重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力研究
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摘要
重点生态功能区是保障国家生态安全、扩大绿色生态空间的重要区域,在实现全国生态资产保值增值方面发挥着重要作用。然而,现阶段围绕重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效及驱动力开展的研究较少。为明确重点生态功能区生态资产保护的驱动力以及存在的问题,本文利用遥感影像并结合图像解译、GIS空间分析和数理统计等方法对重点生态功能区内生态资产展开分析,并将其与非重点生态功能区进行比较。研究结果显示:重点生态功能区内森林、灌丛、草地和湿地生态资产总面积为349.30万km~2,优级和良级生态资产占生态资产总面积的42.42%,生态资产综合指数为21.19。15年间,重点功能区内生态资产总面积增加0.05%,优级和良级生态资产面积占比分别增加0.59%和0.85%,生态资产综合指数增加2.94。重点生态功能区生态资产面积和质量增幅均小于非重点生态功能区,然而重点生态功能区生态资产指数增量高于非重点生态功能区。生态恢复是驱动重点生态功能区生态资产面积变化的主因,对原有生态资产的保护是促进生态资产指数增加的最主要驱动力(贡献率达81%),城镇化和农业开发对生态资产的不利影响不容忽视(贡献率达-6.81%)。研究表明,对重点生态功能区生态资产保护成效显著,同时还有较大提升空间。本研究也为优化重点生态功能区的城镇化和农业开发的管理提供了证据和参考。
The key ecological functional areas are important regions for ensuring national ecological security and expanding green ecological space, it plays an important role in realizing the preservation and appreciation of national ecological assets. However, there are few studies focus on the effectiveness and driving force of ecological asset protection in key ecological functional areas currently. In order to clarify the driving force and existing problems of ecological resource protection in key ecological functional areas, this paper used remote sensing images combined with image interpretation, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics to analyze ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions, and compared with non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. The results implied that the total area of forest, shrub, grassland and wetland ecological assets in the National Key Ecological Function Regions is 3.493 million km~2, the superior and good ecological assets account for 42.42% of the total ecological assets, the integrated ecological asset index is 21.19. The total area of ecological assets in the National Key Ecological Function Regions increased by 0.05% in 2000-2015, the proportion of superior and good ecological assets increased by 0.59% and 0.85%, respectively.And the integrated ecological asset index increased by 2.94. The increase of ecological assets area and quality in National Key Ecological Function Regions are smaller than those of non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. However, the integrated ecological asset index of National Key Ecological Function Regions is higher than that of non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. Ecological restoration is the main reason driving force for the change of ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions. The protection of original ecological assets is the most important driving force of the increase of ecological assets index(contribution rate is 81%).Meanwhile, the adverse effects of urbanization and agricultural development cannot be ignored(contribution rate is -6.81%). The research showed that the protection of ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions achieved remarkable results, and there is still room for improvement. This study also provided evidence and reference for optimizing urbanization and management of agricultural development in National Key Ecological Function Regions.
The key ecological functional areas are important regions for ensuring national ecological security and expanding green ecological space, it plays an important role in realizing the preservation and appreciation of national ecological assets. However, there are few studies focus on the effectiveness and driving force of ecological asset protection in key ecological functional areas currently. In order to clarify the driving force and existing problems of ecological resource protection in key ecological functional areas, this paper used remote sensing images combined with image interpretation, GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics to analyze ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions, and compared with non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. The results implied that the total area of forest, shrub, grassland and wetland ecological assets in the National Key Ecological Function Regions is 3.493 million km~2, the superior and good ecological assets account for 42.42% of the total ecological assets, the integrated ecological asset index is 21.19. The total area of ecological assets in the National Key Ecological Function Regions increased by 0.05% in 2000-2015, the proportion of superior and good ecological assets increased by 0.59% and 0.85%, respectively.And the integrated ecological asset index increased by 2.94. The increase of ecological assets area and quality in National Key Ecological Function Regions are smaller than those of non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. However, the integrated ecological asset index of National Key Ecological Function Regions is higher than that of non-National Key Ecological Function Regions. Ecological restoration is the main reason driving force for the change of ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions. The protection of original ecological assets is the most important driving force of the increase of ecological assets index(contribution rate is 81%).Meanwhile, the adverse effects of urbanization and agricultural development cannot be ignored(contribution rate is -6.81%). The research showed that the protection of ecological assets in National Key Ecological Function Regions achieved remarkable results, and there is still room for improvement. This study also provided evidence and reference for optimizing urbanization and management of agricultural development in National Key Ecological Function Regions.
引文
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[2]陈明辉,陈颖彪,郭冠华,等.快速城市化地区生态资产遥感定量评估--以广东省东莞市为例[J].自然资源学报,2012,(4):601-613.
[3]侯鹏,翟俊,曹巍,等.国家重点生态功能区生态状况变化与保护成效评估--以海南岛中部山区国家重点生态功能区为例[J].地理学报,2018,73(3):429-441.
[4]黄麟,曹巍,吴丹,等.2000-2010年我国重点生态功能区生态系统变化状况[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2758-2766.
[5]刘璐璐,曹巍,吴丹,等.国家重点生态功能区生态系统服务时空格局及其变化特征[J].地理科学,2018,38(9):1508-1515.
[6]黄耀欢,赵传朋,杨海军,等.国家重点生态功能区人类活动空间变化及其聚集分析[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1423-1433.
[7]SMITH A C,HARRISON P A,PéREZ SOBA M,et al.How natural capital delivers ecosystem services:a typology derived from a systematic review[J].Ecosystem services,2017,26:111-126.
[8]MUKHOPADHYAY B,KHAN A.Altitudinal variations of temperature,equilibrium line altitude,and accumulation-area ratio in Upper Indus Basin[J].Hydrology research,2016,48(1):214-230.
[9]WANG Y Q,YANG J,CHEN Y N,et al.The spatiotemporal response of soil moisture to precipitation and temperature changes in an arid region,China[J].Remote sensing,2018,10(3):468.
[10]GLENN N F,NEUENSCHWANDER A,VIERLING L A,et al.Landsat 8 and ICESat-2:performance and potential synergies for quantifying dryland ecosystem vegetation cover and biomass[J].Remote sensing of environment,2016,185:233-242.
[11]Chapin Iii F.Stuart,Iii Matson P.A.,Mooney Harold.Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Eology[M].2002.
[12]LAI T Y,SALMINEN J,J?PPINEN J P,et al.Bridging the gap between ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem accounting in Finland[J]Ecological modelling,2018,377:51-65.
[13]WU J S,FU G.Modelling aboveground biomass using MODIS FPAR/LAIdata in alpine grasslands of the Northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Remote sensing letters,2018,9(2):150-159.
[14]欧阳志云,张路,吴炳方,等.基于遥感技术的全国生态系统分类体系[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):219-226.
[15]张磊,吴炳方,李晓松,等.基于碳收支的中国土地覆被分类系统[J].生态学报,2014,34(24):7158-7166.
[16]HUTCHINSON M F.Interpolation of rainfall data with thin plate smoothing splines-part I:two dimensional smoothing of data with short range correlation[J].Journal of geographic information ang decision analysis,1998,2(2):139-151.
[17]WEI S G,DAI Y J,LIU B Y,et al.A soil particle-size distribution dataset for regional land and climate modelling in China[J].Geoderma,2012,171-172:85-91.
[18]BRYAN B A,GAO L,YE Y Q,et al.China’s response to a national land-system sustainability emergency[J].Nature,2018,559(7713):193-204.
[19]KENNEDY C M,MITEVA D A,BAUMGARTEN L,et al.Bigger is better:improved nature conservation and economic returns from landscape-level mitigation[J].Science advances,2016,2(7):e1501021.
[20]FRANK E G,SCHLENKER W.Balancing economic and ecological goals[J]Science,2016,353(6300):651-652.
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