皮花叶茎及全草类药材商品规格等级标准——以牡丹皮 杜仲 金银花等7种药材为例
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摘要
目的:介绍皮类、叶类、花类、茎木类、全草类药材商品规格标准制订的方法及依据。方法:以牡丹皮、杜仲、金银花等7种皮类、叶类、花类、茎木类以及全草类药材为例,对其商品规格等级划分进行介绍,总结出该类药材商品规格等级划分的主要依据。结果:介绍了牡丹皮、杜仲、金银花、淫羊藿、桂枝、鸡血藤、薄荷7种药材商品规格等级标准,并总结了皮类、全草、叶类、花类、茎木类、全草类药材商品规格等级划分的依据。结论:皮类药材主要按照长度、直径、皮的厚度、去除非药用部位的程度等划分等级;花叶类药材主要按照花的非药用部位多少、加工过程导致的褐变、花蕾药材的开花率、含杂质率、破碎率、色泽、气味等划分等级;叶类主要根据叶所含的比例及其完整度划分等级;茎类中药主要按照加工方法、是否野生、长度、直径等与大小性状相关指标划分等级;全草类大多为统货。
Objective:To introduce the method and basis for revising standards of commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of cortexes,leaves,flowers,stalks and herbas.Methods:Taking seven kinds of medicinal materials such as Moutan Cortex,Eucommiae Cortex,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Epimedii Folium,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Spatholobi Caulis and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba as examples,commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of them were introduced,and the main classification bases were summarized.Results:Standards of commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of Moutan Cortex,Eucommiae Cortex,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Epimedii Folium,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Spatholobi Caulis,Menthae Haplocalycis Herba were introduced,and main classification basises of cortexes,flowers,leaves,stalks and herbas were summarized.Conclusion:Cortexes were mainly classified according to length,diameter,thickness of skin and degree of removing non-medicinal parts.Flowers were classified according to the number of non-medicinal parts of flowers,browning caused by processing,flowering rate,impurity content,breakage rate,color and odor of flower buds.Leaves were classified according to the proportion and integrity of leaves.Stalks were classified according to processing methods,wildness,length,diameter and other related indicators.Most of the product specifications of the herbas were the unified goods.
Objective:To introduce the method and basis for revising standards of commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of cortexes,leaves,flowers,stalks and herbas.Methods:Taking seven kinds of medicinal materials such as Moutan Cortex,Eucommiae Cortex,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Epimedii Folium,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Spatholobi Caulis and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba as examples,commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of them were introduced,and the main classification bases were summarized.Results:Standards of commercial grades for Chinese materia medica of Moutan Cortex,Eucommiae Cortex,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Epimedii Folium,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Spatholobi Caulis,Menthae Haplocalycis Herba were introduced,and main classification basises of cortexes,flowers,leaves,stalks and herbas were summarized.Conclusion:Cortexes were mainly classified according to length,diameter,thickness of skin and degree of removing non-medicinal parts.Flowers were classified according to the number of non-medicinal parts of flowers,browning caused by processing,flowering rate,impurity content,breakage rate,color and odor of flower buds.Leaves were classified according to the proportion and integrity of leaves.Stalks were classified according to processing methods,wildness,length,diameter and other related indicators.Most of the product specifications of the herbas were the unified goods.
引文
[1] 石磊,张承程,郭兰萍,等.关于厚朴药材商品规格等级标准的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(3):450-454.
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[4] 李伟,王丽楠,覃洁萍,等.高效液相色谱法测定不同生长年限杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量[J].中国药业,2009,18(21):5-6.
[5] 林登峰,孙晓妮.不同采收期对金银花绿原酸含量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(11):241,243.
[6] 丁立威.花类药材产供销趋势分析[J].特种经济动植物,2014,17(12):14-15.
[7] 龚黎明,甘我挺,郭宝林,等.薄荷款冬花等9种全草叶及花类药材商品电子交易规格等级标准[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(11):1422-1427.
[8] 余永亮,许兰杰,杨红旗,等.河南花类道地药材资源的区域分布及其产业现状分析研究[J].中国中药杂志,2019,44(5):899-904.
[9] 薛运浩.全草类中药金钱草、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草、药用青蒿、半枝莲的正品及其易混品的性状鉴别[J].中医临床研究,2015,7(26):40-41.
[10] 毕春玲,李晓辉,张新晓.全草类6种中药材的真伪鉴别[J].淮海医药,2011,29(3):255-256.
[11] 邓严冰,甘我挺,郭宝林,等.桂枝地骨皮等5种藤茎及皮类药材商品电子交易规格等级标准[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(11):1410-1415.
[12] 陈孔荣,张燕花.常用皮类药材的性状鉴别[J].浙江中医学院学报,1997,21(6):48.
[13] 康帅,鲁静,张继,等.淫羊藿《中国药典》品的基原调查及性状显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志,2018,48(4):696-703.
[14] 祝之友.淫羊藿鉴别要点[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2018,16(21):41.
[2] 邓爱平.牡丹皮质量评价及商品规格研究[D].广州:广东药科大学,2018.
[3] 严颖.杜仲药材的品质评价研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2018.
[4] 李伟,王丽楠,覃洁萍,等.高效液相色谱法测定不同生长年限杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量[J].中国药业,2009,18(21):5-6.
[5] 林登峰,孙晓妮.不同采收期对金银花绿原酸含量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017(11):241,243.
[6] 丁立威.花类药材产供销趋势分析[J].特种经济动植物,2014,17(12):14-15.
[7] 龚黎明,甘我挺,郭宝林,等.薄荷款冬花等9种全草叶及花类药材商品电子交易规格等级标准[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(11):1422-1427.
[8] 余永亮,许兰杰,杨红旗,等.河南花类道地药材资源的区域分布及其产业现状分析研究[J].中国中药杂志,2019,44(5):899-904.
[9] 薛运浩.全草类中药金钱草、紫花地丁、白花蛇舌草、药用青蒿、半枝莲的正品及其易混品的性状鉴别[J].中医临床研究,2015,7(26):40-41.
[10] 毕春玲,李晓辉,张新晓.全草类6种中药材的真伪鉴别[J].淮海医药,2011,29(3):255-256.
[11] 邓严冰,甘我挺,郭宝林,等.桂枝地骨皮等5种藤茎及皮类药材商品电子交易规格等级标准[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(11):1410-1415.
[12] 陈孔荣,张燕花.常用皮类药材的性状鉴别[J].浙江中医学院学报,1997,21(6):48.
[13] 康帅,鲁静,张继,等.淫羊藿《中国药典》品的基原调查及性状显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志,2018,48(4):696-703.
[14] 祝之友.淫羊藿鉴别要点[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2018,16(21):41.
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