自动驾驶地图有关政策的思考和建议
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摘要
自动驾驶地图作为实现汽车自动驾驶的关键基础设施,对于推动我国自动驾驶领域的商业化开发至关重要。现阶段,我国受地图测绘、应用和监管等相关法律法规的制度掣肘,在自动驾驶地图的产业化进程方面相对滞后。为此,本文着重分析了我国在自动驾驶地图开发、应用和管理中面临的主要政策法规问题:自动驾驶地图是否需加密的问题、自动驾驶地图部分地理信息表达受限的问题、自动驾驶地图地理信息采集资质和审图流程的问题、自动驾驶地图事故责任和保险问题、自动驾驶地图相关测试规范和测试场景问题。同时结合国内外自动驾驶领域的发展趋势,给出加快我国自动驾驶汽车开发和商业化进程的四点建议:制定自动驾驶地图管理模式、允许自动驾驶地图应用试点及有序开放、适当放开企业权限及优化审核流程、建立国家级自动驾驶地图平台。
As a key infrastructure to realize autonomous driving, autonomous driving map is crucial to the commercial development of the autonomous driving field in China. Currently, constrained by laws and regulations related to ground mapping, map application,and supervision, the commercialization of autonomous driving maps in China is lagging behind. This paper focuses on the main policy and regulatory issues faced in the development, application, and management of autonomous driving maps in China, i.e., encryption of autonomous driving maps, limitations on geographic information expression, qualifications for geographic information collection and the process for map review, accident liability and insurance issues, as well as autonomous driving map related test specifications and test scenario issues. Meanwhile, combining the development trends of domestic and international autonomous driving fields, this paper proposes four suggestions for accelerating the development and commercialization of autonomous driving vehicles in China: formulating an autonomous driving map management mode, allowing pilot application and orderly opening of autonomous driving maps, appropriately opening up corporate authorization and optimizing the review process, as well as establishing a national-level autonomous driving map platform.
As a key infrastructure to realize autonomous driving, autonomous driving map is crucial to the commercial development of the autonomous driving field in China. Currently, constrained by laws and regulations related to ground mapping, map application,and supervision, the commercialization of autonomous driving maps in China is lagging behind. This paper focuses on the main policy and regulatory issues faced in the development, application, and management of autonomous driving maps in China, i.e., encryption of autonomous driving maps, limitations on geographic information expression, qualifications for geographic information collection and the process for map review, accident liability and insurance issues, as well as autonomous driving map related test specifications and test scenario issues. Meanwhile, combining the development trends of domestic and international autonomous driving fields, this paper proposes four suggestions for accelerating the development and commercialization of autonomous driving vehicles in China: formulating an autonomous driving map management mode, allowing pilot application and orderly opening of autonomous driving maps, appropriately opening up corporate authorization and optimizing the review process, as well as establishing a national-level autonomous driving map platform.
引文
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[2]Guo C,Guo W F,Cao G Y,et al.A lane-level LBS system for vehicle network with high-precision BDS/GPS positioning[J].Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience,2015:1-13.
[3]刘经南,吴杭彬,郭迟,等.高精度道路导航地图的进展与思考[J].中国工程科学,2018,20(2):99-105.Liu J N,Wu H B,Guo C,et al.Progress and consideration of high precision road navigation map[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2018,20(2):99-105.
[4]《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国汽车工程学术研究综述·2017[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(6):1-197.Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport.Review on China’s automotive engineering research progress:2017[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(6):1-197.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 20263-2006,导航电子地图安全处理技术基本要求[S].2006.State Administration for Market Regulation,Standardization Administration of the PRC.GB 20263-2006,Navigable electronic map-Basic requirements of security processing technology[S].2006.
[6]Bauer S,Alkhorshid Y,Wanielik G.Using high-definition maps for precise urban vehicle localization[C].Proceedings of the 2016IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil:IEEE,2016.
[7]Seif H G,Hu X L.Autonomous driving in the iCity-HD maps as a key challenge of the automotive industry[J].Engineering,2016,2(2):159-162.
[8]Zang A,Li Z,Doria D,et al.Accurate vehicle self-localization in high definition map dataset[C].Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIG-SPATIAL Workshop on High-Precision Maps and Intelligent Applications for Autonomous Vehicles.Redondo Beach,California:ACM,2017.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 34590.2-2017,道路车辆功能安全第2部分:功能安全管理[S].2017.State Administration for Market Regulation,Standardization Administration of the PRC.GB/T 34590.2-2017,Road vehiclesFunctional safety-Part 2:Management of functional safety[S].2017.
[10]Yueh-Hsuan W,Hillenbr D.The intelligentization of automobiles Smart-Cars,RoboCars and their safety governance[J].Journal of Science,Technology and Law,2014(4):5.
[11]江溯.自动驾驶汽车对法律的挑战[J].中国法律评论,2018(2):180-189.Jiang S.The challenges of self-driving cars to the law[J].China Law Review,2018(2):180-189.
[12]H?ndel P,Ohlsson J,Ohlsson M,et al.Smartphone-based measurement systems for road vehicle traffic monitoring and usage-based insurance[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2014,8(4):1238-1248.
[13]曹建峰,张嫣红.《英国自动与电动汽车法案》评述:自动驾驶汽车保险和责任规则的革新[J].信息安全与通信保密,2018(10):66-73.Cao J F,Zhang Y H.Review on UK AEV Act:Innovation in insurance and liability rules for autonomous vehicles[J].Information Security and Communications Privacy,2018(10):66-73.
[14]冯洁语.人工智能技术与责任法的变迁--以自动驾驶技术为考察[J].比较法研究,2018(2):143-155.Feng J Y.Artificial intelligence technology and change of liability law:Autopilot as an object of investigation[J].Journal of Comparative Law,2018(2):143-155.
[15]Greenblatt N A.Self-driving cars and the law[J].IEEE Spectrum,2016,53(2):46-51.
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