基于磁畴能量最小化原理的电工钢片磁滞模型
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摘要
随着大量非线性负荷接入电网,电力变压器铁心更加频繁地工作在谐波、直流偏磁等非标准磁化条件下,传统磁滞模型由于缺少对材料磁化物理机理的深入研究,导致在模拟实际工况下铁心材料磁特性时精度受到限制。本文基于磁光克尔效应磁畴动态观测仪,观察了电工钢片在外磁场磁化过程中磁畴畴壁运动变化,从磁化过程中磁畴运动机理出发,建立了包含有多个磁畴能量的物理模型,并基于总磁能局部最小化原理得到磁畴的磁化状态公式,求得磁畴体积以及磁矩方向的变化。通过测量数据拟合模型参数后,得到电工钢片交变磁化下一系列磁滞回环,并与实验测得结果进行了对比分析,证明该模型能够有效的模拟交变磁化下的磁滞曲线。本文研究结果为进一步实现实际工况下电工设备铁心材料复杂磁特性物理模型的研究打下基础。
As a large number of nonlinear loads are connected to the electric grid, the transformer core works in the harmonic, DC bias and other non-standard magnetized conditions more frequently.Due to the lack of in-depth study on the physical mechanism of magnetization of the material, the traditional hysteresis models are reported to have limited modeling accuracy for the magnetic properties of core material running under the actual working conditions. In this paper, based on magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetic domain dynamic viewer, the domain wall movements of the electrical steel sheet during the process of magnetization were observed. A physical model that contains multiple domain energy was established based on the mechanism of magnetic domain movement in the process of magnetization. Further, the formula of domain magnetization state was obtained by means of the local minimization principle of the total magnetic energy, and the change of volume of magnetic domain and the direction of the magnetic moment were computed. By fitting the measuring data into model parameters, a series of hysteresis loops of electrical steel sheet under alternating magnetization were obtained, and by comparing with the experimental results, it is proved that the model can effectively simulate the magnetic hysteresis curves in the alternating magnetization. The research results in this paper lay a foundation for further research in the physical model of ferro-materials in electrical equipment under complex magnetic properties for actual conditions.
As a large number of nonlinear loads are connected to the electric grid, the transformer core works in the harmonic, DC bias and other non-standard magnetized conditions more frequently.Due to the lack of in-depth study on the physical mechanism of magnetization of the material, the traditional hysteresis models are reported to have limited modeling accuracy for the magnetic properties of core material running under the actual working conditions. In this paper, based on magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetic domain dynamic viewer, the domain wall movements of the electrical steel sheet during the process of magnetization were observed. A physical model that contains multiple domain energy was established based on the mechanism of magnetic domain movement in the process of magnetization. Further, the formula of domain magnetization state was obtained by means of the local minimization principle of the total magnetic energy, and the change of volume of magnetic domain and the direction of the magnetic moment were computed. By fitting the measuring data into model parameters, a series of hysteresis loops of electrical steel sheet under alternating magnetization were obtained, and by comparing with the experimental results, it is proved that the model can effectively simulate the magnetic hysteresis curves in the alternating magnetization. The research results in this paper lay a foundation for further research in the physical model of ferro-materials in electrical equipment under complex magnetic properties for actual conditions.
引文
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[14]张艳丽,孙小光,谢德馨,等.无取向电工钢片磁致伸缩特性测量与模拟[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):176-181.Zhang Yanli,Sun Xiaoguang,Xie Dexin,et al.Measurement and simulation of magnetostrictive property of non-oriented electrical steel sheet[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):176-181.
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[2]Edward Della Torre.A simplified vector Preisach model[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(2):495-501.
[3]赵国生,李朗如.一种考虑磁滞可逆性的非线性矢量Preisach模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(1):4-6.Zhao Guosheng,Li Langru.A nonlinear vector Preisach model considering reversibility of the hysteresis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(1):4-6.
[4]张长庚,杨庆新,李永建.电工软磁材料旋转磁滞损耗测量及建模[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):208-216.Zhang Changgeng,Yang Qingxin,Li Yongjian.Measurement and modeling of rotational hysteresis loss of electrical soft magnetic materials[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):208-216.
[5]Elbidweihy H.Rotational magnetization lag angle plots using the anisotropic Stoner-Wohlfarth model[J]IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2017.2706191.
[6]Henrotte F,Nicolet A,Hameyer K.An energy-based vector hysteresis model for ferromagnetic materials[J].Compel International Journal for Computation&Mathematics in Electrical&Electronic Engineering,2014,25(1):71-80.
[7]Sudo M,Matsuo T.Magnetization modeling of silicon steel using a simplified domain structure model[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2012,111(7):599-601.
[8]Ito S,Mifune T,Matsuo T,et al.Macroscopic magnetization modeling of silicon steel sheets using an assembly of six-domain particles[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,117(17):2380-2383.
[9]Ito S,Mifune T,Matsuo T,et al.Energy-based magnetization and magnetostriction modeling of grain-oriented silicon steel under vectorial excitations[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2016,52(5):1-4.
[10]李丹丹,刘福贵,李永建,等.一种新的混合矢量磁滞模型磁滞算子定义方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):15-21.Li Dandan,Liu Fugui,Li Yongjian,et al.A new definition method of magnetic hysteresis operator for mixed vector hysteresis model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):15-21.
[11]严密,彭晓领.磁学基础与磁性材料[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.
[12]Sudo M,Mifune T,Matsuo T,et al.A simplified domain structure model exhibiting the pinning field[J]IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2013,49(5):1829-1832.
[13]孙嘉莉.磁纳米结构中的磁化及其磁畴移动[D].南京:扬州大学,2013.
[14]张艳丽,孙小光,谢德馨,等.无取向电工钢片磁致伸缩特性测量与模拟[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):176-181.Zhang Yanli,Sun Xiaoguang,Xie Dexin,et al.Measurement and simulation of magnetostrictive property of non-oriented electrical steel sheet[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):176-181.
[15]奥汉德利.现代磁性材料原理和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[16]Liu Yi,Sellmyer David J.Handbook of advanced magnetic materials[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.
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