太湖贡湖湾(望虞河以西)主要河口区域水质状况评价
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摘要
为探讨贡湖湾(望虞河以西)河口区域的水质状况,采用WQI(水质综合指数)在夏季(2017年8月)和冬季(2018年3月)对其8个河口区域的31个点位进行了水质状况评价,并计算WQI_(min)(最小水质综合指数),识别主要水质因子。WQI将水质状况分成5个等级进行评价,即WQI> 90为非常好,70 水质状况具有显著的季节性差异,夏季的水质状况总体评价为中等(WQI为54. 62),冬季总体评价为好(WQI为73. 63);②河口之间的水质状况具有区域性差异,夏季闸门内外水质状况差异明显,河道的水质状况优于湖泊,小溪港河口区域水质状况相对最差(WQI为47. 50),冬季壬子港河口区域的WQI最小,为62. 84;③总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、溶解氧(DO)和高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))等4个水质指标是影响研究区域水质状况的关键性因子。研究显示:贡湖湾(望虞河以西)河口区域的水质状况具有明显的时空差异,WQI的分级评价和关键因子识别能为研究区域的水环境治理提供参考依据,并有助于为相关管理部门对同类河口的水生态修复提供决策思路。
The study assessed the actual water situation in the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay (west of Wangyu River),Lake Taihu,China,based on the status of water quality using WQI (water quality index)methods,and the WQI_(min) (minimum water quality index) was also calculated to identify the main water quality factors. In the summer (August 2017) and winter (March 2018) seasons,8 estuarine areas were tested at 31 sampling sites,which included lakes and rivers. The WQI was divided water quality into five grades,WQI > 90 was very good,70 < WQI≤90 was good,50 < WQI≤70 was medium,25≤WQI≤50 was bad and WQI < 25 was very bad. The results indicated that the water quality had significant difference on season in the study area,the overall water quality status of summer were medium (WQI: 54. 62),and in winter,the overall status were good (WQI: 73. 63). Differences were also observed between the estuarine areas of Gonghu Bay. In summer,the water quality between the two sides of sluices in some estuaries were obviously different,the status of river-side were better than that of lake-side,and the estuarine area of Xiaoxi River had relatively worse water quality status (WQI: 47. 50). In winter,Renzi Gang had the minimum WQI,which was 62. 84. TP,TN,DO and COD_(Mn) used in the WQI_(min) were the most effective parameters in our study. According to the study,the water situation in the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay (west of Wangyu River) had obvious spatio-temporal differences,and the grading evaluation of WQI and the identification of key factors can provide a valuable contribution to inform decisionmaking for the management of water environments by providing the actual water situation of the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay and other similar estuaries.
The study assessed the actual water situation in the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay (west of Wangyu River),Lake Taihu,China,based on the status of water quality using WQI (water quality index)methods,and the WQI_(min) (minimum water quality index) was also calculated to identify the main water quality factors. In the summer (August 2017) and winter (March 2018) seasons,8 estuarine areas were tested at 31 sampling sites,which included lakes and rivers. The WQI was divided water quality into five grades,WQI > 90 was very good,70 < WQI≤90 was good,50 < WQI≤70 was medium,25≤WQI≤50 was bad and WQI < 25 was very bad. The results indicated that the water quality had significant difference on season in the study area,the overall water quality status of summer were medium (WQI: 54. 62),and in winter,the overall status were good (WQI: 73. 63). Differences were also observed between the estuarine areas of Gonghu Bay. In summer,the water quality between the two sides of sluices in some estuaries were obviously different,the status of river-side were better than that of lake-side,and the estuarine area of Xiaoxi River had relatively worse water quality status (WQI: 47. 50). In winter,Renzi Gang had the minimum WQI,which was 62. 84. TP,TN,DO and COD_(Mn) used in the WQI_(min) were the most effective parameters in our study. According to the study,the water situation in the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay (west of Wangyu River) had obvious spatio-temporal differences,and the grading evaluation of WQI and the identification of key factors can provide a valuable contribution to inform decisionmaking for the management of water environments by providing the actual water situation of the estuarine area of Gonghu Bay and other similar estuaries.
引文
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[9]刘玲花,吴雷祥,吴佳鹏,等.国外地表水水质指数评价法综述[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):86-96.
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[11]SUN W,XIA C Y,XU M Y,et al.Application of modified water quality indices as indicators to assess the spatial and temporal trends of water quality in the Dongjiang River[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,66:306-312.
[12]DEBELS P,FIGUEROA R,URRUTIA R,et al.Evaluation of water quality in the Chillan River(Central Chile)using physicochemical parameters and a modified water quality index[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,110:301-322.
[13]PESCE S F,WUNDERLIN D A.Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Cordoba city(Argentina)on Suquia River[J].Water Research,2000,34:2915-2926.
[14]KANNEL P,LEE S,LEE Y S,et al.Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,132:93-110.
[15]SENER S,SENER E,DAVRAZ A.Evaluation of water quality using water quality index(WQI)method and GIS in Aksu River(SW-Turkey)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,584/585:131-144.
[16]WU Z S,WANG X L,CHEN Y W,et al.Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:914-922.
[17]WANG J L,FU Z S,QIAO H X,et al.Assessment of eutrophication and water quality in the estuarine area of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:1392-1402.
[18]陈怀艳,刘茂松,袁芳,等.太湖贡湖湾滨岸带微生境特征与主要水质指标的关系分析[J].湿地科学,2016,14(4):580-585.
[19]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[20]KOCER M A T,SEVGILI H.Parameters selection for water quality index in the assessment of the environmental impacts of land-based trout farms[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,36:672-681.
[21]吴攀,秦伯强,于革,等.太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1107-1114.
[22]马荣华,孔繁翔,段洪涛,等.基于卫星遥感的太湖蓝藻水华时空分布规律认识[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(6):687-694.
[23]HERB W R,STEFAN H G.Integral growth of submersed macrophytes in varying light regimes[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,168:77-100.
[24]JIANG L,LI Y P,ZHAO X,et al.Parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of water quality model in Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2018,375:1-12.
[25]张雪,周洵,李琴,等.太湖原水p H季节性变化规律及突变成因探索[J].供水技术,2015,9(5):13-17.
[26]AVVANNAVAR S M,SHRIHARI S.Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi,Mangalore,South India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2008,143:279-290.
[27]许海,秦伯强,朱广伟.太湖不同湖区夏季蓝藻生长的营养盐限制研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2230-2236.
[28]VAROL S,DAVRAZ A.Evaluation of the groundwater quality with WQI(Water Quality Index)and multivariate analysis:a case study of the Tefenni plain(Burdur/Turkey)[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73:1725-1744.
[29]戴江玉,吴时强,吕学研,等.引水对太湖贡湖湾有机污染时空变化的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):39-46.
[30]CHATTERJEE R,TARAFDER G,PAUL S.Groundwater quality assessment of Dhanbad district,Jharkhand,India[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2010,69:137-141.
[31]World Health Organisation.Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality[S].Geneva:World Health Organisation,1996,2:989.
[32]杨柳,宋健飞,宋波,等.主要污染物水质标识指数法在河流水质评价的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(11):239-245.
[33]ZHAO L Q,YANG F,YAN X W.Concentrations of selected trace elements in marine bivalves and dietary risk to residents of Dalian City,Northern China[J].Hum.Ecological Risk Assessment,2013,19:145-150.
[34]陈琳荔,邹华,庄严,等.小溪港浮游植物群落特征及水质评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1016-1023.
[35]KURUNC A,YUREKLI K,OKMAN C.Effects of Kilickaya Dam on concentration and load values of water quality constituents in kelkit Stream in Turkey[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,317:17-30.
[2]PAERL H W,PAUL W J.Climate change:links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial[J].Water Research,2012,46:1349-1363.
[3]CHEN Y W,FAN C X,TEUBNER K,et al.Changes of nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a in a large shallow lake,Taihu,China:an 8-year investigation[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,506:273-279.
[4]GOPAL V,SHANMUGASUNDARAM A,NITHYA B,et al.Water quality of the Uppanar estuary,Southern India:Implications on the level of dissolved nutrients and trace elements[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,130:279-286.
[5]BARBIER E B,SILLIMAN B R.The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services[J].Ecological Monographs,2011,81(2):169-193.
[6]WAN Y,KONYHA K.A simple hydrologic model for rapid prediction of runoff from ungauged coastal catchments[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,528:571-583.
[7]武旭跃,邹华,朱荣,等.太湖贡湖湾水域抗生素污染特征分析与生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4596-4604.
[8]杨倩倩,吴时强,戴江玉,等.夏季短期调水对太湖贡湖湾湖区水质及藻类的影响[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(1):34-43.
[9]刘玲花,吴雷祥,吴佳鹏,等.国外地表水水质指数评价法综述[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):86-96.
[10]LERMONTOV A,YOKOYAMA L,LERMONTOV M,et al.A fuzzy water quality index for watershed quality analysis and management[M]∥BRONIEWICZ E.Environmental Management in Practice.Crotia:Intech Open,2011:387-410.
[11]SUN W,XIA C Y,XU M Y,et al.Application of modified water quality indices as indicators to assess the spatial and temporal trends of water quality in the Dongjiang River[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,66:306-312.
[12]DEBELS P,FIGUEROA R,URRUTIA R,et al.Evaluation of water quality in the Chillan River(Central Chile)using physicochemical parameters and a modified water quality index[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,110:301-322.
[13]PESCE S F,WUNDERLIN D A.Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Cordoba city(Argentina)on Suquia River[J].Water Research,2000,34:2915-2926.
[14]KANNEL P,LEE S,LEE Y S,et al.Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,132:93-110.
[15]SENER S,SENER E,DAVRAZ A.Evaluation of water quality using water quality index(WQI)method and GIS in Aksu River(SW-Turkey)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,584/585:131-144.
[16]WU Z S,WANG X L,CHEN Y W,et al.Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:914-922.
[17]WANG J L,FU Z S,QIAO H X,et al.Assessment of eutrophication and water quality in the estuarine area of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:1392-1402.
[18]陈怀艳,刘茂松,袁芳,等.太湖贡湖湾滨岸带微生境特征与主要水质指标的关系分析[J].湿地科学,2016,14(4):580-585.
[19]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[20]KOCER M A T,SEVGILI H.Parameters selection for water quality index in the assessment of the environmental impacts of land-based trout farms[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,36:672-681.
[21]吴攀,秦伯强,于革,等.太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1107-1114.
[22]马荣华,孔繁翔,段洪涛,等.基于卫星遥感的太湖蓝藻水华时空分布规律认识[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(6):687-694.
[23]HERB W R,STEFAN H G.Integral growth of submersed macrophytes in varying light regimes[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,168:77-100.
[24]JIANG L,LI Y P,ZHAO X,et al.Parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of water quality model in Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2018,375:1-12.
[25]张雪,周洵,李琴,等.太湖原水p H季节性变化规律及突变成因探索[J].供水技术,2015,9(5):13-17.
[26]AVVANNAVAR S M,SHRIHARI S.Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi,Mangalore,South India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2008,143:279-290.
[27]许海,秦伯强,朱广伟.太湖不同湖区夏季蓝藻生长的营养盐限制研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2230-2236.
[28]VAROL S,DAVRAZ A.Evaluation of the groundwater quality with WQI(Water Quality Index)and multivariate analysis:a case study of the Tefenni plain(Burdur/Turkey)[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73:1725-1744.
[29]戴江玉,吴时强,吕学研,等.引水对太湖贡湖湾有机污染时空变化的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):39-46.
[30]CHATTERJEE R,TARAFDER G,PAUL S.Groundwater quality assessment of Dhanbad district,Jharkhand,India[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2010,69:137-141.
[31]World Health Organisation.Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality[S].Geneva:World Health Organisation,1996,2:989.
[32]杨柳,宋健飞,宋波,等.主要污染物水质标识指数法在河流水质评价的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(11):239-245.
[33]ZHAO L Q,YANG F,YAN X W.Concentrations of selected trace elements in marine bivalves and dietary risk to residents of Dalian City,Northern China[J].Hum.Ecological Risk Assessment,2013,19:145-150.
[34]陈琳荔,邹华,庄严,等.小溪港浮游植物群落特征及水质评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1016-1023.
[35]KURUNC A,YUREKLI K,OKMAN C.Effects of Kilickaya Dam on concentration and load values of water quality constituents in kelkit Stream in Turkey[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,317:17-30.
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