甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区土地荒漠化特征分析
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摘要
【目的】了解甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区荒漠化土地现状和空间分布特征.【方法】基于遥感影像数据和地面调查相结合的方法,对保护区内荒漠化类型、程度、分布进行了调查.【结果】1)保护区荒漠化土地表现为风蚀荒漠化和盐渍荒漠化两种类型,以风蚀荒漠化为主,面积为383 692.68 hm~2,占保护区荒漠化土地总面积的99.30%.2)保护区荒漠化程度较重,以极重度荒漠化和重度荒漠化为主,占保护区荒漠化土地面积的65.20%;两种荒漠化类型发生的荒漠化程度不同,风蚀荒漠化发生程度较重,以极重度和重度荒漠化为主,占风蚀荒漠化土地总面积的65.59%,而盐渍化荒漠化发生的程度相对较轻,以中度荒漠化为主,占盐渍化荒漠化土地总面积的83.31%.3)保护区不同的土地利用类型中林地用地和未利用土地占有的荒漠化土地面积最大,占保护区荒漠化土地面积的89.56%,且以风蚀荒漠化为主,面积达343 558.65 hm~2;不同土地利用类型发生荒漠化的程度不同,林地和耕地荒漠化程度以中度为主,分别占林地和耕地荒漠化面积的43.01%和87.42%,草地以重度为主,占草地荒漠化面积的63.20%,未利用地以极重度为主,占未利用地荒漠化面积的89.28%.【结论】甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区土地荒漠化类型单一以风蚀为主,荒漠化发生程度较重,以极重度和重度为主,且主要存在未利用地中,开展林业生态工程建设和封育保护减少人为破坏是遏制保护区荒漠化发展的有效途径.
【Objective】 To find out the situation and spatial distribution of desertification land in Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve of Gansu.【Method】 Based on the combination of remote sensing image data and ground survey,the types,degrees and distribution of desertification in research area were studied.【Result】 The desertification land area in the reserve was mainly performed as wind erosion and saline,in which wind erosion was the main form,with an area of 383 692.68 hm~2,accounting for 99.30% of the total desertification land in the reserve.The degree of desertification in nature reserve was serious,mainly in extremely severe and severe degrees,accounting for 65.20% of the desertification land area in the nature reserve.The degree of occurrence of two types of desertification was different.The degree of wind erosion desertification was more serious,mainly in extremely severe and severe desertification,accounting for 65.59% of the total area of wind erosion desertification land,while the degree of salinization desertification was relatively light,mainly in moderate desertification,accounting for 83.31% of the total area of saline desertification land.The largest area of desertification land was from the forest land and unused land,accounting for 89.56% of the desertification land area of the reserve,and it was dominated by wind erosion,with an area of 343 558.65 hm~2;Different land use types showed different degrees of desertification,the desertification degrees of forest land and cultivated land were mainly moderate,accounting for 43.01% and 87.42% respectively.The desertification degree of grassland was mainly severe,accounting for 63.20% of the grassland desertification area.And it was mainly extremely severe for unused land,accounting for 89.28% of the unused land desertification area.【Conclusion】 Wind erosion was the main type of desertification in Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,and mainly existed in unused land,the degree of desertification was extreme and severe degrees.
【Objective】 To find out the situation and spatial distribution of desertification land in Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve of Gansu.【Method】 Based on the combination of remote sensing image data and ground survey,the types,degrees and distribution of desertification in research area were studied.【Result】 The desertification land area in the reserve was mainly performed as wind erosion and saline,in which wind erosion was the main form,with an area of 383 692.68 hm~2,accounting for 99.30% of the total desertification land in the reserve.The degree of desertification in nature reserve was serious,mainly in extremely severe and severe degrees,accounting for 65.20% of the desertification land area in the nature reserve.The degree of occurrence of two types of desertification was different.The degree of wind erosion desertification was more serious,mainly in extremely severe and severe desertification,accounting for 65.59% of the total area of wind erosion desertification land,while the degree of salinization desertification was relatively light,mainly in moderate desertification,accounting for 83.31% of the total area of saline desertification land.The largest area of desertification land was from the forest land and unused land,accounting for 89.56% of the desertification land area of the reserve,and it was dominated by wind erosion,with an area of 343 558.65 hm~2;Different land use types showed different degrees of desertification,the desertification degrees of forest land and cultivated land were mainly moderate,accounting for 43.01% and 87.42% respectively.The desertification degree of grassland was mainly severe,accounting for 63.20% of the grassland desertification area.And it was mainly extremely severe for unused land,accounting for 89.28% of the unused land desertification area.【Conclusion】 Wind erosion was the main type of desertification in Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province,and mainly existed in unused land,the degree of desertification was extreme and severe degrees.
引文
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[2] 王非,毋兆鹏,汪洋,等.基于RS和GIS的塔里木盆地荒漠化动态监测[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):1029-1037.
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[5] 张强,吴佩芸.基于RS和GIS的自然保护区生态保护状况评价:以甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区为例[J].甘肃科技,2017,33(14):36-38.
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[10] 王天强,汤萃文,齐国翠,等.连古城自然保护区生态经济系统的能值分析[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2014,23(1):68-71.
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[18] 本刊记者.甘肃省第五次荒漠化和沙化监测及十二五防沙治沙目标责任考核结果通报[J].甘肃林业,2017(1):8.
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[20] 朱刚,高会军,曾光.基于遥感数据的陕西省荒漠化土地动态变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):109-117.
[21] 屠志方,李梦先,孙涛.第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测结果及分析[J].林业资源管理,2016(1):1-5,13.
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[24] 银山,包玉海,萨日娜.基于遥感、GIS的内蒙古沙漠和沙质荒漠化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004(s3):58-62.
[25] 周成志.民勤县盐碱地现状及治理思路与建议[J].农业科技与信息,2016(11):105-106.
[26] 井学辉.民勤绿洲景观格局与动态及荒漠化成因分析[D].保定:河北农业大学,2005.
[27] 刘建凯,富远年,宋良红.民勤县荒漠化成因与防治对策[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):180-182.
[28] 李得禄,刘世增,纪永福,等.民勤连古城自然保护区异质生境中沙木蓼群落结构及物种多样性[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):85-89.
[29] 董玉祥,陈克龙.中国沙漠化程度判定与分区初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):170-174.
[30] 柴成武,徐先英,王方琳.石羊河下游民勤绿洲荒漠化影响因素趋势预测[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(4):34-38.
[31] 安富博,丁峰.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化的发展趋势及其防治[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(2):41-47.
[2] 王非,毋兆鹏,汪洋,等.基于RS和GIS的塔里木盆地荒漠化动态监测[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):1029-1037.
[3] 魏怀东,周兰萍,徐先英,等.2003-2008年甘肃民勤绿洲土地荒漠化动态监测[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(4):572-579.
[4] 何新兵,王美琳,马中平.连古城自然保护区天然林现状调查及保护对策研究[J].甘肃科技,2016,32(16):147-148.
[5] 张强,吴佩芸.基于RS和GIS的自然保护区生态保护状况评价:以甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区为例[J].甘肃科技,2017,33(14):36-38.
[6] 张有佳.民勤连古城国家级自然保护区植物多样性及其保护对策与技术[J].甘肃林业科技,2008,33(3):46-50.
[7] 周洁敏.论甘肃民勤连古城自然保护区建设的重要意义[J].西北华北林业调查规划,2002(1):16-17.
[8] 周洁敏.甘肃民勤连古城自然保护区评价[J].中南林业调查规划,2002(2):31-33.
[9] 刘韶斌,刘进琪.民勤绿洲衰变成因及保护对策[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(5):105-109.
[10] 王天强,汤萃文,齐国翠,等.连古城自然保护区生态经济系统的能值分析[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2014,23(1):68-71.
[11] 王景瑞,闫好原,高承兵,等.连古城自然保护区不同群落物种多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(30):108-112.
[12] 赵多明,马存世.民勤连古城国家级自然保护区动植物资源特征与管理对策[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(23):164-166.
[13] 李昌龙,王继和,孙坤,等.民勤连古城自然保护区群落结构和物种多样性特征分析[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2338-2344.
[14] 赵多明,张杰,胡生新,等.甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区珍稀瀕危药用植物及其保护[J].甘肃科技,2017,33(5):123-126.
[15] 李威龙,高万林,曾新德,等.民勤连古城国家级自然保护区主要植物群落生态位研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(34):21201-21204.
[16] 陈翔舜,高斌斌,王小军,等.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化现状及动态.中国沙漠,2014,34(4):970-974.
[17] 游宇驰,李志威,黄草,等.1990～2016年若尔盖高原荒漠化时空变化分析.生态环境学报 2017,26(10):1671-1680.
[18] 本刊记者.甘肃省第五次荒漠化和沙化监测及十二五防沙治沙目标责任考核结果通报[J].甘肃林业,2017(1):8.
[19] 刘淑珍,柴宗新,范建荣.中国土地荒漠化分类系统探讨[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):35-39.
[20] 朱刚,高会军,曾光.基于遥感数据的陕西省荒漠化土地动态变化研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):109-117.
[21] 屠志方,李梦先,孙涛.第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测结果及分析[J].林业资源管理,2016(1):1-5,13.
[22] 石建忠,陈翔舜,张龙生,等.甘肃省土地荒漠化状况及分析[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(9):1539-1544.
[23] 魏怀东,高志海,丁峰.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化动态监测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):32-36.
[24] 银山,包玉海,萨日娜.基于遥感、GIS的内蒙古沙漠和沙质荒漠化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004(s3):58-62.
[25] 周成志.民勤县盐碱地现状及治理思路与建议[J].农业科技与信息,2016(11):105-106.
[26] 井学辉.民勤绿洲景观格局与动态及荒漠化成因分析[D].保定:河北农业大学,2005.
[27] 刘建凯,富远年,宋良红.民勤县荒漠化成因与防治对策[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(3):180-182.
[28] 李得禄,刘世增,纪永福,等.民勤连古城自然保护区异质生境中沙木蓼群落结构及物种多样性[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):85-89.
[29] 董玉祥,陈克龙.中国沙漠化程度判定与分区初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):170-174.
[30] 柴成武,徐先英,王方琳.石羊河下游民勤绿洲荒漠化影响因素趋势预测[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(4):34-38.
[31] 安富博,丁峰.甘肃省民勤县土地荒漠化的发展趋势及其防治[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(2):41-47.
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