咖啡种间嫁接与不嫁接植株主要农艺和品质性状比较
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摘要
为探明种间嫁接生产应用可行性,以解决连作咖啡园再植植株长势弱、死亡率高的问题,布置了以未嫁接的中粒种咖啡热研3号实生后代为对照,查理种16号为砧木、中粒种咖啡热研3号实生后代为接穗的种间嫁接大田试验。经过5 a的田间性状观测,结果表明:1年生种间嫁接植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、最长一级分枝长度大于未嫁接植株,但差异未达显著,种间嫁接植株一级分枝对数、最长一级分枝节数显著大于未嫁接植株;2015年单节果实数未嫁接植株显著高于嫁接植株,其余年份(2014年、2016年)差异不显著;干鲜比、百粒重、单株鲜果产量两者间差异不显著。虽然嫁接植株2015年单节果实数显著低于未嫁接植株,但种间嫁接促进了中粒种咖啡的生长,增加了单株结果节数,因而嫁接植株单株鲜果产量未显著减少。综上,嫁接不影响中粒种单株鲜果产量和果实的品质性状,该组合的种间嫁接在生产中推广应用是可行的。
In order to apply the interspecific grafting technique in coffee production, five years of field experiments were carried out to study the main agronomic characters and quality characters between C. canephora cv. Reyan No.3(No Grafted) and C. canephora scion grafted on C. liberica var. Dewevrei No.16 rootstock(Grafted). The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, crown width and longest primary branches length were higher in 1-year-old grafted trees, but the difference was not significant. The number of primary branches and the number of the longest primary branches node of the grafted were significantly bigger than that of not grafted. The fruit number per node was significantly higher in the not grafted in 2015, but there was no significant difference in 2014 and 2016. The dry-fresh ratio, weight of 100 beans, single plant fruits weight were not significantly different between the not grafted and the grafted. As the number of fruit nodes per grafted plant increased, the yield of grafted plants not significantly decreased.In summary, there were no effects on the yield and quality characters of grafted plants, the interspecific grafting could be applied in coffee production.
In order to apply the interspecific grafting technique in coffee production, five years of field experiments were carried out to study the main agronomic characters and quality characters between C. canephora cv. Reyan No.3(No Grafted) and C. canephora scion grafted on C. liberica var. Dewevrei No.16 rootstock(Grafted). The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, crown width and longest primary branches length were higher in 1-year-old grafted trees, but the difference was not significant. The number of primary branches and the number of the longest primary branches node of the grafted were significantly bigger than that of not grafted. The fruit number per node was significantly higher in the not grafted in 2015, but there was no significant difference in 2014 and 2016. The dry-fresh ratio, weight of 100 beans, single plant fruits weight were not significantly different between the not grafted and the grafted. As the number of fruit nodes per grafted plant increased, the yield of grafted plants not significantly decreased.In summary, there were no effects on the yield and quality characters of grafted plants, the interspecific grafting could be applied in coffee production.
引文
[1]陶美奇,周刚,姚超宇,等.砧木种类对嫁接黄瓜生长、品质和产量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2018(2):54-59.
[2]廖道龙,陈贻诵,胡艳平,等.海南夏秋季苦瓜嫁接砧木筛选试验[J].蔬菜,2018(5):18-23.
[3]郑康,程菲,鲍喜峰,等.不同番茄砧木苗期青枯病抗性鉴定及嫁接后对产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2018(16):27-31.
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[5]李民吉,张强,李兴亮,等.SH系不同矮化中间砧对‘富士’苹果树体生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2018,45(10):1999-2007.
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[11]Wezer L M,Rubens J G,Pedro B M,et al.Desenvolvimento vegetativo de plantas de caféarábica enxertadas sobre caférobusta e submetidasàreposi??o hídrica[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2011,46(12):1618-1624.
[12]Beno?t B,HervéE.Growth,production,and bean quality of Coffea arabica as affected by interspecific grafting:consequences for rootstock breeding[J].Hortscience,2001,36(2):269-273.
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[14]董云萍,黄丽芳,闫林,等.种间和种内嫁接对5个中粒种咖啡品种生长、产量及品质的影响[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(4):15-20.
[15]Bittenbender H C,Schmitt D P,Serracin M,et al.Fukunaga,a coffee rootstock resistant to the kona coffee root-knot nematode[J].New Plants for Hawaii Oct,2001(6):1-2.
[16]孙燕,杨建峰,董云萍,等.咖啡种间嫁接对产量和品质的影响研究[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(11):1558-1561.
[17]孙燕,杨建峰,董云萍,等.咖啡根系分泌物对嫁接后植株生长及叶片保护酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1310-1314.
[18]董云萍,孙燕,林兴军,等.咖啡种间嫁接苗生长特性研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(8):1421-1425.
[19]Aloysius A P,Fitria Y.Effect of rootstocks on growth,yield and bean quality of Coffea canephora clones[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(3):429-438.
[20]曾铭文.咖啡根系分泌物鉴定及其对咖啡幼苗化感作用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[21]中国热带农业科学院,华南热带农业大学.中国热带作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:436-492.
[22]Clifford M.N,Willson K.C..Coffee:botany,biochemistry and production of beans and beverange[M].Sydney:Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd,2001:108-134.
[23]吴坤南,龙宇宙.咖啡园产量预测模式研究[J].热带农业科学,1993,13(3):45-47.
[2]廖道龙,陈贻诵,胡艳平,等.海南夏秋季苦瓜嫁接砧木筛选试验[J].蔬菜,2018(5):18-23.
[3]郑康,程菲,鲍喜峰,等.不同番茄砧木苗期青枯病抗性鉴定及嫁接后对产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2018(16):27-31.
[4]高怀怀.梨地方品种的性状描述以及不同砧穗组合对梨树生长、果实品质和产量的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[5]李民吉,张强,李兴亮,等.SH系不同矮化中间砧对‘富士’苹果树体生长、产量和果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2018,45(10):1999-2007.
[6]Luc V,Francisco A,Jean L S.Resistance to root-lesion nematodes on Coffea canephora[J].Nematology Monographs Perspectives,2004,2:289-302.
[7]Luc V,Amauri M,Sergio S,et al.Effect of grafting and nematicide treatments on damage by root-lesion nematodes(Pratylenchus SPP.)to Coffea arabica L.in guatemala[J].Nematropica,2000,30(1):87-100.
[8]D'Souza G.F,Rajeswari N,Ramesh Babu H.N.Influence of rootstock scion combinations on morpho-physiological traits in coffee[J].Journal of Plantation Crops,2011,39(3):351-357.
[9]Marcelo A T,Ney S S,Hermínia E P,et al.Rootstocks affecting the development of Coffea arabica L.plants[J].Ciencia Rural,2005,35(3):570-575.
[10]Paula N,Joao P S,Carlos H B.Grafting for improving net photosynthesis of Coffea arabica in field in southeast of Brazil[J].Exploratory Agriculture,2011,47(1):53-68.
[11]Wezer L M,Rubens J G,Pedro B M,et al.Desenvolvimento vegetativo de plantas de caféarábica enxertadas sobre caférobusta e submetidasàreposi??o hídrica[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2011,46(12):1618-1624.
[12]Beno?t B,HervéE.Growth,production,and bean quality of Coffea arabica as affected by interspecific grafting:consequences for rootstock breeding[J].Hortscience,2001,36(2):269-273.
[13]Anil K,Ramamurthy N,Muralidhara H.R,et al.Interspecific grafting and its influence on yield,bean,quality,caffeine content and nutrients uptake of arabica scion of cultivars[J].Planter'Chronicle,2005(3):10-20.
[14]董云萍,黄丽芳,闫林,等.种间和种内嫁接对5个中粒种咖啡品种生长、产量及品质的影响[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(4):15-20.
[15]Bittenbender H C,Schmitt D P,Serracin M,et al.Fukunaga,a coffee rootstock resistant to the kona coffee root-knot nematode[J].New Plants for Hawaii Oct,2001(6):1-2.
[16]孙燕,杨建峰,董云萍,等.咖啡种间嫁接对产量和品质的影响研究[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(11):1558-1561.
[17]孙燕,杨建峰,董云萍,等.咖啡根系分泌物对嫁接后植株生长及叶片保护酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1310-1314.
[18]董云萍,孙燕,林兴军,等.咖啡种间嫁接苗生长特性研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(8):1421-1425.
[19]Aloysius A P,Fitria Y.Effect of rootstocks on growth,yield and bean quality of Coffea canephora clones[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(3):429-438.
[20]曾铭文.咖啡根系分泌物鉴定及其对咖啡幼苗化感作用研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[21]中国热带农业科学院,华南热带农业大学.中国热带作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:436-492.
[22]Clifford M.N,Willson K.C..Coffee:botany,biochemistry and production of beans and beverange[M].Sydney:Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd,2001:108-134.
[23]吴坤南,龙宇宙.咖啡园产量预测模式研究[J].热带农业科学,1993,13(3):45-47.
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