陕西省渭北苹果主产区的农业可持续发展评价——以洛川、旬邑与白水县为例
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摘要
为准确把握陕西省渭北苹果主产区农业可持续发展状况,通过基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价理论对陕西渭北苹果主产区进行农业可持续发展评价,选取洛川、旬邑和白水县2007—2016 10年间的19项指标展开分析,诊断限制当地农业可持续发展的障碍性因子,主要结论如下:1)陕西省渭北苹果主产区总体处于中可持续发展状态,可持续发展能力洛川县>旬邑县>白水县。2)限制陕西省渭北苹果主产区可持续发展的主要因素有施肥量不适宜、土壤肥力低、人均粮食产量低、人均土地面积少、自然灾害频发和劳动力文化水平低,针对这些问题,应当采取提高秸秆、畜禽粪便还田率提高土肥力;适量施用化肥;保护耕地资源提高土地利用效率;提高当地人民文化素质等措施,推动当地农业走上高可持续发展道路。3)基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价方法能够基本反映农业发展现状,洛川、旬邑和白水3县农业可持续发展指数(ASDI)分别是[0.65,0.77]、[0.63,0.67]和[0.58,0.63],除白水2015和2016年处于低持续状态外其余呈现中持续发展状态。
Based on the Euclidean distance-based sustainable agricultural assessment method,this study evaluates the sustainable development of agriculture in main apple producing area in Weibei,Shaanxi.A total of 19 indicators from the Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties during the 2007-2016 decade were selected and analyzed,.Obstacles that limit the sustainable development of agriculture were diagnosed.The results showed that:1)The SADE of major apple production areas to the north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province was a mid sustainable development area from 2007 to 2016 in general,and their sustainable development capacities in descending order was Luochuan>Xunyi>Baishui.2) The main factors affected the sustainable development of Shaanxi were unsuitable fertilizer dosage,low soil fertility,low per capita food production,land area reduction,rural disaster and poor cultural level of rural labor force.To deal with these problems,it is necessary to increase the rate of straw,livestock and poultry manure returning to improve soil fertility;apply proper amount of chemical fertilizer;protect cultivated land resources to improve land use efficiency and improve local people's cultural quality.3) The Euclidean distance-based assessment method for sustainable agricultural development could reflect the local sustainable development situation.The agricultural sustainable development index(ASDI) of Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties were [0.65,0.77],[0.63,0.67] and [0.58,0.63],respectively. Except for the low sustainability of Baishui in 2015 and 2016,the rest was in a state of continuous development.The result obtained for this study was intuitive,reliable and easy to understand.This method is feasible for sustainable agricultural development evaluation.
Based on the Euclidean distance-based sustainable agricultural assessment method,this study evaluates the sustainable development of agriculture in main apple producing area in Weibei,Shaanxi.A total of 19 indicators from the Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties during the 2007-2016 decade were selected and analyzed,.Obstacles that limit the sustainable development of agriculture were diagnosed.The results showed that:1)The SADE of major apple production areas to the north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province was a mid sustainable development area from 2007 to 2016 in general,and their sustainable development capacities in descending order was Luochuan>Xunyi>Baishui.2) The main factors affected the sustainable development of Shaanxi were unsuitable fertilizer dosage,low soil fertility,low per capita food production,land area reduction,rural disaster and poor cultural level of rural labor force.To deal with these problems,it is necessary to increase the rate of straw,livestock and poultry manure returning to improve soil fertility;apply proper amount of chemical fertilizer;protect cultivated land resources to improve land use efficiency and improve local people's cultural quality.3) The Euclidean distance-based assessment method for sustainable agricultural development could reflect the local sustainable development situation.The agricultural sustainable development index(ASDI) of Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties were [0.65,0.77],[0.63,0.67] and [0.58,0.63],respectively. Except for the low sustainability of Baishui in 2015 and 2016,the rest was in a state of continuous development.The result obtained for this study was intuitive,reliable and easy to understand.This method is feasible for sustainable agricultural development evaluation.
引文
[1] 罗其友,唐曲,刘洋,高明杰,马力阳.中国农业可持续发展评价指标体系构建及研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(27):158-164Luo Q Y,Tang Q,Liu Y,Gao M J,Ma L Y.Construction ofindex system evaluating agricultural sustainable development in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(27):158-164 (in Chinese)
[2] 金丽馥.我国农业可持续发展的制约因素与路径选择[J].农村经济,2003(1):1-3Jin L F.The restrictive factors and path choice of agricultural sustainable development in China[J].Rural Economy,2003(1):1-3 (in Chinese)
[3] Boggia A,Rocchi L,Paolotti L,Musotti F,Greco S.Assessing rural sustainable development potentialities using a dominance-based rough set approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,144:160-167
[4] García-álvarez M T,Moreno B,Soares I.Analyzing the sustainable energy development in the EU-15 by an aggregated synthetic index[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,60:996-1007
[5] 杨世琦.基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价理论构建与实例验证[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3840-3848Yang S Q.A case study ofa novel sustainable agricultural development evaluation method based on Euclidean distance theory[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(11):3840-3848 (in Chinese)
[6] Yang S Q,Mei X R.A sustainable agricultural development assessment method and a case study in China based on Euclidean distance theory[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,168:551-557
[7] 贾少武.优化陕西省苹果品种结构与区域布局对策的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011Jia S W.Strategies for optimizing regional layout of Shaanxi apple varieties[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2011 (in Chinese)
[8] 杨文杰.陕西渭北苹果基地县农业产业结构优化对策研究[J].商业研究,2008(5):173-176Yang W J.The countermeasures of optimizing agricultural industry structure in apple production counties Weibei loess plateau,Shaanxi[J].Commercial Research,2008(5):173-176 (in Chinese)
[9] 王向辉.西北地区环境变迁与农业可持续发展研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Wang X H.Environmental change and sustainable development of agricultural in northwestern China[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[10] 王辉.咸阳市渭北苹果施肥存在的问题及解决方法[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(7):77-78Wang H.Problems and solutions of apple fertilization in Weibei of Xianyang City[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,63(7):77-78 (in Chinese)
[11] 梁生树.洛川:“苹果之乡”的脱贫路径[J].当代陕西,2017(1):38-39Liang S S.Luochuan:the path of “apple town” to shake off poverty[J].Contemporary Shaanxi,2017(1):38-39 (in Chinese)
[12] 王春娟,陈红亮.陕西渭北西部苹果气候生态适应性分析[J].陕西农业科学,2016,62(12):73-76,82Wang C J,Chen H L.Climatic and ecological adaptability of apple in Western Weibei,Shaanxi [J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,62(12):73-76,82 (in Chinese)
[13] 杨秀山,赵鲁邦,张东,王冲,屈军涛.洛川县苹果果园施肥现状与对策[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(1):61-63Yang X S,Zhao L B,Zhang D,Wang C,Qu J T.Present situation and countermeasures of apple orchard fertilization in Luochuan County[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,63(1):61-63 (in Chinese)
[14] 柏秦凤,王景红,郭新,霍治国,梁轶,张勇,杨涛.基于县域单元的陕西苹果越冬冻害风险分布[J].气象,2013,39(11):1507-1513Bo Q F,Wang J H,Guo X,Huo Z G,Liang Y,Zhang Y,Yang T.Research on apple wintering frost damage risk distribution based on county level in Shaanxi Province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(11):1507-1513 (in Chinese)
[15] 党会利.白水苹果产业发展存在问题与对策[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Dang H L.Problems and countermeasures in the development of Baishui apple industry[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[16] 石宗琳.渭北苹果园土壤生物质量演化趋势[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Shi Z L.Evolution trend of soil biological quality in apple orchard in Weibei[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[17] Envstats.News and notes[R].New York:United Nations Statistics Division,2014
[18] United Nations Statistics Division.Discussion paper on principles of using quantification to operationalize the SDGs and criteria for indicator selection[R].New York:United Nations Statistical Division,2015
[19] 朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6Zhu Z L.Loss of fertilizer N from plants-soil system and the strategies and techniques for its reduction[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2000,9(1):1-6 (in Chinese)
[20] Oenema O,van Liere L,Plette S,Prins T,van Zeijts H,Schoumans O.Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands[J].Water Science & Technology,2004,49(3):101-108
[21] NY/T 1869—2010.中华人民共和国农业行业标准肥料合理使用准则:钾肥[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010NY/T 1869—2010.Standard for rational use of fertilizers in agricultural industry standard in People’s Republic of China:Potash fertilizer[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010 (in Chinese)
[22] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016National Bureau of Statistics of People’s Republic of China.China Statistical Yearbook 2015[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[23] 陕西省统计局.陕西统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017Shaanxi Statistics Bureau.Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2017[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[24] 唐华俊,李哲敏.基于中国居民平衡膳食模式的人均粮食需求量研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(11):2315-2327Tang H J,Li Z M.Study on per capita grain demand based on Chinese reasonable dietary pattern[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(11):2315-2327 (in Chinese)
[25] 赵经平.《全国农业可持续发展规划(2015—2030年)》发布[J].江西农业,2015(10):13Zhao J P.National sustainable agricultural development plan (2015-2030) released[J].Jiangxi Agriculture,2015(10):13 (in Chinese)
[26] 李美荣,刘映宁,李艳莉.陕西省果业主要气象灾害及其防御对策[J].陕西农业科学,2006,52(1):60-62Li M R,Liu Y N,Li Y L.Main meteorological disasters in fruit industry in Shaanxi Province and their counter measures[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,52(1):60-62 (in Chinese)
[27] 李建平.陕西省农业生产潜力与粮食安全实证研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Li J P.Empirical analysis on food security and crop yield productivity in Shaanxi Province[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[28] 王艺颖,刘春力.陕西省主要粮食作物生产成本收益研究:以小麦、玉米为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(6):143-148Wang Y Y,Liu C L.The cost-benefit analysis of the main grain crops in Shaanxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(6):143-148 (in Chinese)
[29] 宁川川,王建武,蔡昆争.有机肥对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):175-181Ning C C,Wang J W,Cai K Z.The effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and soil environmental quality:A review[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(1):175-181 (in Chinese)
[30] 田慎重,郭洪海,董晓霞,董亮,郑东峰,孙泽强,王学君,刘盛林.耕作方式转变和秸秆还田对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(s2):39-45Tian S Z,Guo H H,Dong X X,Dong L,Zheng D F,Sun Z Q,Wang X J,Liu S L.Effect of tillage method change and straw return on soil labile organic carbon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(s2):39-45 (in Chinese)
[31] 文凌.陕西省畜禽养殖污染调查及环境监管[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Wen L.Investigation and environmental supervision of livestock pollution in Shaanxi Province[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[2] 金丽馥.我国农业可持续发展的制约因素与路径选择[J].农村经济,2003(1):1-3Jin L F.The restrictive factors and path choice of agricultural sustainable development in China[J].Rural Economy,2003(1):1-3 (in Chinese)
[3] Boggia A,Rocchi L,Paolotti L,Musotti F,Greco S.Assessing rural sustainable development potentialities using a dominance-based rough set approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,144:160-167
[4] García-álvarez M T,Moreno B,Soares I.Analyzing the sustainable energy development in the EU-15 by an aggregated synthetic index[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,60:996-1007
[5] 杨世琦.基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价理论构建与实例验证[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3840-3848Yang S Q.A case study ofa novel sustainable agricultural development evaluation method based on Euclidean distance theory[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(11):3840-3848 (in Chinese)
[6] Yang S Q,Mei X R.A sustainable agricultural development assessment method and a case study in China based on Euclidean distance theory[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,168:551-557
[7] 贾少武.优化陕西省苹果品种结构与区域布局对策的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011Jia S W.Strategies for optimizing regional layout of Shaanxi apple varieties[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2011 (in Chinese)
[8] 杨文杰.陕西渭北苹果基地县农业产业结构优化对策研究[J].商业研究,2008(5):173-176Yang W J.The countermeasures of optimizing agricultural industry structure in apple production counties Weibei loess plateau,Shaanxi[J].Commercial Research,2008(5):173-176 (in Chinese)
[9] 王向辉.西北地区环境变迁与农业可持续发展研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Wang X H.Environmental change and sustainable development of agricultural in northwestern China[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[10] 王辉.咸阳市渭北苹果施肥存在的问题及解决方法[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(7):77-78Wang H.Problems and solutions of apple fertilization in Weibei of Xianyang City[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,63(7):77-78 (in Chinese)
[11] 梁生树.洛川:“苹果之乡”的脱贫路径[J].当代陕西,2017(1):38-39Liang S S.Luochuan:the path of “apple town” to shake off poverty[J].Contemporary Shaanxi,2017(1):38-39 (in Chinese)
[12] 王春娟,陈红亮.陕西渭北西部苹果气候生态适应性分析[J].陕西农业科学,2016,62(12):73-76,82Wang C J,Chen H L.Climatic and ecological adaptability of apple in Western Weibei,Shaanxi [J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,62(12):73-76,82 (in Chinese)
[13] 杨秀山,赵鲁邦,张东,王冲,屈军涛.洛川县苹果果园施肥现状与对策[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(1):61-63Yang X S,Zhao L B,Zhang D,Wang C,Qu J T.Present situation and countermeasures of apple orchard fertilization in Luochuan County[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,63(1):61-63 (in Chinese)
[14] 柏秦凤,王景红,郭新,霍治国,梁轶,张勇,杨涛.基于县域单元的陕西苹果越冬冻害风险分布[J].气象,2013,39(11):1507-1513Bo Q F,Wang J H,Guo X,Huo Z G,Liang Y,Zhang Y,Yang T.Research on apple wintering frost damage risk distribution based on county level in Shaanxi Province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(11):1507-1513 (in Chinese)
[15] 党会利.白水苹果产业发展存在问题与对策[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Dang H L.Problems and countermeasures in the development of Baishui apple industry[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[16] 石宗琳.渭北苹果园土壤生物质量演化趋势[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Shi Z L.Evolution trend of soil biological quality in apple orchard in Weibei[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[17] Envstats.News and notes[R].New York:United Nations Statistics Division,2014
[18] United Nations Statistics Division.Discussion paper on principles of using quantification to operationalize the SDGs and criteria for indicator selection[R].New York:United Nations Statistical Division,2015
[19] 朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6Zhu Z L.Loss of fertilizer N from plants-soil system and the strategies and techniques for its reduction[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2000,9(1):1-6 (in Chinese)
[20] Oenema O,van Liere L,Plette S,Prins T,van Zeijts H,Schoumans O.Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands[J].Water Science & Technology,2004,49(3):101-108
[21] NY/T 1869—2010.中华人民共和国农业行业标准肥料合理使用准则:钾肥[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010NY/T 1869—2010.Standard for rational use of fertilizers in agricultural industry standard in People’s Republic of China:Potash fertilizer[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010 (in Chinese)
[22] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016National Bureau of Statistics of People’s Republic of China.China Statistical Yearbook 2015[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[23] 陕西省统计局.陕西统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017Shaanxi Statistics Bureau.Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2017[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017 (in Chinese)
[24] 唐华俊,李哲敏.基于中国居民平衡膳食模式的人均粮食需求量研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(11):2315-2327Tang H J,Li Z M.Study on per capita grain demand based on Chinese reasonable dietary pattern[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(11):2315-2327 (in Chinese)
[25] 赵经平.《全国农业可持续发展规划(2015—2030年)》发布[J].江西农业,2015(10):13Zhao J P.National sustainable agricultural development plan (2015-2030) released[J].Jiangxi Agriculture,2015(10):13 (in Chinese)
[26] 李美荣,刘映宁,李艳莉.陕西省果业主要气象灾害及其防御对策[J].陕西农业科学,2006,52(1):60-62Li M R,Liu Y N,Li Y L.Main meteorological disasters in fruit industry in Shaanxi Province and their counter measures[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,52(1):60-62 (in Chinese)
[27] 李建平.陕西省农业生产潜力与粮食安全实证研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Li J P.Empirical analysis on food security and crop yield productivity in Shaanxi Province[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
[28] 王艺颖,刘春力.陕西省主要粮食作物生产成本收益研究:以小麦、玉米为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(6):143-148Wang Y Y,Liu C L.The cost-benefit analysis of the main grain crops in Shaanxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(6):143-148 (in Chinese)
[29] 宁川川,王建武,蔡昆争.有机肥对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):175-181Ning C C,Wang J W,Cai K Z.The effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and soil environmental quality:A review[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(1):175-181 (in Chinese)
[30] 田慎重,郭洪海,董晓霞,董亮,郑东峰,孙泽强,王学君,刘盛林.耕作方式转变和秸秆还田对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(s2):39-45Tian S Z,Guo H H,Dong X X,Dong L,Zheng D F,Sun Z Q,Wang X J,Liu S L.Effect of tillage method change and straw return on soil labile organic carbon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(s2):39-45 (in Chinese)
[31] 文凌.陕西省畜禽养殖污染调查及环境监管[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012Wen L.Investigation and environmental supervision of livestock pollution in Shaanxi Province[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012 (in Chinese)
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