四种植物纤维/高密度聚乙烯木塑复合材料耐海水腐蚀性能比较
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摘要
为比较桉木、杨木、竹粉和稻壳为改性相的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基四种木塑复合材料耐海水腐蚀性能,对其进行模拟海水加速腐蚀试验,测试四种HDPE基木塑复合材料腐蚀前后力学性能和色差值,分析其腐蚀前后微观形貌和官能团变化。结果表明:模拟海水腐蚀导致四种HDPE基木塑复合材料两相结合质量变差(裂隙和空洞增多),力学性能下降,色差值变大(桉木/HDPE、杨木/HDPE和稻壳/HDPE复合材料趋于变白、变黄和变绿,竹粉/HDPE复合材料趋于变白、变蓝和变绿),羟基含量增多。模拟海水腐蚀21天,四种HDPE基木塑复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量降幅为:桉木/HDPE复合材料分别为12.94%和23.18%;竹粉/HDPE复合材料分别为15.45%和23.20%;稻壳/HDPE复合材料分别为18.53%和25.15%,杨木/HDPE复合材料分别为18.52%和34.21%。模拟海水腐蚀后,力学性能下降和颜色变化及断面裂隙和孔洞缺陷最少的是桉木/HDPE复合材料,最多的是杨木/HDPE复合材料。
In order to investigate the seawater corrosion resistance of high-density polyethylene(HDPE)based wood plastic composites,four types of plant fibers(eucalyptus,poplar,bamboo,and rice husk fibers)were incorporated into HDPE.The simulated accelerated seawater corrosion test was carried on to analysis the mechanical properties,color stability,microstructure and chemical groups of four types of plant fibers/HDPE composites before and after corrosion.The results show that the accelerated seawater corrosion would result in poorer fiber/matrix bonding quality(increasing cracks and holes),mechanical properties and color stability(the color shifts towards white,yellow and green for eucalyptus/HDPE and poplar/HDPE and rice husk/HDPE composites,and the color shifts towards white,blue and green for bamboo/HDPE composites),and higher hydroxyl content.After 21 days seawater corrosion,the reductions of the flexural strength and modulus of eucalyptus/HDPE composites are12.94%and 23.18%,respectively;for the bamboo/HDPE composites,the reductions are 15.45% and 23.20%,respectively;for the rice husk/HDPE composites,the reductions are 18.53% and 25.15%,respectively;and for the poplar/HDPE composites,the reductions are 18.52% and 34.21%,respectively.The eucalyptus/HDPE and poplar/HDPE composites present the lowest and highest degradation(such as mechanical loss,color fading and interfacial debonding)after corrosion,respectively.
In order to investigate the seawater corrosion resistance of high-density polyethylene(HDPE)based wood plastic composites,four types of plant fibers(eucalyptus,poplar,bamboo,and rice husk fibers)were incorporated into HDPE.The simulated accelerated seawater corrosion test was carried on to analysis the mechanical properties,color stability,microstructure and chemical groups of four types of plant fibers/HDPE composites before and after corrosion.The results show that the accelerated seawater corrosion would result in poorer fiber/matrix bonding quality(increasing cracks and holes),mechanical properties and color stability(the color shifts towards white,yellow and green for eucalyptus/HDPE and poplar/HDPE and rice husk/HDPE composites,and the color shifts towards white,blue and green for bamboo/HDPE composites),and higher hydroxyl content.After 21 days seawater corrosion,the reductions of the flexural strength and modulus of eucalyptus/HDPE composites are12.94%and 23.18%,respectively;for the bamboo/HDPE composites,the reductions are 15.45% and 23.20%,respectively;for the rice husk/HDPE composites,the reductions are 18.53% and 25.15%,respectively;and for the poplar/HDPE composites,the reductions are 18.52% and 34.21%,respectively.The eucalyptus/HDPE and poplar/HDPE composites present the lowest and highest degradation(such as mechanical loss,color fading and interfacial debonding)after corrosion,respectively.
引文
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[2]CATTO A L,MONTAGNA L S,ALMEIDA S H,et al.Wood plastic composites weathering:Effects of compatibilization on biodegradation in soil and fungal decay[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,109:11-22.
[3]LIN X,ZHANG Z,TAN S,et al.In line wood plastic composite pyrolyses and HZSM-5 conversion of the pyrolysis vapors[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,141:206-215.
[4]KOSITCHAIYONG A,ROSARPITAK V,HAMADA H,et al.Anti-fungal performance and mechanical-morphological properties of PVC and wood/PVC composites under UV-weathering aging and soil-burial exposure[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2014,91:128-137.
[5]SRUBAR III W V.An analytical model for predicting the freeze-thaw durability of wood-fiber composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2015,69:435-442.
[6]FENG J,CHEN J,CHEN M,et al.Effects of biocide treatments on durability of wood and bamboo/high density polyethylene composites against algal and fungal decay[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017,134(31):45148.
[7]MORENO D D P,HIRAYAMA D,SARON C.Accelerated aging of pine wood waste/recycled LDPE composite[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2018,149:39-44.
[8]MACHADO J S,SANTOS S,PINHO F F S,et al.Impact of high moisture conditions on the serviceability performance of wood plastic composite decks[J].Materials&Design,2016,103:122-131.
[9]JIANG L,HE C,FU J,et al.Wear behavior of wood-plastic composites in alternate simulated sea water and acid rain corrosion conditions[J].Polymer Testing,2017,63:236-243.
[10]JIANG L,HE C,FU J,et al.Wear behavior of alkali-treated sorghum straw fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites in corrosive water conditions[J].BioResources,2018,13(2):3362-3376.
[11]JIANG L,HE C,FU J,et al.Serviceability analysis of wood-plastic composites impregnated with paraffin-based Pickering emulsions in simulated sea water-acid rain conditions[J].Polymer Testing,2018,70:73-80.
[12]YOUSIF B F,NIRMAL U.Wear and frictional performance of polymeric composites aged in various solutions[J].Wear,2011,272(1):97-104.
[13]American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water:ASTMD1141-98[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2013.
[14]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分:总则:GB/T 1040.1-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of tensile properties Part 1:General principles:GB/T 1040.1-2006[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007(in Chinese).
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料弯曲性能的测定:GB/T9341-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of flexural properties:GB/T9341-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2009(in Chinese).
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料简支梁冲击性能的测定第1部分:非仪器化冲击试验:GB/T 1043.1-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of charpy impact properties Part 1:Non-instrumented impact test:GB/T 1043.1-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2009(in Chinese).
[17]DHAKAL H N,ZHANG Z Y,RICHARDSON M O W.Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2007,67(7):1674-1683.
[18]JIANG L,HE C,FU J,et al.Wear behavior of straw fiberreinforced polyvinyl chloride composites under simulated acid rain conditions[J].Polymer Testing,2017,62:373-381.
[19]陈瑶.木材热诱发变色过程中发色体系形成机理[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.CHEN Y.Mechanism of the formation of chromophore system of heat-induced color change of wood[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012(in Chinese).
[20]侯人鸾,何春霞,薛娇,等.麦秸秆粉/PP木塑复合材料紫外线加速老化性能[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(5):86-93.HOU R L,HE C X,XUE J,et al.UV accelerated aging properties of wheat straw/PP wood plastic composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(5):86-93(in Chinese).
[21]王敏,何春霞,朱贵磊,等.不同植物纤维/骨胶复合材料的性能对比[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(5):1103-1110.WANG M,HE C X,ZHU G L,et al.Performance comparison of different plant fibers/bone glue composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(5):1103-1110(in Chinese).
[22]陈冬梅,姜良朋,刘丁宁,等.四种壳类纤维/聚氯乙烯木塑复合材料的蠕变及磨损性能[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(6):1464-1471.CHEN D M,JIANG L P,LIU D N,et al.Creep and wear properties of four different types of husk fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(6):1464-1471(in Chinese).
[23]胡晗,吴章康,王云,等.木塑复合材料的耐老化性能研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(9):3956-3957,3993.HU H,WU Z K,WANG Y,et al.Study on the aging properties of wood-plastic composites[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2013,41(9):3956-3957,3993(in Chinese).
[24]潘惠.高密度聚乙烯基木塑复合材料的老化性能研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.PAN H.Study on aging properties of wood fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composites[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013(in Chinese).
[25]吴秋宁,杨文斌,余方兵,等.水热处理对可逆热致变色竹粉/塑料复合材料性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(6):28-36.WU Q N,YANG W B,YU F B,et al.Effect of hydrothermal treatment on properties of reversibly thermochromic bamboo/plastic composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(6):28-36(in Chinese).
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