基于混合公共连接单元的柔性互联多微网结构与控制方法
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摘要
多微网作为单一微电网的结构延伸与功能扩展,是消纳高渗透率可再生能源的重要方式之一。为解决交流互联多微网存在的扰动影响大、控制灵活性差等技术问题,提出多微网柔性互联统一接口——混合公共连接单元,该单元由交直流开关、电压源型换流器以及功率调节装置组成;设计混合公共连接单元的结构、连接模式与控制模式,构建多微网柔性互联结构方案,提出柔性互联多微网并网、孤岛与应急运行模式及其切换方法;建立多层协调控制架构,提出中心层、接口层与微网层控制方法。利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建柔性互联多微网仿真模型,仿真结果,表明所提柔性互联多微网及其控制方法具有良好的稳态与暂态运行性能,不同模式下运行效果均优于指标要求。基于混合公共连接单元的柔性互联多微网是组织与协调高渗透率分布式电源运行的可行方式,适用于对稳定性与灵活性要求较高的多微网群。
Multiple microgrids are the structure extension and function expansion of single microgrid, which is one of the important ways to absorb high-permeability renewable energies.In order to solve the problems of huge disturbance influence and poor control flexibility of the AC interconnected multiple microgrids, this paper proposed a hybrid unit of common coupling for multiple microgrids. The interface consists of AC/DC switches, a voltage source converter and energy storage devices. The study designs the structure, the connection mode and the control mode of the hybrid unit, and constructs the flexible interconnection scheme for multiple microgrids.The gird-connected mode, islanding mode, and emergency mode as well as the mode switch method were then proposed based on the hybrid units of common coupling. The tri-layer coordinated control architecture of central layer, interface layer,and microgrid layer and its control method were also presented.The simulation model of the multiple microgrids based on the hybrid unit of common coupling was built in PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulation shows that the proposed architecture and control method has good steady-state and transient operation performance. Meanwhile, the actual operation results under different modes prove better than the operation requirements.The multiple microgrids based on the hybrid unit of common coupling is a feasible method to organize and coordinate the operation of high-permeability distributed generation. It is suitable for the multiple microgrids that requires high stability and flexibility.
Multiple microgrids are the structure extension and function expansion of single microgrid, which is one of the important ways to absorb high-permeability renewable energies.In order to solve the problems of huge disturbance influence and poor control flexibility of the AC interconnected multiple microgrids, this paper proposed a hybrid unit of common coupling for multiple microgrids. The interface consists of AC/DC switches, a voltage source converter and energy storage devices. The study designs the structure, the connection mode and the control mode of the hybrid unit, and constructs the flexible interconnection scheme for multiple microgrids.The gird-connected mode, islanding mode, and emergency mode as well as the mode switch method were then proposed based on the hybrid units of common coupling. The tri-layer coordinated control architecture of central layer, interface layer,and microgrid layer and its control method were also presented.The simulation model of the multiple microgrids based on the hybrid unit of common coupling was built in PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulation shows that the proposed architecture and control method has good steady-state and transient operation performance. Meanwhile, the actual operation results under different modes prove better than the operation requirements.The multiple microgrids based on the hybrid unit of common coupling is a feasible method to organize and coordinate the operation of high-permeability distributed generation. It is suitable for the multiple microgrids that requires high stability and flexibility.
引文
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[11]裴玮,杜妍,李洪涛,等.应对微网群大规模接入的互联和互动新方案及关键技术[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3193-3203.Pei Wei,Du Yan,Li Hongtao,et al.Novel solution and key technology of interconnection and interaction for large scale microgrid cluster integration[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3193-3203(in Chinese).
[12]王守相,吴志佳,袁霜晨,等.区域多微网系统的多目标优化调度方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2017,29(5):14-20.Wang Shouxiang,Wu Zhijia,Yuan Shuangchen,et al.Method of multi-objective optimal dispatching for regional multi-microgrid system[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2017,29(5):14-20(in Chinese).
[13]谢敏,吉祥,柯少佳,等.基于目标级联分析法的多微网主动配电系统自治优化经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210.Xie Min,Ji Xiang,Ke Shaojia,et al.Autonomous optimized economic dispatch of active distribution power system with multi-microgrids based on analytical target cascading theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE 2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210(in Chinese).
[14]吕天光,艾芊,孙树敏,等.含多微网的主动配电系统综合优化运行行为分析与建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):122-132.Lv Tianguang,Ai Qian,Sun Shumin,et al.Behavioural analysis and optimal operation of active distribution system with multi-microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):122-132(in Chinese).
[15]江润洲,邱晓燕,李丹,等.含储能系统的多微网智能配电系统经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(12):3596-3602.Jiang Runzhou,Qiu Xiaoyan,Li Dan,et al.Economic operation of smart distribution network containing multimicrogrids and energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(12):3596-3602(in Chinese).
[16]Majumder R,Bag G.Parallel operation of converter interfaced multiple microgrids[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014(55):486-496.
[17]Hossain M J,Mahmud M A,Milano F,et al.Design of robust distributed control for interconnected microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(6):2724-2735.
[18]Peyghami S,Mokhtari H,Loh P C,et al.Distributed primary and secondary power sharing in a droopcontrolled LVDC microgrid with merged AC and DCcharacteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(3):2284-2294.
[19]Lu X,Guerrero J M,Sun K,et al.An improved droop control method for DC microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with DC bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy[J].IEEE Transactions Power Electron,2014,29(4):1800-1812.
[20]吴峻,武迪,朱金大,等.多端柔性直流配电网接地方式设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(9):2551-2561.Wu Jun,Wu Di,Zhu Jinda,et al.Grounding method design of multi-terminal flexible DC distribution[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(9):2551-2561(in Chinese).
[21]Yuen C,Oudalov A,Timbus A.The provision of frequency control reserves from multiple microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(1):173-183.
[22]Wu P,Huang W,Tai N,et al.A novel design of architecture and control for multiple microgrids with hybrid AC/DC connection[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):1002-1016.
[23]葛乐,陆文涛,袁晓冬,等.背靠背柔性直流互联的有源配电网合环优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):135-141.Ge Le,Lu Wentao,Yuan Xiaodong,et al.Back-to-back VSC-HVDC based loop-closed optimal operation for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2017,41(6):135-141(in Chinese).
[24]Pei Wei,Deng Wei,Zhang Xue,et al.Potential of using multiterminal LVDC to improve plug-in electric vehicle integration in an existing distribution network[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3101-3111.
[25]蔡新红,赵成勇,庞辉,等.向无源网络供电的MMC-HVDC系统控制与保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(3):405-414.Cai Xinhong,Zhao Chengyong,Pang Hui,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC supplying passive networks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(3):405-414(in Chinese).
[2]Nisar A,Thomas M S.Comprehensive control for microgrid autonomous operation with demand response[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(5):2081-2089.
[3]黄文焘,邰能灵,范春菊,等.微电网结构特性分析与设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(18):149-155.Huang Wentao,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Study on structure characteristics and designing of microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(18):149-155(in Chinese).
[4]郭力,富晓鹏,李霞林,等.独立交流微网中电池储能与柴油发电机的协调控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):70-78,12.Guo Li,Fu Xiaopeng,Li Xialin,et al.Coordinated control of battery storage and diesel generators in isolated ACmicrogrid systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):70-78,12(in Chinese).
[5]白建华,辛颂旭,刘俊,等.中国实现高比例可再生能源发展路径研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3699-3705.Bai Jianhua,Xin Songxu,Liu Jun,et al.Roadmap of realizing the high penetration renewable energy in China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3699-3705(in Chinese).
[6]余贻鑫,栾文鹏.智能电网述评[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(34):1-8.Yu Yixin,Luan Wenpeng.Smart grid review[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(34):1-8(in Chinese).
[7]周念成,金明,王强钢,等.串联和并联结构的多微网系统分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(12):13-18,74.Zhou Niancheng,Jin Ming,Wang Qianggang,et al.Hierarchical coordination control strategy for multi-microgrid system with series and parallel structure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(12):13-18,74(in Chinese).
[8]赵敏,陈颖,沈沉,等.微电网群特征分析及示范工程设计[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1469-1476.Zhao Min,Chen Ying,Shen Chen,et al.Characteristic analysis of multi-microgrids and a pilot project design[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1469-1476(in Chinese).
[9]European Commission.Advanced architecture and control concepts for more microgrids[R/OL].(2014-01-04).[2019-03-29].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a4ba272a6edb6f1aff001fc5.html.
[10]Hatziargyriou N.Microgrids:Architectures and control[M].United Kingdom:John Wiley and Sons Ltd,2014:165-203.
[11]裴玮,杜妍,李洪涛,等.应对微网群大规模接入的互联和互动新方案及关键技术[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3193-3203.Pei Wei,Du Yan,Li Hongtao,et al.Novel solution and key technology of interconnection and interaction for large scale microgrid cluster integration[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3193-3203(in Chinese).
[12]王守相,吴志佳,袁霜晨,等.区域多微网系统的多目标优化调度方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2017,29(5):14-20.Wang Shouxiang,Wu Zhijia,Yuan Shuangchen,et al.Method of multi-objective optimal dispatching for regional multi-microgrid system[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2017,29(5):14-20(in Chinese).
[13]谢敏,吉祥,柯少佳,等.基于目标级联分析法的多微网主动配电系统自治优化经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210.Xie Min,Ji Xiang,Ke Shaojia,et al.Autonomous optimized economic dispatch of active distribution power system with multi-microgrids based on analytical target cascading theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE 2017,37(17):4911-4921,5210(in Chinese).
[14]吕天光,艾芊,孙树敏,等.含多微网的主动配电系统综合优化运行行为分析与建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):122-132.Lv Tianguang,Ai Qian,Sun Shumin,et al.Behavioural analysis and optimal operation of active distribution system with multi-microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):122-132(in Chinese).
[15]江润洲,邱晓燕,李丹,等.含储能系统的多微网智能配电系统经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(12):3596-3602.Jiang Runzhou,Qiu Xiaoyan,Li Dan,et al.Economic operation of smart distribution network containing multimicrogrids and energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(12):3596-3602(in Chinese).
[16]Majumder R,Bag G.Parallel operation of converter interfaced multiple microgrids[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014(55):486-496.
[17]Hossain M J,Mahmud M A,Milano F,et al.Design of robust distributed control for interconnected microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(6):2724-2735.
[18]Peyghami S,Mokhtari H,Loh P C,et al.Distributed primary and secondary power sharing in a droopcontrolled LVDC microgrid with merged AC and DCcharacteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(3):2284-2294.
[19]Lu X,Guerrero J M,Sun K,et al.An improved droop control method for DC microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with DC bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy[J].IEEE Transactions Power Electron,2014,29(4):1800-1812.
[20]吴峻,武迪,朱金大,等.多端柔性直流配电网接地方式设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(9):2551-2561.Wu Jun,Wu Di,Zhu Jinda,et al.Grounding method design of multi-terminal flexible DC distribution[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(9):2551-2561(in Chinese).
[21]Yuen C,Oudalov A,Timbus A.The provision of frequency control reserves from multiple microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(1):173-183.
[22]Wu P,Huang W,Tai N,et al.A novel design of architecture and control for multiple microgrids with hybrid AC/DC connection[J].Applied Energy,2018(210):1002-1016.
[23]葛乐,陆文涛,袁晓冬,等.背靠背柔性直流互联的有源配电网合环优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):135-141.Ge Le,Lu Wentao,Yuan Xiaodong,et al.Back-to-back VSC-HVDC based loop-closed optimal operation for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2017,41(6):135-141(in Chinese).
[24]Pei Wei,Deng Wei,Zhang Xue,et al.Potential of using multiterminal LVDC to improve plug-in electric vehicle integration in an existing distribution network[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3101-3111.
[25]蔡新红,赵成勇,庞辉,等.向无源网络供电的MMC-HVDC系统控制与保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(3):405-414.Cai Xinhong,Zhao Chengyong,Pang Hui,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDC supplying passive networks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(3):405-414(in Chinese).
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