围栏封育和放牧对盐池荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响
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摘要
为揭示围栏封育和围栏放牧对荒漠草原植物群落的影响,寻找荒漠草原保护与利用相结合的出路,本试验在宁夏盐池县荒漠草原选取3对封育围栏与放牧围栏,对封育围栏和相邻放牧围栏的本底条件一致的灰钙土和风沙土样带采用样线法开展植物群落样方调查,运用多样性指数等对植物群落多样性特征进行分析。结果表明,在物种水平上,灰钙土上以多年生禾本科植物为主,风沙土上以一、二年生菊科为优势群落。封育围栏群落物种组成趋于稳定状态,而放牧围栏群落还处于不稳定的演替初期。围栏封育有利于提高荒漠草原植物群落的生物量、高度和盖度;灰钙土上植物的生长量显著高于风沙土。在植物物种相对较少的荒漠草原,封育禁牧能改变群落的物种结构,但不能显著增加多样性;有利于提高风沙土上的物种多样性。相对于围栏放牧,围栏封育更有利于维持该地区生态系统的稳定。
In order to reveal the effects of enclosure and grazing on plant communities in the desert steppe and find the way of conservation and utilization of desert steppe,three pairs of enclosed grasslands and grazing grasslands were selected in the desert steppe of Yanchi County,Ningxia,to investigate the planting community.The selected area was the sierozem soil and aeolian sandy soil land with the same topography,soil and vegetation conditions.Based on the sample survey,the diversity characteristics of the plant community were analyzed using the diversity index.The results showed that at the species level,the perennial grasses were mainly dominated on the sierozem soil,and the annuals and biennials were the dominant community on the aeolian sandy soil.The species composition in the enclosed grassland tended to be stable,while the grazing grassland community was still in the early stage of unstable succession.Fence enclosure was conducive to improving the biomass,height and coverage of plant communities in desert steppe;the growth of plants on sierozem soil was significantly higher than that on aeolian sandy soil.In the desert steppe with relatively few plant species,the grazing prohibition changed the species structure of community,but it did not significantly increase the diversity;it was beneficial to improve the species diversity on the aeolian sandy soil.Compared to grazing treatment,enclosure was more conducive to maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in the region.
In order to reveal the effects of enclosure and grazing on plant communities in the desert steppe and find the way of conservation and utilization of desert steppe,three pairs of enclosed grasslands and grazing grasslands were selected in the desert steppe of Yanchi County,Ningxia,to investigate the planting community.The selected area was the sierozem soil and aeolian sandy soil land with the same topography,soil and vegetation conditions.Based on the sample survey,the diversity characteristics of the plant community were analyzed using the diversity index.The results showed that at the species level,the perennial grasses were mainly dominated on the sierozem soil,and the annuals and biennials were the dominant community on the aeolian sandy soil.The species composition in the enclosed grassland tended to be stable,while the grazing grassland community was still in the early stage of unstable succession.Fence enclosure was conducive to improving the biomass,height and coverage of plant communities in desert steppe;the growth of plants on sierozem soil was significantly higher than that on aeolian sandy soil.In the desert steppe with relatively few plant species,the grazing prohibition changed the species structure of community,but it did not significantly increase the diversity;it was beneficial to improve the species diversity on the aeolian sandy soil.Compared to grazing treatment,enclosure was more conducive to maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in the region.
引文
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[11]李新荣.中国荒漠与沙地生物土壤结皮研究[J].科学通报,2018,63(23):2320-2344
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[14]郑伟,董全民,李世雄,等.禁牧后环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征动态[J].草业科学,2014,31(6):1126-1130
[15]朱新萍,贾宏涛,蒋平安,等.长期围栏封育对中天山草地植物群落特征及多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(6):989-992
[16]苗翻,杨新国,古君龙,杨东东.放牧干扰下短花针茅植丛对表层土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,26(3):49-57
[17]周天阳,高景,王金牛,孙建,徐波,薛晶月,贺俊东,谢雨,吴彦.基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价[J].草业学报,2018,27(12):1-11
[18]单贵莲,徐柱,宁发,等.围封年限对典型草原群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):1-8
[19]孙国钧,张荣,周立.植物功能多样性与功能群研究进展[J].生态学报,2003,23(7):1430-1435
[20]赵丽娅,钟韩珊,赵美玉,等.围封和放牧对科尔沁沙地群落物种多样性与地上生物量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(10):1783-1790
[21]罗久富,周金星,赵文霞,等.围栏措施对青藏高原高寒草甸群落结构和稳定性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(3):565-574
[22]贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.封育对云雾山本氏针茅草地群落的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(3):272-277
[23]张婧,左小安,吕朋,等.科尔沁沙地草地植被对围封和放牧的响应[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):446-452
[24]张玉萍.荒漠草原区针茅群落的空间格局及效应[D].宁夏大学,2018,12-13
[25]聂明鹤,沈艳,饶丽仙.宁夏典型草原区退耕草地群落演替序列与环境解释[J].草业学报,2018,27(08):11-20
[26]刁兆岩,冯朝阳,徐立荣,田美荣,叶生星,郑志荣.草地围封内外植物多样性变化研究---以辉河自然保护区为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(05):148-151
[2]Golodets c Kigel J Sternberg M.Recovery of plant species composition and ecosystem function after cessation of grazing in a Mediterranean grassland[J].Plant and Soil,2010,1-2(329):365-378
[3]J Belsky A.Effects of Grazing,Competition,Disturbance and Fire on Species Composition and Diversity in Grassland Communities[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1992,3(2):187-200
[4]F Lezama,S Baeza,A Altesor.Variation of grazing-induced vegetation changes across a large-scale productivity gradient[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2002,25(1):8-21
[5]M Oesterheld,M Semmartin.Impact of grazing on species composition:Adding complexity to a generalized model[J].Austral Ecology,2011,36(8):881-890
[6]高凯.围封年限对内蒙古羊草-针茅典型草原植物功能群及其多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2013,22(6):39-45
[7]孙世贤,卫智军,吕世杰,等.放牧强度季节调控下荒漠草原植物群落与功能群特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,32(10):2703-2710
[8]宋乃平.盐池县草产业发展的SWOT分析与对策[J].草业科学,2013,30(12):2091-2096
[9]宋乃平.农牧交错区典型村域的土地利用变化过程研究-以盐池县马儿庄村为例[J].资源科学,2010,32(10):1148-1153
[10]刘任涛.荒漠草原地面节肢动物功能群对草地封育的响应[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2153-2159
[11]李新荣.中国荒漠与沙地生物土壤结皮研究[J].科学通报,2018,63(23):2320-2344
[12]姜恕.草地生态研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1988,78-80
[13]吴建波,王小丹.围封年限对藏北退化高寒草原植物群落特征和生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(2):261-266
[14]郑伟,董全民,李世雄,等.禁牧后环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征动态[J].草业科学,2014,31(6):1126-1130
[15]朱新萍,贾宏涛,蒋平安,等.长期围栏封育对中天山草地植物群落特征及多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(6):989-992
[16]苗翻,杨新国,古君龙,杨东东.放牧干扰下短花针茅植丛对表层土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,26(3):49-57
[17]周天阳,高景,王金牛,孙建,徐波,薛晶月,贺俊东,谢雨,吴彦.基于群落结构及土壤理化性质对围封7年青藏高原东南缘高山草地的综合评价[J].草业学报,2018,27(12):1-11
[18]单贵莲,徐柱,宁发,等.围封年限对典型草原群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):1-8
[19]孙国钧,张荣,周立.植物功能多样性与功能群研究进展[J].生态学报,2003,23(7):1430-1435
[20]赵丽娅,钟韩珊,赵美玉,等.围封和放牧对科尔沁沙地群落物种多样性与地上生物量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(10):1783-1790
[21]罗久富,周金星,赵文霞,等.围栏措施对青藏高原高寒草甸群落结构和稳定性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(3):565-574
[22]贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.封育对云雾山本氏针茅草地群落的影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(3):272-277
[23]张婧,左小安,吕朋,等.科尔沁沙地草地植被对围封和放牧的响应[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):446-452
[24]张玉萍.荒漠草原区针茅群落的空间格局及效应[D].宁夏大学,2018,12-13
[25]聂明鹤,沈艳,饶丽仙.宁夏典型草原区退耕草地群落演替序列与环境解释[J].草业学报,2018,27(08):11-20
[26]刁兆岩,冯朝阳,徐立荣,田美荣,叶生星,郑志荣.草地围封内外植物多样性变化研究---以辉河自然保护区为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(05):148-151
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