中国部分少数民族中小学生视力不良流行特征分析
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摘要
目的了解中国13个省、自治区26个少数民族中小学生近视、远视及其他眼病现状与流行特征。方法利用2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中的80 631名7～18岁少数民族学生视力数据进行分析,针对视力不良者使用串镜判断眼病种类,并采用χ~2检验与汉族进行比较。结果 2014年中国26个少数民族中小学生眼病检出率为38.55%,且随着学段的提高不断上升。有34.00%的学生疑似近视,占视力不良分类的88.20%,3.30%的学生疑似远视,1.25%的学生疑似其他眼病。各学段女生视力不良比例均高于男生,性别间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 005.244,P <0.01)。小学低年级男生疑似近视率最低,为15.69%,高中女生疑似近视率最高,为56.23%;疑似近视、远视、其他眼病及总体检出率最高的民族分别为藏族(62.90%)、维吾尔族(17.38%)、哈萨克族(8.07%)和藏族(62.94%),较低的民族分别为维吾尔族(1.71%)、土家族及傣族和藏族(0%)、朝鲜族(0%)和水族(14.01%),民族间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7 900.163,P <0.001)。结论中国26个少数民族中小学生视力水平差异显著且低于汉族,藏族小学生和壮族初、高中学生,尤其是女生应是今后视力防控治理的重点关注人群。
Objective To examine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and other eye diseases among minority primary and secondary school students of 26 minorities in 13 province level regions in China. Methods We extracted eyesight test data for 80 631 primary and middle school students at ages of 7–18 years from the dataset of Survey on Constitution and Health of Chinese Students conducted across China in 2014. The types of poor eyesight were detected with a group of test lenses. Chi-square test was adopted to assess the difference in eyesight between the minority students and Han students.Results Among the minority students, the overall detection rate of poor eyesight was 38.55% and the detection rate increased with the schooling grade. Of the students, 34.00% were detected with suspected myopia, accounting for 88.20% of all the poor visions detected; 3.30% were detected with suspected hyperopia and 1.25% with other suspected poor eyesight.The proportion of girl students with poor eyesight was significantly higher than that of boy students in various schooling grades(χ~2 = 1 005.244,P < 0.01). The detection rate of suspected myopia was the lowest(15.69%) among primary boy students of lower grades but the highest(56.23%) among the high school girl students. The detection rate of suspected myopia, hyperopia, other poor eyesight, and all poor eyesight were much higher among the students of Tibetan(62.90%),Uygur(17.38%), Kazak(8.07%), and Tibetans(62.94%) but much lower among the students of Uygur(1.71%), Tujia/Dai/Tibetan(0%), Korean(0%), and Shui(14.01%), respectively, the differences between ethnic groups were statistically significant( χ~2 = 7 900.163, P < 0.001). Conclusion The visual acuity is significantly lower among the primary and secondary school students of 26 ethnic minorities than among the Han students in China. Tibetan primary school students and Zhuang junior and senior high school students, especially girl student, are key groups for the prevention and control of poor eyesight.
Objective To examine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and other eye diseases among minority primary and secondary school students of 26 minorities in 13 province level regions in China. Methods We extracted eyesight test data for 80 631 primary and middle school students at ages of 7–18 years from the dataset of Survey on Constitution and Health of Chinese Students conducted across China in 2014. The types of poor eyesight were detected with a group of test lenses. Chi-square test was adopted to assess the difference in eyesight between the minority students and Han students.Results Among the minority students, the overall detection rate of poor eyesight was 38.55% and the detection rate increased with the schooling grade. Of the students, 34.00% were detected with suspected myopia, accounting for 88.20% of all the poor visions detected; 3.30% were detected with suspected hyperopia and 1.25% with other suspected poor eyesight.The proportion of girl students with poor eyesight was significantly higher than that of boy students in various schooling grades(χ~2 = 1 005.244,P < 0.01). The detection rate of suspected myopia was the lowest(15.69%) among primary boy students of lower grades but the highest(56.23%) among the high school girl students. The detection rate of suspected myopia, hyperopia, other poor eyesight, and all poor eyesight were much higher among the students of Tibetan(62.90%),Uygur(17.38%), Kazak(8.07%), and Tibetans(62.94%) but much lower among the students of Uygur(1.71%), Tujia/Dai/Tibetan(0%), Korean(0%), and Shui(14.01%), respectively, the differences between ethnic groups were statistically significant( χ~2 = 7 900.163, P < 0.001). Conclusion The visual acuity is significantly lower among the primary and secondary school students of 26 ethnic minorities than among the Han students in China. Tibetan primary school students and Zhuang junior and senior high school students, especially girl student, are key groups for the prevention and control of poor eyesight.
引文
[1]新闻联播必读.新闻联播必读:中国儿童青少年近视率世界第一防治指南发布[EB/OL].[2018-07-21].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20180721/59323874_0.shtml.
[2]Sun HP,Li A,Xu Y,et al.Secular trends of reduced visual acuityfrom 1985 to 2010 and disease burden projection for 2020 and2030 among primary and secondary school students in China[J].JAMA Ophthalmol,2015,133(3):262-268.
[3]中国学生体质与健康调研组.2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:763-789.
[4]全国学生体质健康调研组教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司.2014年全国学生体质与健康调研手册[M].北京:教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司,2014:41-44.
[5]宋逸,胡佩瑾,董彦会,等.2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2017,49(3):433-438.
[6]王婷婷,王茜,王燕,等.乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族中学生近视遗传度调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(2):205-207.
[7]许凤鸣,张彦勤,娄晓民,等.河南省中小学生1985-2014年视力不良动态分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(12):1756-1759.
[8]张晓梅,芦静.包头市2014-2016年中小学生常见病检测结果分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(12):1682-1684.
[9]曾进霞,龙文进,庞晓鹏,等.少数民族农村贫困地区学生健康的民族差异及原因分析[J].兰州学刊,2016,273(6):193-202.
[10]杨晓玮,张少斌.近视相关影响因素的研究进展[J].国际眼科杂志,2017,17(10):1871-1873.
[11]甘嘉禾,李仕明,康梦田,等.近视的社会影响因素研究现状[J].眼科新进展,2018,38(11):1094-1096.
[12]关宏宇,黄珏2),杜康.西部农村小学生不同年份视力不良比较分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(8):1097-1101.
[13]裴晨璐,陶黎明,许韶君,等.中国不同民族中小学生视力保健行为与近视患病的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1292-1294.
[14]温跃春,梁莉,文磊,等.安徽省中小学生视力不良和近视流行现状[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(12):1831-1834.
[15]白剑峰.我国近视人数已超4.5亿[N].人民日报,2018-06-05(013).
[16]白雪,杨云娇,罗卜藏,等.甘肃藏区2013-2017年中学生营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(7):1073-1075.
[17]阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯,阿迪力江·色里木,艾热提·买提热依木.新疆少数民族青少儿1985-2014年身体形态发育状况的动态分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2017,43(4):100-104.
[18]樊学惠,谢慎威.西藏日喀则地区2 360名18岁藏族学生体质调查研究[J].重庆医学,2015,44(33):4697-4699.
[19]罗文伟,韩松林,冯秀敏,等.阿克苏市维吾尔族汉族中小学生视力不良现状[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(4):574-576.
[20]樊泽民,刘利京.全面加强儿童青少年近视防控和视力健康[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(8):1121-1123.
[21]李小伟,程墨.青少年近视防控的“武汉经验”[N].中国教育报,2018-11-01(001).
[22]杜园春,王涵.67.8%受访者认为学校在预防改善学生近视上做的不够[N].中国青年报,2018-01-30(007).
[2]Sun HP,Li A,Xu Y,et al.Secular trends of reduced visual acuityfrom 1985 to 2010 and disease burden projection for 2020 and2030 among primary and secondary school students in China[J].JAMA Ophthalmol,2015,133(3):262-268.
[3]中国学生体质与健康调研组.2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:763-789.
[4]全国学生体质健康调研组教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司.2014年全国学生体质与健康调研手册[M].北京:教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司,2014:41-44.
[5]宋逸,胡佩瑾,董彦会,等.2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2017,49(3):433-438.
[6]王婷婷,王茜,王燕,等.乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族中学生近视遗传度调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(2):205-207.
[7]许凤鸣,张彦勤,娄晓民,等.河南省中小学生1985-2014年视力不良动态分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(12):1756-1759.
[8]张晓梅,芦静.包头市2014-2016年中小学生常见病检测结果分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(12):1682-1684.
[9]曾进霞,龙文进,庞晓鹏,等.少数民族农村贫困地区学生健康的民族差异及原因分析[J].兰州学刊,2016,273(6):193-202.
[10]杨晓玮,张少斌.近视相关影响因素的研究进展[J].国际眼科杂志,2017,17(10):1871-1873.
[11]甘嘉禾,李仕明,康梦田,等.近视的社会影响因素研究现状[J].眼科新进展,2018,38(11):1094-1096.
[12]关宏宇,黄珏2),杜康.西部农村小学生不同年份视力不良比较分析[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(8):1097-1101.
[13]裴晨璐,陶黎明,许韶君,等.中国不同民族中小学生视力保健行为与近视患病的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1292-1294.
[14]温跃春,梁莉,文磊,等.安徽省中小学生视力不良和近视流行现状[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(12):1831-1834.
[15]白剑峰.我国近视人数已超4.5亿[N].人民日报,2018-06-05(013).
[16]白雪,杨云娇,罗卜藏,等.甘肃藏区2013-2017年中学生营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(7):1073-1075.
[17]阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯,阿迪力江·色里木,艾热提·买提热依木.新疆少数民族青少儿1985-2014年身体形态发育状况的动态分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2017,43(4):100-104.
[18]樊学惠,谢慎威.西藏日喀则地区2 360名18岁藏族学生体质调查研究[J].重庆医学,2015,44(33):4697-4699.
[19]罗文伟,韩松林,冯秀敏,等.阿克苏市维吾尔族汉族中小学生视力不良现状[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(4):574-576.
[20]樊泽民,刘利京.全面加强儿童青少年近视防控和视力健康[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(8):1121-1123.
[21]李小伟,程墨.青少年近视防控的“武汉经验”[N].中国教育报,2018-11-01(001).
[22]杜园春,王涵.67.8%受访者认为学校在预防改善学生近视上做的不够[N].中国青年报,2018-01-30(007).
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