轨道交通U形梁对轮轨噪声的遮蔽效应研究
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摘要
轮轨噪声是列车在中低速运行时的主要噪声源之一。U形梁为下承式结构,其两侧的腹板可看作低矮的声屏障,能够对轮轨噪声起到一定的遮蔽效应,进而达到降噪效果。以箱形梁为对比,采用边界元分析方法就U形梁对轮轨噪声的遮蔽效应进行定量分析和影响因素研究。首先,对一简单障碍物的遮蔽效应进行分析,验证边界元仿真分析的精度。接着,采用类似的方法建立U形梁和箱形梁的二维边界元模型,以实测列车声源作为声源输入,并定义遮蔽损失为任意受声点在箱形梁和U形梁情况下的声级差。然后,讨论地面声反射和声源的频谱特性对模型计算结果的影响。最后,通过参数分析,研究U形梁的上翼缘宽度、腹板高度和腹板倾角对遮蔽损失的影响规律。结果表明:地面声反射效应对遮蔽损失指标的影响不大;距线路中心30 m处,受声点在不高于轨面高程时,遮蔽损失可达8～10 dB(A);腹板高度是影响遮蔽损失的首要因素。
One of the predominant noise sources of a train operating at low-and medium-speeds is wheel-rail noise. The U-shaped girder is a through type structure,whose webs on both sides of the girder function as low-rise sound barriers,which can shield the wheel-rail noise to a certain extent due to the shadowing effect. Based on the boundary element method(BEM) and comparative analyses on a box-shaped girder,this paper focused on the qualitative analyses and influence factor studies of the shadowing effect. Firstly,the shadowing effect of a simple obstacle was analyzed to validate the precision of BEM simulation analysis. Next,two-dimensional BEM models of a box-shaped girder and an U-shaped girder were built respectively according to the similar approach,in which the measured train noise was defined as the noise source,and the shadowing loss index was defined to represent the difference of sound pressure levels between a box-shaped girder and an U-shaped girder for specific noise receivers. Thirdly,the influences of ground-induced sound reflection and spectral characteristics of the noise source on the simulated results were discussed. At last,the influence of the top flange width,web height and web inclination angle of the U-shaped girder on the shadowing loss was studied using parameter analysis. Results show that the ground-induced sound reflection has little impact on the shadowing loss index. For noise receivers that are not higher than the rail surface and perpendicular to the railway center line at a distance of 30 m,the shadowing loss indices are about 8 to 10 dB(A). The predominant factor that influences the shadowing loss index is the web height.
One of the predominant noise sources of a train operating at low-and medium-speeds is wheel-rail noise. The U-shaped girder is a through type structure,whose webs on both sides of the girder function as low-rise sound barriers,which can shield the wheel-rail noise to a certain extent due to the shadowing effect. Based on the boundary element method(BEM) and comparative analyses on a box-shaped girder,this paper focused on the qualitative analyses and influence factor studies of the shadowing effect. Firstly,the shadowing effect of a simple obstacle was analyzed to validate the precision of BEM simulation analysis. Next,two-dimensional BEM models of a box-shaped girder and an U-shaped girder were built respectively according to the similar approach,in which the measured train noise was defined as the noise source,and the shadowing loss index was defined to represent the difference of sound pressure levels between a box-shaped girder and an U-shaped girder for specific noise receivers. Thirdly,the influences of ground-induced sound reflection and spectral characteristics of the noise source on the simulated results were discussed. At last,the influence of the top flange width,web height and web inclination angle of the U-shaped girder on the shadowing loss was studied using parameter analysis. Results show that the ground-induced sound reflection has little impact on the shadowing loss index. For noise receivers that are not higher than the rail surface and perpendicular to the railway center line at a distance of 30 m,the shadowing loss indices are about 8 to 10 dB(A). The predominant factor that influences the shadowing loss index is the web height.
引文
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[2] 夏禾.交通环境振动工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[3] 张迅.轨道交通桥梁结构噪声预测与控制研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.
[4] 王一干,杨宜谦,刘鹏辉.轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究进展[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2015,37(S):113-119.WANG Yigan,YANG Yiqian,LIU Penghui.Research Progress of Bridge Structure-borne Noise of Rail Transit[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural & Environmental Engineering,2015,37(S):113-119.
[5] 许智焰,刘伟.城市轨道交通高架桥梁梁型选择[C]// 2014年中国(青岛)城市轨道交通管理和技术创新研讨会论文集.北京:中国土木工程学会,2014:200-204.
[6] TOLEDO R,AZNáREZ J J,MAESO O,et al.Optimization of Thin Noise Barrier Designs Using Evolutionary Algorithms and a Dual BEM Formulation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,334:219-238.
[7] DAI F,THOMPSON D J,ZHU Y,et al.Vibration Properties of Slab Track Installed on a Viaduct[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2016,230(1):235-252.
[8] ZHAO Y,LI X S,LV Q,et al.Measuring,Modelling and Optimising an Embedded Rail Track[J].Applied Acoustics,2017,116:70-81.
[9] ISHIZUKA T,FUJIWARA K.Performance of Noise Barriers with Variable Edge Shape and Acoustical Conditions[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65:125-141.
[10] GRUBE?A S,JAMBRO?IC K,DOMITROVIC H.Noise Barriers with Varying Cross-section Optimized by Genetic Algorithms[J].Applied Acoustics,2012,73:1129-1137.
[11] 何宾,肖新标,周信,等.高速铁路声屏障几何形状声学性能数值模拟[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(2):99-107.HE Bin,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHOU Xin,et al.Numerical Study on Acoustic Performance of High-speed Railway Noise Barriers with Different Geometric Shape[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(2):99-107.
[12] MC LAUGHLIN P.Outdoor Sound Propagation and the Boundary Element Method[D].Reading:University of Reading,2005.
[13] CHANDLER-WILDE S N,HOTHERSALL D C.Efficient Calculation of the Green Function for Acoustic Propagation above a Homogeneous Impedance Plane[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,180(5):705-724.
[14] 蒋伟康,张海滨,严莉.高架轨道交通噪声的分析与控制技术研究[J].声学技术,2012,31(2):138-146.JIANG Weikang,ZHANG Haibin,YAN Li.Analysis and Reduction Techniques for Noise of Lifted Railway Transportation[J].Technical Acoustics,2012,31(2):138-146.
[15] International Organization for Standardization.ISO 3095-2005 Railway Applications-Acoustics-Measurement of Noise Emitted by Railbound Vehicles[S].Brussels:International Organization for Standardization,2005.
[16] ZHANG X,LI X Z,ZHANG J Q,et al.A Hybrid FE-SEA Model for the Prediction of Low-frequency Noise Emanating from a Concrete Box-girder Railway Bridge[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2016,230(4):1242-1256.
[17] 高飞,夏禾,安宁.北京地铁5号线高架结构的辐射噪声分析与实验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(5):134-139.GAO Fei,XIA He,AN Ning.Analysis and Experimental Study on the Radiation Noise of the Elevated Structures of Beijing Metro Line 5[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(5):134-139.
[18] LI X Z,ZHANG X,ZHANG Z J,et al.Experimental Research on Noise Emanating from Concrete Box-girder Bridges on Intercity Railway Lines[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2015,229(2):125-135.
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