城市公园恢复性评价心理模型研究——基于环境偏好及场所依恋理论视角
|
摘要
环境偏好是游憩者对城市公园环境的一种评价,场所依恋是游憩者与城市公园之间的情感联结,而恢复性评价则是人在城市公园中感知到的心理健康效益。论述了环境偏好、场所依恋及恢复性评价之间的关系,借鉴自我调节理论,构建了城市公园恢复性评价心理模型,并以福州的9个城市公园为例,进行模型验证。结果表明,城市公园的恢复性评价心理路径有2条,分别是"环境偏好→恢复性评价"的简单影响路径和"环境偏好→场所依赖→场所认同→恢复性评价"的综合复杂影响路径。表明游憩者在城市公园中的恢复性感知是一个渐进式的心理感知过程,尤其是在具有场所依恋情感的环境中,经历了"环境认知评价→情感响应→情绪启动"的心理过程,认清这种复杂的心理路径对今后塑造更具恢复性的城市公园景观具有一定的指导借鉴意义。
Environmental preference, as an expression of human need and desire, has a strong influence on a person's attitude toward the environment. Place attachment can be described as a complex and psychological relationship or bond between an individual and the environment. Perceived restoration of urban parks plays an important role in people's psychological health. This study focuses on the relationship among environmental preference, restoration and place attachment, and the inherent psychological mechanisms. The aim is to discover the internal mechanisms of perceived restoration and provide theoretical basis and decision support for environmental design. Firstly, the paper summarizes current research on the relationship between environmental preference, place attachment and restorative perception and proposes a new conceptual model to depict the relationship among them based on the self-regulation theory. Next, 9 urban parks in Fuzhou are chosen as the study area for empirical analysis. Finally, it is found that there are two paths, one is "environmental preference→perceived restoration" and the other one is "environmental preference→place dependence→place identify→perceived restoration". Therefore, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism by which people's perception of constructed environments-urban parks influence people's physical and mental health, and it also provides a reference for park designers and managers.
Environmental preference, as an expression of human need and desire, has a strong influence on a person's attitude toward the environment. Place attachment can be described as a complex and psychological relationship or bond between an individual and the environment. Perceived restoration of urban parks plays an important role in people's psychological health. This study focuses on the relationship among environmental preference, restoration and place attachment, and the inherent psychological mechanisms. The aim is to discover the internal mechanisms of perceived restoration and provide theoretical basis and decision support for environmental design. Firstly, the paper summarizes current research on the relationship between environmental preference, place attachment and restorative perception and proposes a new conceptual model to depict the relationship among them based on the self-regulation theory. Next, 9 urban parks in Fuzhou are chosen as the study area for empirical analysis. Finally, it is found that there are two paths, one is "environmental preference→perceived restoration" and the other one is "environmental preference→place dependence→place identify→perceived restoration". Therefore, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism by which people's perception of constructed environments-urban parks influence people's physical and mental health, and it also provides a reference for park designers and managers.
引文
[1]Hietanen J K,Korpela K M.Do both negative and positive environmental scenes elicit rapid affective processing?[J].Environment and Behavior,2004,36(4):558-577.
[2]Hietanen J K,Klemettil?T,Kettunen J E,et al.What is a nice smile like that doing in a place like this?Automatic affective responses to environments influence the recognition of facial expressions[J].Psychological Research,2007,71(5):539-552.
[3]Tyrv?inen L,Ojala A,Korpela K,et al.The influence of urban green environments on stress relief measures:A field experiment[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2014,38:1-9.
[4]Adevi A A,M?rtensson F.Stress rehabilitation through garden therapy:The garden as a place in the recovery from stress[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(2):230-237.
[5]Scopelliti M,Giuliani M V.Choosing restorative environments across the lifespan:A matter of place experience[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2004,24(4):423-437.
[6]Coon J T,Boddy K,Stein K,et al.Does Participating in Physical Activity in Outdoor Natural Environments Have a Greater Effect on Physical and Mental Wellbeing than Physical Activity Indoors?A Systematic Review[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(5):1761-1772.
[7]Bowler D E,Buyungali L M,Knight T M,et al.A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments[J].Bmc Public Health,2010,10:456.
[8]Hartig T,Mitchell R,De V S,et al.Nature and health[J].Annual Review of Public Health,2014,35(1):207-228.
[9]Lengen C,Kistemann T.Sense of place and place identity:review of neuroscientific evidence[J].Health&Place,2012,18(5):1162-1171.
[10]Maas J,Dillen S M E,Verheij R A,et al.Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health[J].Health&Place,2009,15(2):586-595.
[11]Seeland K,Dübendorfer S,Hansmann R.Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks:the role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy&Economics,2009,11(1):10-17.
[12]Kim J,Kaplan R.Physical and Psychological Factors in Sense of Community:New Urbanist Kentlands and Nearby Orchard Village[J].Environment&Behavior,2004,36(3):313-340.
[13]Purcell T,Peron E,Berto R.Why do Preferences Differ between Scene Types?[J].Environment&Behavior,2001,33(1):93-106.
[14]White E V,Gatersleben B.Greenery on residential buildings:Does it affect preferences and perceptions of beauty?[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2011,31(1):89-98.
[15]K a p l a n R.P a t t e r n s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l preference[J].Environment and Behavior,1977,9(2):195-216.
[16]Kaplan S,Kaplan R.Cognition and Environment:Coping in an Uncertain World[M].New York:Praeger,1982.
[17]黄章展,黄芳铭,周先捷.环境偏好与环境恢复性评价关系之研究:以山景景观为例[J].户外游憩研究,2008,21(1):1-25.
[18]Scannell L,Gifford R.Defining place attachment:A tripartite organizing framework[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(1):1-10.
[19]Williams D R,Roggenbuck J W.Measuring place attachment:some preliminary results[C]//Mc Avoy L H,Howard D.Abstracts of the 1989 Leisure Research Symposium.Arlington,VA:National Recreation and Park Association,1989:32.
[20]Williams D R,Patterson M E,Roggenbuck J W,et al.Beyondthe commodity metaphor:Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place[J].Leisure Sciences,1992,14(1):29-46.
[21]池丽萍,苏谦.青少年依恋环境的情绪启动和注意恢复功能[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(5):471-477.
[22]Ulrich R S.View through a window may influence recovery from surgery[J].Science,1984,224:420-421.
[23]Kil N,Holland S M,Stein T V.Improving the management of natural resource recreation areas through understanding place-attached visitor segments[J].Journal of Park&Recreation Administration,2010,28(3):16-41.
[24]Ryan R L.Attachment to urban natural areas:effects of environmental experience[D].Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan,1997.
[25]Moore R L,Graefe A R.Attachments to recreation settings:the case of rail-trail users[J].Leisure Sciences,1994,16(1):17-31.
[26]Lasarus R S.Emotion and Adaptation[M].New York:Oxford Press,1991.
[27]Bagozzi R P.The self-regulation of attitudes,intentions and behavior[J].Social Psychology Quarterly,1992,55(2):178-204.
[28]Thompson B.Ten commandments of structural equation modeling[C]//Grimm L G,Yarnold P R.Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics.Washington,D.C.:American Psychological Association,2000:261-283.
[29]高军,马耀峰,吴必虎.结构方程模型之旅游研究近况:理性回顾、审视与反思[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(7):98-111.
[30]丁风芹,姜洪涛,侯松岩,等.中国传统古村镇游客重游意愿的影响因素及作用机理研究:以周庄为例[J].人文地理,2015(6):146-152.
[31]游苑伟,曾昭旭,凌德麟,等.审美层次与恢复:以中国美学建构的恢复理论[J].建筑与城乡研究学报,2006(13):33-43.
[2]Hietanen J K,Klemettil?T,Kettunen J E,et al.What is a nice smile like that doing in a place like this?Automatic affective responses to environments influence the recognition of facial expressions[J].Psychological Research,2007,71(5):539-552.
[3]Tyrv?inen L,Ojala A,Korpela K,et al.The influence of urban green environments on stress relief measures:A field experiment[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2014,38:1-9.
[4]Adevi A A,M?rtensson F.Stress rehabilitation through garden therapy:The garden as a place in the recovery from stress[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(2):230-237.
[5]Scopelliti M,Giuliani M V.Choosing restorative environments across the lifespan:A matter of place experience[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2004,24(4):423-437.
[6]Coon J T,Boddy K,Stein K,et al.Does Participating in Physical Activity in Outdoor Natural Environments Have a Greater Effect on Physical and Mental Wellbeing than Physical Activity Indoors?A Systematic Review[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(5):1761-1772.
[7]Bowler D E,Buyungali L M,Knight T M,et al.A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments[J].Bmc Public Health,2010,10:456.
[8]Hartig T,Mitchell R,De V S,et al.Nature and health[J].Annual Review of Public Health,2014,35(1):207-228.
[9]Lengen C,Kistemann T.Sense of place and place identity:review of neuroscientific evidence[J].Health&Place,2012,18(5):1162-1171.
[10]Maas J,Dillen S M E,Verheij R A,et al.Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health[J].Health&Place,2009,15(2):586-595.
[11]Seeland K,Dübendorfer S,Hansmann R.Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks:the role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J].Forest Policy&Economics,2009,11(1):10-17.
[12]Kim J,Kaplan R.Physical and Psychological Factors in Sense of Community:New Urbanist Kentlands and Nearby Orchard Village[J].Environment&Behavior,2004,36(3):313-340.
[13]Purcell T,Peron E,Berto R.Why do Preferences Differ between Scene Types?[J].Environment&Behavior,2001,33(1):93-106.
[14]White E V,Gatersleben B.Greenery on residential buildings:Does it affect preferences and perceptions of beauty?[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2011,31(1):89-98.
[15]K a p l a n R.P a t t e r n s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l preference[J].Environment and Behavior,1977,9(2):195-216.
[16]Kaplan S,Kaplan R.Cognition and Environment:Coping in an Uncertain World[M].New York:Praeger,1982.
[17]黄章展,黄芳铭,周先捷.环境偏好与环境恢复性评价关系之研究:以山景景观为例[J].户外游憩研究,2008,21(1):1-25.
[18]Scannell L,Gifford R.Defining place attachment:A tripartite organizing framework[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(1):1-10.
[19]Williams D R,Roggenbuck J W.Measuring place attachment:some preliminary results[C]//Mc Avoy L H,Howard D.Abstracts of the 1989 Leisure Research Symposium.Arlington,VA:National Recreation and Park Association,1989:32.
[20]Williams D R,Patterson M E,Roggenbuck J W,et al.Beyondthe commodity metaphor:Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place[J].Leisure Sciences,1992,14(1):29-46.
[21]池丽萍,苏谦.青少年依恋环境的情绪启动和注意恢复功能[J].心理发展与教育,2012,28(5):471-477.
[22]Ulrich R S.View through a window may influence recovery from surgery[J].Science,1984,224:420-421.
[23]Kil N,Holland S M,Stein T V.Improving the management of natural resource recreation areas through understanding place-attached visitor segments[J].Journal of Park&Recreation Administration,2010,28(3):16-41.
[24]Ryan R L.Attachment to urban natural areas:effects of environmental experience[D].Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan,1997.
[25]Moore R L,Graefe A R.Attachments to recreation settings:the case of rail-trail users[J].Leisure Sciences,1994,16(1):17-31.
[26]Lasarus R S.Emotion and Adaptation[M].New York:Oxford Press,1991.
[27]Bagozzi R P.The self-regulation of attitudes,intentions and behavior[J].Social Psychology Quarterly,1992,55(2):178-204.
[28]Thompson B.Ten commandments of structural equation modeling[C]//Grimm L G,Yarnold P R.Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics.Washington,D.C.:American Psychological Association,2000:261-283.
[29]高军,马耀峰,吴必虎.结构方程模型之旅游研究近况:理性回顾、审视与反思[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(7):98-111.
[30]丁风芹,姜洪涛,侯松岩,等.中国传统古村镇游客重游意愿的影响因素及作用机理研究:以周庄为例[J].人文地理,2015(6):146-152.
[31]游苑伟,曾昭旭,凌德麟,等.审美层次与恢复:以中国美学建构的恢复理论[J].建筑与城乡研究学报,2006(13):33-43.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |