密闭空间中温度对SF_6/N_2混合气体工频击穿电压的影响规律
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摘要
气体绝缘组合电器会遇到不同的环境温度,为优化SF_6/N_2混合气体设备的设计,研究SF_6/N_2混合气体在工频电压下的击穿电压随温度的变化规律,并分析温度对气体绝缘性能的影响机理。首先分析SF6气体中的电子崩发展过程,发现温度降低导致SF6的附着反应减弱,从而降低其绝缘性能。为验证理论分析,通过试验得到-50℃、-35℃、-18℃、20℃四个温度下,稍不均匀和极不均匀电场中SF_6/N_2混合气体的工频击穿电压。发现在稍不均匀电场中,从20℃降低到-50℃时,SF_6/N_2混合气体的击穿电压降低约10%,在极不均匀电场中降低约12%。与SF_6的试验结果对比发现,稍不均匀电场中SF6的击穿电压随温度下降更显著,但极不均匀电场中SF_6/N_2混合气体的击穿电压随温度下降更明显。考虑导体温升,进一步对比了100℃高温下的情况,发现在-50℃至100℃温度范围内,SF_6/N_2混合气体的工频击穿电压随温度升高呈非线性增大趋势,试验现象验证了理论分析。为补偿极寒条件下SF_6/N_2混合气体的绝缘性能,应适当提高混合气体充气密度或提高SF_6比例。
Gas insulated switchgears always suffer from different environmental temperatures. In order to optimize the insulation design of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas equipment, it is necessary to study the insulated performance of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas under AC voltage. Firstly, the electron attachment process in electric-affinity gas was analyzed by theory, showing that lower temperature made the electron attachment process weaker, thus decreased the insulated performance. To verify the analysis, breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 under different temperatures and different electric field distributions were obtained by experiments. It is found that under quasi-homogenous electric field, from 20℃ down to -50℃,breakdown voltage of SF_6/N_2 is reduced about 10%, which is about 12% under inhomogenous electric field. Under quasi-homogenous electric field, the declining trend of SF_6 is more obvious in the same temperature zone, but in inhomogenous electric field, SF_6/N_2 is more obvious.Considering the temperature rise of conductors, the situation at100℃ was compared. Results show that breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 increase in nonlinear trend as temperature becomes higher. Experimental results have verified the theoretical explanation, and it is concluded that the gas density or SF_6 content should be improved to compensate for reduced insulation performance of cold SF_6/N_2 mixed gas.
Gas insulated switchgears always suffer from different environmental temperatures. In order to optimize the insulation design of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas equipment, it is necessary to study the insulated performance of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas under AC voltage. Firstly, the electron attachment process in electric-affinity gas was analyzed by theory, showing that lower temperature made the electron attachment process weaker, thus decreased the insulated performance. To verify the analysis, breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 under different temperatures and different electric field distributions were obtained by experiments. It is found that under quasi-homogenous electric field, from 20℃ down to -50℃,breakdown voltage of SF_6/N_2 is reduced about 10%, which is about 12% under inhomogenous electric field. Under quasi-homogenous electric field, the declining trend of SF_6 is more obvious in the same temperature zone, but in inhomogenous electric field, SF_6/N_2 is more obvious.Considering the temperature rise of conductors, the situation at100℃ was compared. Results show that breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 increase in nonlinear trend as temperature becomes higher. Experimental results have verified the theoretical explanation, and it is concluded that the gas density or SF_6 content should be improved to compensate for reduced insulation performance of cold SF_6/N_2 mixed gas.
引文
[1]中国电力设备管理协会.基于漠河试验基地的电力设备低温可靠性提升研究[N/OL].(2018-09-03)[2018-10-17].http://www.jinciwei.cn/a372003.html.
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[11]郭璨,张乔根,游浩洋,等.工频下电场不均匀度对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响与临界半径现象[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):780-787.Guo Can,Zhang Qiaogen,You Haoyang,et al.Influence of electric field non-uniformity on discharge characteristics and phenomenon of critical radius in SF6/N2 gas mixtures under power frequency voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):780-787(in Chinese).
[12]李峰,张潇,张周胜.温度变化对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):736-742.Li Feng,Zhang Xiao,Zhang Zhousheng.Effect of temperature variation on discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixtures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):736-742(in Chinese).
[13]覃兆宇,郑宇,周文俊,等.低温下SF6/N2混合气体的雷电冲击绝缘特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):3907-3913.Qin Zhaoyu,Zheng Yu,Zhou Wenjun,et al.Impulse insulation property of SF6/N2 mixture under low temperatures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(12):3907-3913(in Chinese).
[14]Landry M,St-Jean G,Jeanjean R,et al.Dielectric withstand and breaking capacity of SF6 circuit breakers at low temperatures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(3):1029-1035.
[15]Pons A,Leconte C,Willieme J M.Breaking capacity of SF6 circuit-breakers at lowtemperatures[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1993(3):1165-1172.
[16]Frechette M F,Roberge D,Larocque R Y.Breakdown behavior of SF6 gas-insulated systems at low temperature[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1995,2(5):925-951.
[17]Buret F,Beroual A.SF6 dielectric behavior in a high voltage circuit breaker at low temperature under lightning impulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,11(1):267-273.
[18]Datskos P G,Christophorou L G,Carter J G.Temperature dependence of electron attachment and detachment in SF6and c-C4F6[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1993,99(11):8607-8616.
[19]Belevtsev A A,Firsov K N,Kazantsev S Y,et al.On the temperature dependence of the critical reduced electric field in SF6 and mixtures of SF6 with C2H6[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2007,40(5):1368.
[20]李震彪,魏江,朱青成,等.电负性与电亲和性概念的分析[J].电工材料,2017(5):12-14.Li Zhenbiao,Wei Jiang,Zhu Qingcheng,et al.Difference between electronegative and electron affinity[J].Electrical engineering materials,2017(5):12-14(in Chinese).
[21]Hagelaar G J M.Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models[J].Plasma Sources Science&Technology,2005,14(4):722-733.
[22]徐玲铃,程林,杜玮杰,等.CF3I三元混合气体绝缘特性的Boltzmann分析[J].高电压技术,2017(3):721-726.Xu Lingling,Cheng Lin,Du Weijie,et al.Analysis of the insulation characteristic of CF3I ternary gas mixture using boltzmann equation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017(3):721-726(in Chinese).
[23]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2015:61-64.YAN Zhang,ZHU Deheng.High voltage and insulation technology[M].3rd edtion.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015:61-64(in Chinese).
[24]Pedersen A,Mcallister I W,Crichton G C,et al.Formulation of the streamer breakdown criterion and its application to strongly electronegative gases and gas mixtures[J].Archiv Für Elektrotechnik,1984,67(6):395-402.
[25]潘瑞琼,王文勇.一种SF6气体饱和蒸汽压曲线的拟合公式及其应用[J].高压电器,2006,42(2):155-156.Pan Ruiqiong,Wang Wenyong.Approximation formula and application of SF6 saturated steam pressure curve[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(2):155-156(in Chinese).
[26]雷鸣,陈琳.关于GIL和GIS母线产品基本结构尺寸设计探讨[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):128-133.Lei Ming,Chen Lin.Discusses on basic structure design of GIL and GIS busbar[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(4):128-133(in Chinese).
[2]Tenzer M,Koch H,Imamovic D.Underground transmission lines for high power AC and DCtransmission[C]//Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition.IEEE,2016:1-4.
[3]Yan X,Gao K,Li Z,et al.Key properties of eco-friendly mixed gases and its ratio distribution with height[C]//2017 4th International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology(ICEPE-ST),Xi’an,2017.
[4]Christophorou L G,Van Brunt R J.SF6/N2 mixtures:basic and HV insulation properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2002,2(5):952-1003.
[5]Qiu Y,Kuffel E.Comparison of SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 gas mixtures as alternatives to SF6 gas[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1999,6(6):892-895.
[6]郑宇,周文俊,喻剑辉,等.环保型绝缘混合气体的应用特性分析[J].广东电力,2018,31(8):3-8.Zheng Yu,Zhou Wenjun,Yu Jianhui,et al.Analysis on application characteristics of environmental insulated mixed gases[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(8):3-8(in Chinese).
[7]李旭东,周伟,屠幼萍,等.0.1~0.25MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6/N2和SF6/CO2的击穿特性[J].电网技术,2012,36(4):260-264.Li Xudong,Zhou Wei,Tu Youping,et al.Breakdown characteristics of binary gas mixtures SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2under 0.1~0.25MPa atmosphere pressures[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(4):260-264(in Chinese).
[8]牛文军,魏俊梅,张铎,等.550k V SF6/N2充气母线绝缘性能研究[J].高压电器,2014(1):77-80.Niu Wenjun,Wei Junmei,Zhang Duo,et al.Insulation performance of 550kV SF6/N2 busbar[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014(1):77-80(in Chinese).
[9]周文俊,郑宇,高克利,等.环保型绝缘气体电气特性研究进展[J].高电压技术,2018,44(10):3114-3124.Zhou Wenjun,Zheng Yu,Gao Keli,et al.Progress in researching electrical characteristics of environment-friendly insulating gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(10):3114-3124(in Chinese).
[10]郭璨,张乔根,文韬,等.雷电冲击下极不均匀电场中SF6/N2混合气体的协同现象[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):635-641.Guo Can,Zhang Qiaogen,Wen Tao,et al.Synergistic phenomenon of SF6/N2 gas mixtures in non-uniform electric field under lightning impulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):635-641(in Chinese).
[11]郭璨,张乔根,游浩洋,等.工频下电场不均匀度对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响与临界半径现象[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):780-787.Guo Can,Zhang Qiaogen,You Haoyang,et al.Influence of electric field non-uniformity on discharge characteristics and phenomenon of critical radius in SF6/N2 gas mixtures under power frequency voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):780-787(in Chinese).
[12]李峰,张潇,张周胜.温度变化对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):736-742.Li Feng,Zhang Xiao,Zhang Zhousheng.Effect of temperature variation on discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixtures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):736-742(in Chinese).
[13]覃兆宇,郑宇,周文俊,等.低温下SF6/N2混合气体的雷电冲击绝缘特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):3907-3913.Qin Zhaoyu,Zheng Yu,Zhou Wenjun,et al.Impulse insulation property of SF6/N2 mixture under low temperatures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(12):3907-3913(in Chinese).
[14]Landry M,St-Jean G,Jeanjean R,et al.Dielectric withstand and breaking capacity of SF6 circuit breakers at low temperatures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(3):1029-1035.
[15]Pons A,Leconte C,Willieme J M.Breaking capacity of SF6 circuit-breakers at lowtemperatures[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1993(3):1165-1172.
[16]Frechette M F,Roberge D,Larocque R Y.Breakdown behavior of SF6 gas-insulated systems at low temperature[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1995,2(5):925-951.
[17]Buret F,Beroual A.SF6 dielectric behavior in a high voltage circuit breaker at low temperature under lightning impulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,11(1):267-273.
[18]Datskos P G,Christophorou L G,Carter J G.Temperature dependence of electron attachment and detachment in SF6and c-C4F6[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1993,99(11):8607-8616.
[19]Belevtsev A A,Firsov K N,Kazantsev S Y,et al.On the temperature dependence of the critical reduced electric field in SF6 and mixtures of SF6 with C2H6[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2007,40(5):1368.
[20]李震彪,魏江,朱青成,等.电负性与电亲和性概念的分析[J].电工材料,2017(5):12-14.Li Zhenbiao,Wei Jiang,Zhu Qingcheng,et al.Difference between electronegative and electron affinity[J].Electrical engineering materials,2017(5):12-14(in Chinese).
[21]Hagelaar G J M.Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models[J].Plasma Sources Science&Technology,2005,14(4):722-733.
[22]徐玲铃,程林,杜玮杰,等.CF3I三元混合气体绝缘特性的Boltzmann分析[J].高电压技术,2017(3):721-726.Xu Lingling,Cheng Lin,Du Weijie,et al.Analysis of the insulation characteristic of CF3I ternary gas mixture using boltzmann equation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017(3):721-726(in Chinese).
[23]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2015:61-64.YAN Zhang,ZHU Deheng.High voltage and insulation technology[M].3rd edtion.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015:61-64(in Chinese).
[24]Pedersen A,Mcallister I W,Crichton G C,et al.Formulation of the streamer breakdown criterion and its application to strongly electronegative gases and gas mixtures[J].Archiv Für Elektrotechnik,1984,67(6):395-402.
[25]潘瑞琼,王文勇.一种SF6气体饱和蒸汽压曲线的拟合公式及其应用[J].高压电器,2006,42(2):155-156.Pan Ruiqiong,Wang Wenyong.Approximation formula and application of SF6 saturated steam pressure curve[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(2):155-156(in Chinese).
[26]雷鸣,陈琳.关于GIL和GIS母线产品基本结构尺寸设计探讨[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):128-133.Lei Ming,Chen Lin.Discusses on basic structure design of GIL and GIS busbar[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(4):128-133(in Chinese).
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