牧户定居放牧草场植物群落特征及稳定性对放牧强度的响应
|
摘要
为了对牧民合理放牧、维护草场生态和促进人与草原和谐相处提供理论支撑,在野外考察和实验室数据分析的基础上,采用定性和定量结合的方法研究了定居网围栏放牧方式下牧户草场植物群落特征及稳定性对不同放牧强度的响应。结果表明:处于不同放牧强度下的牧户草场植物群落特征已出现显著差异;牧户草场放牧强度与草原退化指示种平均重要值占比呈正相关;牧户放牧强度与草场植物群落稳定性呈负相关。说明放牧强度对牧户草场植物群落特征及稳定性产生重要影响,当牧户放牧强度超过草场的承载力时可能引起草原稳定性减弱、植物群落物种间结构差异化,从而导致草原生态系统的失衡。控制牲畜数量、合理放牧是当下保护草原生态、促进牧区人地关系和谐发展的必要举措。
In order to provide theoretical support for herdsmen's reasonable grazing,for the maintenance of grassland ecology and for the promotion of the harmonious coexistence between human and grassland,based on the field investigation and laboratory data analysis,the qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the study on the response of plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures under settled fence grazing mode to the different grazing intensity. The results showed that there were significant difference in plant community characteristics of herdsman pastures under different grazing intensity. Grazing intensity of herdsman pastures had positive correlation with the average important value of grassland degradation indicator species and had negative correlation with pasture plant community characteristics and stability,which suggested that grazing intensity had an important impact on plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures. When herdsman grazing intensity exceeded the carrying capacity of the pastures,it may lead to the weakening of grassland stability and the structural differentiation of plant community species,which would result in the imbalance of the grassland ecosystem. Controlling the number of livestock and reasonable grazing are necessary measures to protect the grassland ecology and to promote the harmonious development of human-land relationship in pastoral areas.
In order to provide theoretical support for herdsmen's reasonable grazing,for the maintenance of grassland ecology and for the promotion of the harmonious coexistence between human and grassland,based on the field investigation and laboratory data analysis,the qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the study on the response of plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures under settled fence grazing mode to the different grazing intensity. The results showed that there were significant difference in plant community characteristics of herdsman pastures under different grazing intensity. Grazing intensity of herdsman pastures had positive correlation with the average important value of grassland degradation indicator species and had negative correlation with pasture plant community characteristics and stability,which suggested that grazing intensity had an important impact on plant community characteristics and stability of herdsman pastures. When herdsman grazing intensity exceeded the carrying capacity of the pastures,it may lead to the weakening of grassland stability and the structural differentiation of plant community species,which would result in the imbalance of the grassland ecosystem. Controlling the number of livestock and reasonable grazing are necessary measures to protect the grassland ecology and to promote the harmonious development of human-land relationship in pastoral areas.
引文
[1] FISCHER F M,WRIGHT A J,EISENHAUERN,et al.Plant species richness and functional traits affect community stability after a flood event[J].Philos Trans R Soc B Boil Sci,2016,371(1694):20150276.
[2] BAEZ S,COLLINS S L.Shrub invasion decreases diversity and alters community stability in northern Chihuahuan Desert plant communities [J].PLoS One,2008,3(6):e2332.
[3] BECK J J,HERNáNDEZ D L,PASARI J R,et al.Grazing maintains native plant diversity and promotes community stability in an annual grassland[J].Ecol Appl,2015,25(5):1259-1270.
[4] 陶利波,于双,王国会,等.封育对宁夏东部风沙区荒漠草原植物群落特征及其稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):67-74.
[5] 屈兴乐,方江平.不同修复年限退化草地植物群落的物种多样性和稳定性[J].高原农业,2018,2(3):220-229.
[6] 曹成有,朱丽辉,蒋德明,等.固沙植物群落稳定性机制的探讨[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(4):461-466.
[7] 刘景玲,高玉葆,何兴东,等.内蒙古中东部草原植物群落物种多样性和稳定性分析(简报)[J].草地学报,2006,14(4):390-392.
[8] 张云飞,乌云娜,杨持.草原植物群落物种多样性与结构稳定性之间的相关性分析[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1997,28(3):130-134.
[9] SCHLUTER D.A variance test for detecting species associations,with some example applications[J].Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1005.
[10] 乌音嘎,呼格吉勒图,海山.锡林郭勒盟牧区牧业人口承载量研究[J].地理科学研究,2017,6(2):72-78.
[11] KAWADA K,WU Y N,NAKAMURA T.Land degradation of abandoned croplands in the Xilingol steppe region,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Grassland Sci,2015,57(1):58-64.
[12] 赛西雅拉图,白丽艳,张萍.2003—2010年克氏针茅放牧草地资源的变化[J].草业科学,2014,31(4):607-613.
[13] 宋永昌.植被生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2017.
[14] 侯扶江,杨中艺.放牧对草地的作用[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):244-264.
[15] 任继周.关于提高草原畜牧业生产能力的几点认识[J].新疆农业科技,1974,13(1):24-30.
[2] BAEZ S,COLLINS S L.Shrub invasion decreases diversity and alters community stability in northern Chihuahuan Desert plant communities [J].PLoS One,2008,3(6):e2332.
[3] BECK J J,HERNáNDEZ D L,PASARI J R,et al.Grazing maintains native plant diversity and promotes community stability in an annual grassland[J].Ecol Appl,2015,25(5):1259-1270.
[4] 陶利波,于双,王国会,等.封育对宁夏东部风沙区荒漠草原植物群落特征及其稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):67-74.
[5] 屈兴乐,方江平.不同修复年限退化草地植物群落的物种多样性和稳定性[J].高原农业,2018,2(3):220-229.
[6] 曹成有,朱丽辉,蒋德明,等.固沙植物群落稳定性机制的探讨[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(4):461-466.
[7] 刘景玲,高玉葆,何兴东,等.内蒙古中东部草原植物群落物种多样性和稳定性分析(简报)[J].草地学报,2006,14(4):390-392.
[8] 张云飞,乌云娜,杨持.草原植物群落物种多样性与结构稳定性之间的相关性分析[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1997,28(3):130-134.
[9] SCHLUTER D.A variance test for detecting species associations,with some example applications[J].Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1005.
[10] 乌音嘎,呼格吉勒图,海山.锡林郭勒盟牧区牧业人口承载量研究[J].地理科学研究,2017,6(2):72-78.
[11] KAWADA K,WU Y N,NAKAMURA T.Land degradation of abandoned croplands in the Xilingol steppe region,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Grassland Sci,2015,57(1):58-64.
[12] 赛西雅拉图,白丽艳,张萍.2003—2010年克氏针茅放牧草地资源的变化[J].草业科学,2014,31(4):607-613.
[13] 宋永昌.植被生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2017.
[14] 侯扶江,杨中艺.放牧对草地的作用[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):244-264.
[15] 任继周.关于提高草原畜牧业生产能力的几点认识[J].新疆农业科技,1974,13(1):24-30.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |