新疆江鳕染色体核型分析和形态特征研究
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摘要
为了解江鳕(Lota lota)细胞遗传学数据信息,采用PHA和秋水仙素腹腔注射、肾细胞空气干燥制片法,测定江鳕染色体核型,并观察江鳕形态特征。结果表明,江鳕二倍体染色体数目为2n=48,核型公式为12m+18sm+14st+4t,染色体总臂数NF=78,未发现随体、次缢痕和异型性染色体。染色体相对最大长度为6.83±0.31,最小为2.06±0.17。江鳕主要形态特征为体圆长形,后部侧扁,颏部正中具颏须1枚,侧线后部侧中位且常不完全,背鳍两个,腹鳍喉位;其鳍式为背鳍D.i～iii-10～13,i～ii-65～92,胸鳍P.i-16～17,腹鳍V.0-7,臀鳍A.0-64～84;鳔一室,脊椎骨总数为58～67,左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数8～12。通过与鳕科其他鱼类染色体核型比较结合形态学特征分析,推断江鳕在进化上属于较为特化的类群。
Head-kidney tissue of burbot(Lota lota)was analyzed by the PHA-colchicine injection and air drying methods to understand the cytogenetic information.Besides,the karyotype and morphological characteristics of L.lota were also measured.The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of burbot was 48.The karyotype formula was 12 m+18 sm+14 st+4 t.The total arm number of chromosome was 78.Satellite chromosome,secondary constrictions and sex chromosome were not found in burbot.The relative maximum length of chromosome was 6.83±0.31,while the minimum was measured as 2.06±0.17.The main body shape of burbot was cylindrical with a flat rear side.There was one chin barbel in the middle of the mentum.It had two dorsal fins and the pelvic fins near the laryngeal.The posterior lateral line was often incomplete.The fin formula was D.i-iii-10～13,i-ii-65～92,P.i-16～17,V.0-7 and A.0-64～84.The total number of vertebrae was from 58 to 67 and the lateral gill raker number of the left first gill arch was 8～12.By comparing the karyotypes with other Gadidae fishes and analyzing its morphological characteristics,we speculated that burbot might be a specialized species during the evolutionary history.
Head-kidney tissue of burbot(Lota lota)was analyzed by the PHA-colchicine injection and air drying methods to understand the cytogenetic information.Besides,the karyotype and morphological characteristics of L.lota were also measured.The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of burbot was 48.The karyotype formula was 12 m+18 sm+14 st+4 t.The total arm number of chromosome was 78.Satellite chromosome,secondary constrictions and sex chromosome were not found in burbot.The relative maximum length of chromosome was 6.83±0.31,while the minimum was measured as 2.06±0.17.The main body shape of burbot was cylindrical with a flat rear side.There was one chin barbel in the middle of the mentum.It had two dorsal fins and the pelvic fins near the laryngeal.The posterior lateral line was often incomplete.The fin formula was D.i-iii-10～13,i-ii-65～92,P.i-16～17,V.0-7 and A.0-64～84.The total number of vertebrae was from 58 to 67 and the lateral gill raker number of the left first gill arch was 8～12.By comparing the karyotypes with other Gadidae fishes and analyzing its morphological characteristics,we speculated that burbot might be a specialized species during the evolutionary history.
引文
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[14]林义浩.快速获得大量鱼类肾细胞中期分裂相的PHA体内注射法[J].水产学报,1982,6(3):201-208.
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[18] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:34-55.
[19] 水柏年,赵盛龙,韩志强,等.鱼类学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015:251-257.
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[21]Pivnicka K.Morphological variation in the burbot,Lota lota and recognition of the subspecies:a review[J].J Fish Res Board Can,1970,27(10):1757-1765.
[22] VanHoudt J K,Hellemans B,Volckaert F A M.Phylogenetic relationships among Palearctic and Nearctic burbot(Lota lota):Pleistocene extinctions and recolonization[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,2003,29(3):599-612.
[23]Ohno S.Evolution by gene duplication[M].New York:Springer-Verlag Publishing Company,1970:15-18.
[24] Jones F C,Grabherr M G,Chan Y F,et al.The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks[J].Nature,2012,484:55-61.
[25] Arai R.Fish karyotypes:a check list [M].New York:Springer-Verlag Publishing Company,2011:131.
[26]李树深.鱼类细胞分类学[J].生物科学动态,1981,2:8-15.
[2]郭焱,张人铭,蔡林钢,等.新疆鱼类志[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学与技术出版社,2012:184-185.
[3]徐革锋,王裕玉,白庆利,等.江鳕肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(12):3027-3032.
[4]徐革锋,王裕玉,白庆利,等.野生江鳕肌肉氨基酸含量及其营养评价[J].水产学杂志,2014,27(2):25-28.
[5]黄文,盛竹梅,于仕斌,等.人工养殖与野生江鳕肌肉营养成分比较分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):36-39.
[6]李育东,胡光源,辛玉文.江鳕生物学特性及资源保护[J].现代化农业,2015,(12):41-43.
[7]杨雨壮,殷丽洁,秦大公,等.镜泊湖江鳕的性状变异和分类地位[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(6):850-854.
[8]杨树勋,李东奎,杨雨壮,等.牡丹江上游(含镜泊湖)江鳕年龄、生长、食性和繁殖的研究[J].水产学报,1989,13(1):5-16.
[9]高晓田,肖国华,陈力,等.江鳕胚胎发育的研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):85-90.
[10]殷建国,蔡晓琴,何志杰,等.江鳕人工繁育技术研究[J].中国水产,2008,389(4):43-45.
[11]张俊丽,高天翔,方华华,等.黑龙江多布库尔河和新疆额尔齐斯河江鳕的形态特征及生化遗传分析[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(3):386-391.
[12]李国珍.染色体及其研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[13]韩荣成,岳永生,姜中伸.鱼类染色体核型分析方法概述[J].水利渔业,2003,23(5):38-40.
[14]林义浩.快速获得大量鱼类肾细胞中期分裂相的PHA体内注射法[J].水产学报,1982,6(3):201-208.
[15] Tan X Q,Qin J G,Chen B N,et al.Karyological analyses on redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus(Decapoda:Parastacidae)[J].Aquaculture,2004,234:65-76.
[16] Levan A,Fredga K,Sandberg A A.Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes [J].Hereditas,1964,52:201-220.
[17] 黄真理,常剑波.鱼类体长与体重关系中的分形特征[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(4):330-336.
[18] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:34-55.
[19] 水柏年,赵盛龙,韩志强,等.鱼类学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015:251-257.
[20]Hubbs C L,Schultz L P.Contributions to the ichthyology of Alaska,with description of two new fishes[J].Occasional Papers Museum Zoology,University of Michigan,1941,431:1-31.
[21]Pivnicka K.Morphological variation in the burbot,Lota lota and recognition of the subspecies:a review[J].J Fish Res Board Can,1970,27(10):1757-1765.
[22] VanHoudt J K,Hellemans B,Volckaert F A M.Phylogenetic relationships among Palearctic and Nearctic burbot(Lota lota):Pleistocene extinctions and recolonization[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,2003,29(3):599-612.
[23]Ohno S.Evolution by gene duplication[M].New York:Springer-Verlag Publishing Company,1970:15-18.
[24] Jones F C,Grabherr M G,Chan Y F,et al.The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks[J].Nature,2012,484:55-61.
[25] Arai R.Fish karyotypes:a check list [M].New York:Springer-Verlag Publishing Company,2011:131.
[26]李树深.鱼类细胞分类学[J].生物科学动态,1981,2:8-15.
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