20年来中国河流水质变化特征及原因

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英文篇名：Characteristics and Causes of Water Quality Change in Chinese Rivers during the Recent 20 Years 作者：王乐扬 ; 李清洲 ; 杜付然 ; 刘晶 ; 刘翠善 英文作者：WANG Yueyang;LI Qingzhou;DU Furan;LIU Jing;LIU Cuishan;College of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology;College of Water Conservancy, Shandong Agriculture University;Henan Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau;Research Center for Climate Change;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute; 关键词：评价河长 ; 河流水质 ; 地表水资源 ; 污水排放量 ; 不同水质级别河长占比 ; 变化趋势 英文关键词：length of evaluated river;;river water quality;;surface water resources;;sewage discharge;;river length ratio of different water quality grade;;variation trend 中文刊名：HBSL 英文刊名：Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition) 机构：南京信息工程大学地理科学学院;山东农业大学水利工程学院;河南省水文水资源局;水利部应对气候变化研究中心;南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室; 出版日期：2019-06-25 出版单位：华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版) 年：2019 期：v.40;No.164 基金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601501);; 国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830863,51879162);; 水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2017490211) 语种：中文; 页：HBSL201903013 页数：5 CN：03 ISSN：41-1432/TV 分类号：89-93

摘要

根据1997—2017年中国水资源公报所发布的全国降水量、污水排放量、地表径流量以及水质环境评价总河长、各类水质河长占比等信息,分析了我国江河水质演变态势及其变化原因。结果表明:20年来,我国污水排放量总体呈现增长趋势,但2011年之后逐年下降;降水量和地表径流量呈先减少后增加的趋势;2010年之前,不同级别水质河长占比并没有明显的规律性变化,但2011年之后,Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质河长占比呈现稳定增长趋势,Ⅳ～Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质河长占比呈现减小趋势,说明我国江河水质总体趋于改善。地表径流增加以及近些年来污水排放量减小是河流水质改善的主要因素。
        According to the information of the China′s national precipitation, sewage discharge, surface runoff, the total length of the investigated rivers for water quality assessment, and the ratios of river length with various water quality grades to the total investigated river length(RWG-TRL) released in the China Water Resources Bulletins published by Ministry of Water Resources from 1997 to 2017, the evolution trend of river water quality in China and the causes for the changes were analyzed. The results show that the sewage discharge in China has generally shown an increasing trend over the past 20 years, but it has decreased year by year after 2011. Precipitation and surface runoff have both shifted from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend in 2009. Before 2010, there was no obvious regular change in length percentage of the river with different water quality grade. But after 2011, the river length ratio of water quality in grade Ⅰ～Ⅲ showed a steady increasing trend while the river length ratio of water quality in grade Ⅳ～Ⅴ and inferior Ⅴ presented a decreasing trend, which shows that the water quality of rivers in China has been improved in general. The increase in surface runoff and the decrease in sewage discharge in recent years are the main factors for the improvement of river water quality.

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