完善等问题。新时代学校体育政策的趋向应该服务两大强国战略,凸显学校体育价值;完善政策顶层设计,激发地方学校参与;家庭学校社会结合,完善政策执行体系;多元评价主体参与,确保政策有效执行。以期早日实现学校体育治理体系建设和治理能力现代化。
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China's physical education policy has undergone considerable development and evolution. With the help of the method of documentation,this paper combs and examines the physical education policy in the past 40 years of reform and opening up in China,and tries to summarize the characteristics of its policy evolution stages,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further sound development of physical education policy in the new era. It is found that in the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the evolution of physical education policy in China has gone through the stages of recovery and reconstruction,standardization and improvement,and in-depth development. Overview of the development of physical education policy in various historical periods,it shows that the top-level design orientation is more distinct; the main body of policy-making tends to be multi-coordinated; the policy content tends to be healthy first; and the policy implementation tends to integrate social resources and so on. At the same time,there are some problems,such as policymaking tends to be empty; the path of policy implementation is not smooth; and the system of policy supervision and evaluation is not perfect. The trend of physical education policy in the new era should serve the two strategies powering the nation,highlight the value of school sports; improve the top-level policy design,stimulate the participation of local schools; integrate family and school society,improve the policy implementation system; participate in multiple evaluation subjects,and ensure the effective implementation of the policy. We expect to realize the construction of physical education governance system and modernization of governance capacity as soon as possible.
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China's physical education policy has undergone considerable development and evolution. With the help of the method of documentation,this paper combs and examines the physical education policy in the past 40 years of reform and opening up in China,and tries to summarize the characteristics of its policy evolution stages,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further sound development of physical education policy in the new era. It is found that in the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the evolution of physical education policy in China has gone through the stages of recovery and reconstruction,standardization and improvement,and in-depth development. Overview of the development of physical education policy in various historical periods,it shows that the top-level design orientation is more distinct; the main body of policy-making tends to be multi-coordinated; the policy content tends to be healthy first; and the policy implementation tends to integrate social resources and so on. At the same time,there are some problems,such as policymaking tends to be empty; the path of policy implementation is not smooth; and the system of policy supervision and evaluation is not perfect. The trend of physical education policy in the new era should serve the two strategies powering the nation,highlight the value of school sports; improve the top-level policy design,stimulate the participation of local schools; integrate family and school society,improve the policy implementation system; participate in multiple evaluation subjects,and ensure the effective implementation of the policy. We expect to realize the construction of physical education governance system and modernization of governance capacity as soon as possible.
引文
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[22]高原,刘杰.学校教育要树立“健康第一”的指导思想[J].体育文史,2000(3):32-34.
[23]苏君阳.我国区县教育督导体制的现状、问题及对策[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2008(4):59-62.
[2]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利[N].人民日报,2017-10-18(01).
[3]张文鹏.中国学校体育政策的发展与改革研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2015.
[4]黄甜甜.学校体育政策的本质研究[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2013.
[5]王书彦.学校体育政策执行力及其评价指标体系实证研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2009.
[6]高晓峰.中国学校体育政策变迁研究(1904-2014)[D].北京:北京体育大学,2017.
[7]THOMAS B.Smith.The Police Implementation Process[J].Policy Science,1973(4):1.
[8]潘凌云,王健,樊莲香.我国学校体育政策执行的制约因素与路径选择:基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析[J].体育科学,2015,35(7):27-34,73.
[9]刘宁,刘静尼,张威.改革开放以来我国学校体育政策、法规演变脉络之研究[J].体育科学,2009,29(12):88-92.
[10]高晓峰,陈少青.建国初期我国学校体育政策变迁研究(1949-1978)[J].中国学校体育(高等教育),2018,5(4):12-18.
[11]杨雅晰.建国以来学校体育学习评价历史沿革[D].北京:北京体育大学,2018.
[12]中共中央国务院.中国教育改革和发展纲要(中发[1993]3号)[Z],1993.
[13]教育部.中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革,全面推进素质教育的决定[EB/OL].(1999-06-13)[2019-02-01].http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/moe_177/200407/2478.html.
[14]教育部.教育部办公厅关于印发《全国学校体育卫生工作经验交流会会议纪要》的通知[EB/OL].(1999-12-30)[2019-02-01].http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A17/moe_798/tnull_1090.html.
[15]教育部国家体育总局关于进一步加强学校体育工作切实提高学生健康素质的意见[EB/OL].(2006-12-20)[2019-02-01].http://old.moe.gov.cn//publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/moe_1463/200704/21505.html.
[16]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见[EB/OL].(2007-05-07)[2019-02-01].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2007-05/24/content_625090.htm.
[17]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅转发教育部等部门关于进一步加强学校体育工作若干意见的通知(国办发[2012]53号)[EB/OB].(2012-10-22)[2019-02-01].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-10/29/content_2252887.htm.
[18]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于强化学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见(国办发[2016]27号)[EB/OB].(2016-05-06)[2019-02-01].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-05/06/content_5070778.htm.
[19]陈广胜.走向善治[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007:124-125.
[20]教育部.国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)[EB/OL].(2010-07-29)[2019-02-01].http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/info_list/201407/xxgk_171904.html.
[21]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中共中央国务院关于强化学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见[EB/OL].(2016-05-06)[2019-02-01].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-05/06/content_5070778.htm.
[22]高原,刘杰.学校教育要树立“健康第一”的指导思想[J].体育文史,2000(3):32-34.
[23]苏君阳.我国区县教育督导体制的现状、问题及对策[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2008(4):59-62.
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