刈割后不同施氮水平对延安市巨菌草农艺性状及饲用品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】为探求巨菌草刈割后不同施氮水平对主要农艺性状及饲用品质的影响,并解决合理施用氮肥问题。【方法】于2015—2016年在延安市,选用巨菌草为材料,设置施0、46、92、138、184、230 kg/hm26个水平纯氮,于拔节期采集植物样本,对施氮后的株高、分蘖数、茎周长、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、相对叶绿素含量和单株重等指标的比较,分析了农艺性状及饲用品质指标的变化规律。【结果】施氮46～184 kg/hm2范围内,分蘖数、株高、茎周长、叶片数、单株重随着施氮水平的提高而增加,而且均在184 kg/hm2纯氮施用量处理表现最好,分别为13.53个、87.80 cm、5.75 cm、14.33个、0.59 kg。经测定表明巨菌草的粗蛋白和粗纤维含量随生长期的延长有明显的增长,且分别在拔节期和成熟期达到最大值13.85%和58.05%.【结论】延安市适宜的氮肥用量可显著提高巨菌草产量,纯氮施用量为184 kg/hm2最高。拔节期时收获的巨菌草粗蛋白和粗纤维含量最高。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on agronomic traits and forage quality of Pennisetum spafter clipping in yan'an region,and to seek the rational amount of nitrogen fertilization.【Method】Pennisetum sp. was grown in Yan'an region from 2015 to 2016. The experiment had six treatments,including 0,46,92,138,92 and 138 kg/hm2 N addition. Plant height,tillers number,stem perimeters,number of leaves,leaf length,leaf width,relative chlorophyll content and weight were meastuerd after N fertilization during jointing stage. The correlative characteristic indexes,including agronomic traits and forge quality were also analyzed.【Result】When N fertilization ranged from 46 kg/hm2 to184 kg/hm2,the tillers number,plant heights,stem perimeters,leaves number,weight of agronomic traits increased with an increase in nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover,N(184 kg/hm2) rates was the optimum yield of agronomic traits(13.53,87.80 cm,5.75 cm,14.33 and 0.59 kg,respectively). The content of crude protein and fibre increased at jointing stages and mature stage and the highest values was 13.85% and 58.05%,respectively.【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive analysis,optimum N fertilizer application increase the yield of Pennisetum sp. in Yan'an region,with the highest yield being found in the treatment of N184 kg/hm2. The content of crude protein and crude fibre were the highest at the elongation stage.
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on agronomic traits and forage quality of Pennisetum spafter clipping in yan'an region,and to seek the rational amount of nitrogen fertilization.【Method】Pennisetum sp. was grown in Yan'an region from 2015 to 2016. The experiment had six treatments,including 0,46,92,138,92 and 138 kg/hm2 N addition. Plant height,tillers number,stem perimeters,number of leaves,leaf length,leaf width,relative chlorophyll content and weight were meastuerd after N fertilization during jointing stage. The correlative characteristic indexes,including agronomic traits and forge quality were also analyzed.【Result】When N fertilization ranged from 46 kg/hm2 to184 kg/hm2,the tillers number,plant heights,stem perimeters,leaves number,weight of agronomic traits increased with an increase in nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover,N(184 kg/hm2) rates was the optimum yield of agronomic traits(13.53,87.80 cm,5.75 cm,14.33 and 0.59 kg,respectively). The content of crude protein and fibre increased at jointing stages and mature stage and the highest values was 13.85% and 58.05%,respectively.【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive analysis,optimum N fertilizer application increase the yield of Pennisetum sp. in Yan'an region,with the highest yield being found in the treatment of N184 kg/hm2. The content of crude protein and crude fibre were the highest at the elongation stage.
引文
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[3]丁铭,白璐,王龙清.巨菌草引进试验及栽培种植技术[J].农村科技,2013(12):61-62.
[4]张秀平,杨志杰,张亚振,等.巨菌草在冀中南地区的引种试验[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(36):78-80.
[5]张进国,雷荷仙,黎纪凤,等.巨菌草在不同海拔高度的生长表现[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(3):112-115.
[6]林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.不同种植年限的巨菌草对植物和昆虫多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2849-2854.
[7]龙鸿艳.巨菌草在喀什地区的引种试验[J].中国畜禽种业,2016(2):32-33.
[8]陈碧成,林洁荣,罗宗志,等.巨菌草不同生长时间的常规营养成分及氨基酸含量测定[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(1):101-103.
[9]卜耀军,李强,徐伟洲,等.巨菌草在榆林风沙草滩区的引种表现初探[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(2):42-43.
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[11]张丽英.新饲料成分可通过新方法进行测定[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2007(2):20-21.
[12]CUI R Y,LEE B W.Spikelet number estimation model using nitrogen nutrition status and biomass at panicle initiation and heading stage of rice[J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2002(47):390-394.
[13]渠晖,程亮,陈俊峰,等.施氮水平对甜高粱主要农艺性状及其与干物质产量相关关系的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):13-25.
[14]管淑艳.不同N肥施用量、留茬高度对杂交臂形草产量及品质的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2008.
[15]林兴生.菌草产业发展的几个关键技术研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[16]丁成龙,顾洪如,白淑娟.不同施肥量,密度对美洲狼尾草产量的影响[J].中国草地,1999(5):12-14.
[17]徐富贤,熊洪,张林,等.施氮对冬水田杂交中稻本田生长期叶片叶绿素含量的影响[J].杂交水稻,2012,27(2):66-70.
[18]胡敏,魏全全,任涛,等.刈割后氮肥施用对饲料油菜地上部产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2124-2129.
[19]林标声,范锦琳,宋昭昭,等.巨菌草不同生长时期的内生固氮菌群组成分析[J].微生物学通报,2018(2):60-71.
[20]林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.荒坡地种植巨菌草对土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4304-4312.
[21]BANIK A,MUKHOPADHAYA S K,DANGAR T K.Characterization of N2-fixing plant growth promoting endophytic and epiphytic bacterial community of Indian cultivated and wild rice(Oryza spp.)genotypes[J].Planta,2016,243(3):799-812.
[2]金英,陈丽凤,林占.菌草产业成长及其多功能性探析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):304-308.
[3]丁铭,白璐,王龙清.巨菌草引进试验及栽培种植技术[J].农村科技,2013(12):61-62.
[4]张秀平,杨志杰,张亚振,等.巨菌草在冀中南地区的引种试验[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(36):78-80.
[5]张进国,雷荷仙,黎纪凤,等.巨菌草在不同海拔高度的生长表现[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(3):112-115.
[6]林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.不同种植年限的巨菌草对植物和昆虫多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2849-2854.
[7]龙鸿艳.巨菌草在喀什地区的引种试验[J].中国畜禽种业,2016(2):32-33.
[8]陈碧成,林洁荣,罗宗志,等.巨菌草不同生长时间的常规营养成分及氨基酸含量测定[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(1):101-103.
[9]卜耀军,李强,徐伟洲,等.巨菌草在榆林风沙草滩区的引种表现初探[J].陕西农业科学,2017,63(2):42-43.
[10]汪梦萍.饲料营养成分分析[M].武汉:华中农业大学出版社,1999:1-104.
[11]张丽英.新饲料成分可通过新方法进行测定[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2007(2):20-21.
[12]CUI R Y,LEE B W.Spikelet number estimation model using nitrogen nutrition status and biomass at panicle initiation and heading stage of rice[J].Korean Journal of Crop Science,2002(47):390-394.
[13]渠晖,程亮,陈俊峰,等.施氮水平对甜高粱主要农艺性状及其与干物质产量相关关系的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(6):13-25.
[14]管淑艳.不同N肥施用量、留茬高度对杂交臂形草产量及品质的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2008.
[15]林兴生.菌草产业发展的几个关键技术研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[16]丁成龙,顾洪如,白淑娟.不同施肥量,密度对美洲狼尾草产量的影响[J].中国草地,1999(5):12-14.
[17]徐富贤,熊洪,张林,等.施氮对冬水田杂交中稻本田生长期叶片叶绿素含量的影响[J].杂交水稻,2012,27(2):66-70.
[18]胡敏,魏全全,任涛,等.刈割后氮肥施用对饲料油菜地上部产量及品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2124-2129.
[19]林标声,范锦琳,宋昭昭,等.巨菌草不同生长时期的内生固氮菌群组成分析[J].微生物学通报,2018(2):60-71.
[20]林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.荒坡地种植巨菌草对土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4304-4312.
[21]BANIK A,MUKHOPADHAYA S K,DANGAR T K.Characterization of N2-fixing plant growth promoting endophytic and epiphytic bacterial community of Indian cultivated and wild rice(Oryza spp.)genotypes[J].Planta,2016,243(3):799-812.
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