外来药用资源的中药药性研究策略
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摘要
陆上"丝绸之路"和"海上丝绸之路"不仅是古代主要传统医学体系药物交流及海外药物输入我国的重要通路,也是连接当今草药使用最广泛、市场交易最活跃区域的关键纽带。该文聚焦外来药用资源的"中药化",提出中药新资源应满足的4个基本条件是药材基原清楚、临床使用安全、功能定位清晰和具有中药药性特征;其中,中药药性是外来药用资源"中药化"的关键科学问题,其研究策略可概括为"跨医学体系外来药用资源的药性求同解异分析""以类‘象’中药为媒介的外来药用资源辨象取类"和"复方环境下的外来药用资源‘象-性-用’定位研究"。
The Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road were the important accesses for the exchanges of herbal medicine between the primary traditional medical systems in the ancient world,which also are the strategic links between the areas with herbal medicine widely used and the most active markets for herbs at present. This article focuses on the foreign medicinal resources introduced to traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) in China. As new resources of Chinese Materia Medica( CMM),the four basic conditions should be required,which are the clear origin,the safety and effectiveness in clinical,the efficacy and properties described with theory of TCM.Medicinal property is the key scientific problem of foreign medicinal resources introduced to TCM. The research strategies include three aspects. Medicinal properties of foreign medicinal resources will be deduced and analyzed across multiple medical systems by solving the difference depending on finding the similarities of traditional medical systems. The medicinal properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be identified by identifying Xiang and selecting similar CMM. And Xiang-properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be researched under formulae environment using medicinal properties.
The Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road were the important accesses for the exchanges of herbal medicine between the primary traditional medical systems in the ancient world,which also are the strategic links between the areas with herbal medicine widely used and the most active markets for herbs at present. This article focuses on the foreign medicinal resources introduced to traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) in China. As new resources of Chinese Materia Medica( CMM),the four basic conditions should be required,which are the clear origin,the safety and effectiveness in clinical,the efficacy and properties described with theory of TCM.Medicinal property is the key scientific problem of foreign medicinal resources introduced to TCM. The research strategies include three aspects. Medicinal properties of foreign medicinal resources will be deduced and analyzed across multiple medical systems by solving the difference depending on finding the similarities of traditional medical systems. The medicinal properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be identified by identifying Xiang and selecting similar CMM. And Xiang-properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be researched under formulae environment using medicinal properties.
引文
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[2] Tang K,Li Z,Li W,et al.China's Silk Road and global health[J].Lancet,2017,390(10112):2595.
[3]金素安,郭忻.外来药物传入史略——先秦至隋唐五代时期[J].中医药文化,2011(1):25.
[4]吴孟华,赵中振,曹晖.唐宋外来药物的输入与中药化[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(21):4076.
[5]唐义净.南海寄归法传[M].北京:中华书局,1995.
[6] Heyadri M,Hashempur M H,Ayati M H,et al. The use of Chinese herbal drugs in Islamic medicine[J]. J Integr Med,2015,13(6):363.
[7]金素安,郭忻.外来药物传入史略——宋金元至明清时期[J].中医药文化,2011(2):23.
[8]刑军.海外扩充中药资源的设想[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(6):801.
[9]张小波,吕冬梅,黄璐琦,等.基于“一带一路”的外来中药资源开发探讨[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(7):1501.
[10]白吉庆,林青青,黄璐琦.“丝路中药”初探[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(6):793.
[11]刘珊,王永春,滕佳琳.法象药理与中药自然属性的相关性研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2016,36(3):370.
[12]王永炎.后现代中医药学科学性的研讨[J].北京中医药大学学报,2017,40(10):797.
[13]刘涛,万德光.历版药品注册管理法规中有关中药新资源的技术要求及其进展[J].药学与临床研究,2008,16(2):143.
[14]张建军,王淳,费文婷,等.外来药物“中药化”的研究思路与策略[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(4):1425.
[15] Fabricant D S,Farnsworth N R. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2001,109(Suppl 1):69.
[16] Cordell G A,Colvard M D. Natural products and traditional medicine:turning on a paradigm[J]. J Nat Prod,2012,75(3):514.
[17] Houghton P J. The role of plants in traditional medicine and current therapy[J]. J Altern Complement Med,1995,1(2):131.
[18] Azaizeh H,Saad B,Cooper E,et al. Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine,a re-emerging health aid[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2010,7(4):419.
[19]李志勇,杨永强,李林森,等.民族药药性理论的规范化探讨[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(12):2356.
[20] Parasuraman S,Thing G S,Dhanaraj S A. Polyherbal formulation:concept of Ayurveda[J]. Pharmacogn Rev,2014,8(16):73.
[21]宋岘.古代波斯医学与中国[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2001:147.
[22] Polito L,Bortolotti M,Maiello S,et al. Plants producing ribosome-inactivating proteins in traditional medicine[J]. Molecules,2016,21(1560):1.
[23] Alrawi S N,Fetters M D. Traditional Arabic&Islamic medicine:a conceptual model for clinicians and researchers[J]. Glob J Health Sci,2012,4(3):164.
[24] Jaiswal Y,Liang Z,Zhao Z. Botanical drugs in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2016,194:245.
[25] Shikov A N,Pozharitskaya O N,Makarov V G,et al. Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2014,154(3):481.
[26] Yu E,Amri H. China's other medical systems:recognizing Uyghur,Tibetan,and Mongolian traditional medicines[J]. Glob Adv Health Med,2016,5(1):79.
[27]李志勇,柴兴云,袁涛,等.互鉴互融——论民族药的现代研究思路[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(7):1213.
[28]杨文娟,聂佳,贾敏如,等.一带一路视野下传统医药的互联共存——以印度阿育吠陀医药、中医药和藏医药为例[J].辽宁中医杂志,2017,44(9):1805.
[29]贾敏如,张艺,严铸云,等.中国民族药的品种和使用现状[J].世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2015,15(7):1547.
[30]阿不都热依木·卡地尔·阿塔哥.中国新疆维吾尔医药学[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,2012:160.
[31]包纳日斯.蒙医治疗原则与方法学[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,2014:21.
[32]苏都毕力格,宝音图.蒙医病机理论与学术创新[J].亚太传统医药,2015,11(9):14.
[33]穆罕默德·哈施米普.亚洲的两种传统医学基本原理比较:中医学和阿育吠陀[J].环球中医药,2010,3(1):42.
[34] Mukherjee P K,Nema N K,Venkatesh P,et al. Changing scenario for promotion and development of Ayurveda--way forward[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2012,143(2):424.
[35] Kim J Y,Pham D D,Koh B H. Comparison of sasang constitutional medicine,traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2011,8(1):1.
[36] Saad B,Azaizeh H,Said O. Tradition and perspectives of arab herbal medicine:a review[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2005,2(4):475.
[37]唐仕欢,杨洪军,黄璐琦.论中药药性的概念、形成及其意义[J].中医杂志,2010,51(4):293.
[38]唐仕欢,杨洪军,黄璐琦.论自然环境因子变化对中药药性形成的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(1):126.
[39]王鹏,王振国,薛付忠,等.基于支持向量机法的中药性状与药性相关性研究[J].江西中医药,2012,43(355):65.
[40]张永清,王鹏,纪玉佳,等.中药药性物质论[J].山东中医药大学学报,2011,35(4):291.
[41]蒋俊,贾晓斌,陈斌,等.基于组分结构假说构建中药药性矢量结构方程[J].中草药,2012,43(3):422.
[42] Fu J,Pang J,Zhao X,et al. The quantitative ideas and methods in assessment of four properties of Chinese medicinal herbs[J].Cell Biochem Biophys,2015,71(3):1307.
[43]黄璐琦.论中药药性理论的研究方向[J].中药与临床,2011,2(2):1.
[44] Mradu Gupta,B P Shaw. Uses of medicinal plants in Panchakarma Ayurvedic therapy[J]. Indian J Tradit Know,2009,8(3):372.
[45] Anwar F,Latif S,Ashraf M,et al. Moringa oleifera:a food plant with multiple medicinal uses[J]. Phytother Res,2007,21(1):17.
[46]贺娟.科学方法论视野下的取象思维[J].北京中医药大学学报,2012,35(12):797.
[47]唐仕欢,黄璐明,杨洪军,等.论象思维对中药药性形成的影响[J].中医杂志,2009,50(6):485.
[48] Cordell G A,Colvard M D. Natural products and traditional medicine:turning on a paradigm[J]. J Nat Prod,2012,75(3):514.
[49]肖培根.植物亲缘关系、化学成分和疗效间的联系性[J].药学通报,1978(1):1.
[50]陈四保,彭勇,陈士林,等.药用植物亲缘学[J].世界科学技术——中医药现代化,2005,7(6):97.
[51]赖新梅,杨雪梅,陈梅妹,等.基于植物亲缘关系的重要功效频数统计分析[J].情报探索,2014(2):18.
[52]曹佳,王耘.基于化学成分关系药物网的亲缘植物药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2013,36(3):453.
[53]杨洪军,李振坤,唐仕欢,等.基于亲缘关系的中药药性研究模式探索与实践[C].贵阳:全国中药学术研讨会,2009:144.
[54]杨洪军,唐仕欢,黄璐琦,等.基于亲缘关系的中药药性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(24):2983.
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