螺旋匝道和螺旋桥的小客车行驶速度特征
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摘要
为明确螺旋匝道和螺旋桥处的驾驶行为模式和汽车运行特征,在涪陵长江一桥、乌江二桥、重庆融侨大道和涪陵金凯环形高架4处地点开展螺旋匝道实车试验,用车载仪器采集自然驾驶状态下的汽车连续行驶轨迹、速度以及周围行驶环境等信息。基于自然驾驶数据,研究螺旋匝道范围内的速度变化模式、幅值特性以及影响因素。研究结果表明:单车道螺旋匝道的速度变化模式多样化,双车道螺旋匝道的行驶速度在整体上维持稳定,匝道范围内的连续升坡和降坡并未导致速度出现趋势性衰减和趋势性升高;螺旋匝道并入主线时,驾驶人在合流鼻之前有明显的、共性的减速行为,这与现行设计标准中的设计假定相反;除涪陵长江一桥之外,其余3处都是下行速度低于上行速度;螺旋匝道设计速度越低,实测速度与设计速度之间的偏离越严重,并且速度幅值离散化,因此不建议使用20 km·h~(-1)的匝道设计速度;螺旋匝道运行速度与匝道半径成正相关。
As the driving patterns and dynamic characteristics of running vehicles on helical ramps and helical bridges remain unclear, field driving tests using real passenger cars were conducted on the Fuling Yangtze bridge, the second Wujiang bridge, Chongqing Rongqiao road, and the JinKai Bridge Loop. The track and speed of the naturally driven cars, as well as the environment around the cars, were collected by onboard instruments. Based on this naturalistic driving data, the trends, amplitude, and influencing factors upon speed were analyzed. The main findings of this research include the following. Helical ramps with a single lane exhibit various patterns with change in speed, while the speed on helical ramps with two lanes remains at a fixed value on the whole, although it fluctuates locally. Continuous ascent/descent in an upward ramp does not result in a decrease/increase in speed; Drivers usually decelerate their cars before the physical gore, where the helical ramp merges into the main line, which is the opposite of the design assumptions recommended by current interchange design guidelines; The negotiation speed on the upward ramps of the Yangtze Bridge is lower than that on the downward ramps, whereas the inverse result is found at the other three sites; A lower ramp design speed could lead to a larger deviation between it and the actual speed, and more dispersed sample speed data; thus, 20 km·h~(-1) is not recommended as the ramp design speed; The operating speed on helical ramps is positively correlated with the radius of the ramp.
As the driving patterns and dynamic characteristics of running vehicles on helical ramps and helical bridges remain unclear, field driving tests using real passenger cars were conducted on the Fuling Yangtze bridge, the second Wujiang bridge, Chongqing Rongqiao road, and the JinKai Bridge Loop. The track and speed of the naturally driven cars, as well as the environment around the cars, were collected by onboard instruments. Based on this naturalistic driving data, the trends, amplitude, and influencing factors upon speed were analyzed. The main findings of this research include the following. Helical ramps with a single lane exhibit various patterns with change in speed, while the speed on helical ramps with two lanes remains at a fixed value on the whole, although it fluctuates locally. Continuous ascent/descent in an upward ramp does not result in a decrease/increase in speed; Drivers usually decelerate their cars before the physical gore, where the helical ramp merges into the main line, which is the opposite of the design assumptions recommended by current interchange design guidelines; The negotiation speed on the upward ramps of the Yangtze Bridge is lower than that on the downward ramps, whereas the inverse result is found at the other three sites; A lower ramp design speed could lead to a larger deviation between it and the actual speed, and more dispersed sample speed data; thus, 20 km·h~(-1) is not recommended as the ramp design speed; The operating speed on helical ramps is positively correlated with the radius of the ramp.
引文
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[14] 赵永平.螺旋展线在山区高速公路中的应用研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.ZHAO Yong-ping.Helix Line Development Application of Research in Mountain Highway [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[15] 姜迪.水(富)麻(柳湾)高速公路螺旋展线路段安全性评价与对策研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.JIANG Di.Safeguard Research and Safety Evaluation of the Helix Line Development in Shui (fu) Ma (liuwan) Highway [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[16] IVORRA S,FOTI D,BRU D,et al.Dynamic Behavior of a Pedestrian Bridge in Alicante,Spain [J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2015,29 (5):1-10.
[17] POLUS A,LIVNEH M,FACTOR J.Vehicle Flow Characteristics on Acceleration Lanes [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1985,111 (6):595-606.
[18] LIVNEH M,POLUS A,FACTOR J.Vehicle Behavior on Deceleration Lanes [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1988,114 (6):706-717.
[19] AHAMMED M A,HASSAN Y,SAYED T A.Modeling Driver Behavior and Safety on Freeway Merging Areas [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2008,134 (9):370-377.
[20] FITZPATRICK K,CHRYSLER S T,BREWER M.Deceleration Lengths for Exit Terminals [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138 (6):768-775.
[21] ZIRKEL B,PARK S,MCFADDEN J,et al.Analysis of Sight Distance,Crash Rate,and Operating Speed Relationships for Low-volume Single-lane Roundabouts in the United States [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2013,139 (6):566-573.
[22] PERCO P,MARCHIONNA A,FALCONETTI N.Prediction of the Operating Speed Profile Approaching and Departing Intersections [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138 (12):1476-1483.
[2] 赵永平,杨少伟,吴华金,等.山区高速公路螺旋展线隧道内平曲线最小半径[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2007,27(6):72-75.ZHAO Yong-ping,YANG Shao-wei,WU Hua-jin,et al.Helix Line Development's Minimum Radius of Horizontal Curve in Freeway Tunnel [J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2007,27 (6):72-75.
[3] 张作胜,赵桂娥,杨长清.螺旋形匝道结构设计[J].湖南交通科技,2017,43(2):182-186.ZHANG Zuo-sheng,ZHAO Gui-e,YANG Chang-qing.Structure Design of Helical Ramps [J].Hunan Communication Science and Technology,2017,43 (2):182-186.
[4] 张文.新型螺旋式T形互通立交设计探讨[J].交通科技,2014(5):145-147,151.ZHANG Wen.Discussion on New Kind of T-shaped Interchange Design [J].Transportation Science & Technology,2014 (5):145-147,151.
[5] 赖亚平,杨春,任国雷.涪陵乌江二桥螺旋匝道设计[J].桥梁建设,2007(1):47-50.LAI Ya-ping,YANG Chun,REN Guo-lei.Design of Spiral Ramp Bridge of the Second Fuling Wujiang River Bridge [J].Bridge Construction,2007 (1):47-50.
[6] 杨春,赖亚平,任国雷.一种立交螺旋匝道的新型结构设计[J].公路,2008(10):18-21.YANG Chun,LAI Ya-ping,REN Guo-lei.A New Structure Design of Helical Ramps [J].Highway,2008 (10):18-21.
[7] 李思东,赵智慧,刘明志.涪陵长江一桥南桥头螺旋匝道结构设计和计算分析[J].中国新技术新产品,2016(10):104-105.LI Si-dong,ZHAO Zhi-hui,LIU Ming-zhi.Structure Design and Calculation of Helical Ramp of Fuling Yangtze River Bridge [J].New Technology and New Products of China,2016 (10):104-105.
[8] 王伟.重庆融侨大道双层螺旋桥模板支撑体系的地基处理[J].建筑施工,2010,32(8):864-865,871.WANG Wei.Foundation Treatment for Double-deck Spiral Bridge on Chongqing Rongqiao Avenue [J].Building Construction,2010,32 (8):864-865,871.
[9] 张智勇,郝晓云,吴文斌,等.互通立交匝道运行速度预测模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(1):93-99.ZHANG Zhi-yong,HAO Xiao-yun,WU Wen-bin,et al.The Running Speed Prediction Model of Interchange Ramp [J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15 (1):93-99.
[10] 张驰,闫晓敏,李小伟,等.互通式立交单车道出口小客车运行速度模型[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(6):279-286.ZHANG Chi,YAN Xiao-min,LI Xiao-wei,et al.Operating Speed Model of Passenger Car at Single-lane Exit of Interchange [J].China Journal of Highway and Transportation,2017,30 (6):279-286.
[11] 王海君,杨少伟.高速公路互通式立交单车道减速车道长度研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(3):124-128.WANG Hai-jun,YANG Shao-wei.Research of Length of Deceleration Lane at Expressway Interchange [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32 (3):124-128.
[12] GUO Z,WAN H,ZHAO Y,et al.Driving Simulation Study on Speed-change Lanes of the Multi-lane Freeway Interchange [J].Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013 (96):60-69.
[13] 胡江碧,朱强斌.高速公路立交区驾驶员行为特性分析[C]// 第七届中国智能交通年会学术委员会.第七届中国智能交通年会优秀论文集——智能交通技术.北京:第七届中国智能交通年会学术委员会,2012:16-23.HU Jiang-bi,ZHU Qiang-bin.Analysis on Driver's Behavior in Interchange of Expressway [C]//Academic Commission of 7th ITS-China.The 7th ITS Annual Meeting of China-Intelligent Transportation Technology.Beijing:Academic Commission of 7th ITS-China,2012:16-23.
[14] 赵永平.螺旋展线在山区高速公路中的应用研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.ZHAO Yong-ping.Helix Line Development Application of Research in Mountain Highway [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[15] 姜迪.水(富)麻(柳湾)高速公路螺旋展线路段安全性评价与对策研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.JIANG Di.Safeguard Research and Safety Evaluation of the Helix Line Development in Shui (fu) Ma (liuwan) Highway [D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[16] IVORRA S,FOTI D,BRU D,et al.Dynamic Behavior of a Pedestrian Bridge in Alicante,Spain [J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2015,29 (5):1-10.
[17] POLUS A,LIVNEH M,FACTOR J.Vehicle Flow Characteristics on Acceleration Lanes [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1985,111 (6):595-606.
[18] LIVNEH M,POLUS A,FACTOR J.Vehicle Behavior on Deceleration Lanes [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,1988,114 (6):706-717.
[19] AHAMMED M A,HASSAN Y,SAYED T A.Modeling Driver Behavior and Safety on Freeway Merging Areas [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2008,134 (9):370-377.
[20] FITZPATRICK K,CHRYSLER S T,BREWER M.Deceleration Lengths for Exit Terminals [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138 (6):768-775.
[21] ZIRKEL B,PARK S,MCFADDEN J,et al.Analysis of Sight Distance,Crash Rate,and Operating Speed Relationships for Low-volume Single-lane Roundabouts in the United States [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2013,139 (6):566-573.
[22] PERCO P,MARCHIONNA A,FALCONETTI N.Prediction of the Operating Speed Profile Approaching and Departing Intersections [J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138 (12):1476-1483.
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