CO_2吞吐井套管腐蚀规律及极限吞吐轮次研究
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摘要
部分老油田进入高含水开发后期,为提高采收率,在注水开发中陆续配套实施了二氧化碳吞吐工艺,使得采出液中二氧化碳含量升高,对井筒管柱造成严重腐蚀,引起管柱强度降低,腐蚀穿孔甚至管柱断裂事故时有发生。为此,基于电化学腐蚀的热、动力学原理和管柱力学相关理论,结合现场实际工况,考虑温度、压力、含水率、CO_2分压、流速、井斜角、pH值等因素的影响,采用腐蚀预测模型计算得到了二氧化碳吞吐井不同阶段的腐蚀速度。建立了腐蚀后剩余强度计算方法及极限吞吐轮次计算方法,开展了大量模拟计算,得到了在该吞吐井腐蚀条件下注气、焖井、放压和生产4个阶段的套管腐蚀规律、剩余壁厚及该井的极限吞吐轮次。
In certain mature oilfields that have entered the late high water cut stage,the CO2 huff-and-puff process can be implemented as a supplementary measure during waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery.This process has led to an increased CO_2 content in the produced water,which can cause severe corrosion in wellbore columns.Thus,the strength of wellbore and casing columns is reduced,leading to pitting corrosion or even column fractures.Therefore,based on the thermodynamic and kinetic principles of electrochemical corrosion and relevant theories of column mechanics,and considering the influences of temperature,pressure,water cut,CO_2 partial pressure,flow rate,deflection angle,and pH based on actual operating conditions at the site,a corrosion prediction model was used to calculate the corrosion rates of a CO_2 huff-and-puff well at different stages of the huff-and-puff process.Methods for calculation of the post-corrosion residual strength and the maximum number of huffand-puff cycles were established.A large number of simulation calculations were performed to predict the casing corrosion patterns and residual wall thickness of the huff-and-puff well under gas injection,soaking,pressure release,and production conditions,as well as the maximum number of huff-and-puff cycles for the well.
In certain mature oilfields that have entered the late high water cut stage,the CO2 huff-and-puff process can be implemented as a supplementary measure during waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery.This process has led to an increased CO_2 content in the produced water,which can cause severe corrosion in wellbore columns.Thus,the strength of wellbore and casing columns is reduced,leading to pitting corrosion or even column fractures.Therefore,based on the thermodynamic and kinetic principles of electrochemical corrosion and relevant theories of column mechanics,and considering the influences of temperature,pressure,water cut,CO_2 partial pressure,flow rate,deflection angle,and pH based on actual operating conditions at the site,a corrosion prediction model was used to calculate the corrosion rates of a CO_2 huff-and-puff well at different stages of the huff-and-puff process.Methods for calculation of the post-corrosion residual strength and the maximum number of huffand-puff cycles were established.A large number of simulation calculations were performed to predict the casing corrosion patterns and residual wall thickness of the huff-and-puff well under gas injection,soaking,pressure release,and production conditions,as well as the maximum number of huff-and-puff cycles for the well.
引文
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[5]陈长风,侯建国,常炜,等.环境因素对CO_2均匀腐蚀速率的影响及腐蚀速率预测模型的建立[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(5):337-341.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2004.05.012CHEN Changfeng,HOU Jianguo,CHANG Wei,et al.The influence of environmental factors on the uniform corrosion rate of CO2 and the establishment of the corro sion rate prediction model[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,200416(5):337-341.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2004.05.-012
[6]HUA Y,BARKER R,NEVILLE A.Effect of temperature on the critical water content for general and localised corrosion of X65 carbon steel in the transport of supercritica CO_2[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control2014,31(2):48-60.doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.09.026
[7]黄熠,张智,李炎军,等.考虑腐蚀的高温高压含CO_2气井生产套管安全评估[J].钻采工艺,2014(3):78-81.doi:10.3969/J.IS SN.1006-768X.2014.03.23HUANG Yi,ZHANG Zhi,LI Yanjun,et al.Safety assessment of production casing in CO_2 gas wells with higl temperature and high pressure considering corrosion[J]Drilling and Production Technology,2014(3):78-81.doi10.3969/J.IS SN.1006-768X.2014.03.23
[8]鲍明昱,胡静思,刘博,等.油气管材应力诱导腐蚀电化学行为探讨[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2017,37(6)505-512.BAO Mingyu,HU Jingsi,LIU Bo,et al.Stress inducec corrosion electrochemical behavior of steels for oil and gas pipes[J].Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection,2017,37(6):505-512.
[9]程远鹏,李自力,毕海胜,等.含油集输管道CO_2腐蚀速率预测的研究进展[J].腐蚀与防护,2015,36(3):207-212.CHENG Yuanpeng,LI Zili,BI Haisheng,et al.Progres:in prediction of CO_2 corrosion rate affected by oil in gathering pipelines[J].Corrosion and Protection,2015,36(3)207-212.
[10]刘昕瑜.20#钢湿气集输管道内腐蚀预测方法研究[D]成都:西南石油大学2017.LIU Xinyu.Study on corrosion prediction method in no20 steel moisture gathering and transportation pipeline[D]Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
[11]YEVTUSHENKO O,BETTGE D,BOHRAUS S,et al Corrosion behavior of steels for CO_2 inj ection[J].Proces:Safety&Environmental Protection,2014,92(1):108-118doi:10.1016/j.psep.2013.07.002
[12]王明辉,张智,曾德智,等.高含硫气田套管腐蚀情况实验研究及建议[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):85-87.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.017WANG Minghui,ZHANG Zhi,ZENG Dezhi,et al.Experimental study and suggestions on casing corrosion inhigh sulfur gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9)85-87.doi:10.3787./j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.017
[13]唐林华.川西须家河组气藏气井CO_2腐蚀机理分析[J]天然气工业,2011,31(4):66-71.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.04.0 16TANG Linhua.Analysis on CO_2 corrosion mechanism of gas wells in Xuj iahe Formation in we stern Sichuan[J].Naturat Gas Industry,2011,31(4):66-71.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.04.016
[14]ZHANG N,ZENG D,ZHANG Z,et al.Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H2S/CO_2environment with sulphur deposition[J].Corrosion Engineering,Science and Technology,2018,1-9.
[15]ZHANG Zhi,ZHANG Naiyan,LIU Zhiwei,et al.Synergistic effects of corrosion time and stress on corrosion o casing steel in H2S/CO_2 gas wells[J].Materials&Corrosion,2017,69(3):1-17.doi:10.1002/maco.201709676
[16]马德胜,王伯军,吴淑红.油气生产过程中CO_2腐蚀预测研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3):137-140.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.-2010.03.026MA Desheng,WANG Bojun,WU Shuhong.Prediction of CO_2 corrosion in oil and gas production[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(3):137-140.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2010.03.026
[17]HATAIMI S,GHADERI-ARDAKANI A,NIKNEJADKHOMAMI M,et al.On the prediction of CO_2 corrosion in petroleum industry[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids2016,117:108-112.doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.047
[18]AL-HASSAN S,MISHRA B,OLSON D L,et al. Eff ect of micro structure on corrosion of steels in aqueous solutions containing carbon dioxide[J].Corrosion-Houston Tx-,2012,54(6):480-491.
[19]王献昉,陈长风,白真权,等.CO_2腐蚀速率半经验预测模型研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2009(2):90-94.WANG Xianfang,CHEN Changfeng,BAI Zhenquan,et al.Semi-empirical model for CO_2 corrosion rate[J].Corrosion and Protection,2009(2):90-94.
[20]张国华,张国庆,李妍.油气田CO_2腐蚀典型预测模型的比较及探究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2008,22(4):47-51doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7818.2008.04.021ZHANG Guohua,ZHANG Guoqing,LI Yan.Comparison and exploration of typical prediction model of CO_2 corrosi on in oil and gas field s[J].Total Corro sion Control,2008,22(4):47-51.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7818.2008.04.021
[21]蔡利华,乐明,杨鹏,等.海上油气田CO_2腐蚀预测模型研究[J].当代化工,2016,45(10):2356-2359.CAI Lihua,YUE Ming,YANG Peng,et al.CO_2 corrosion prediction model of production system in offshore oil gas fields[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2016,45(10):2356-2359.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-0460.2016.10.028
[22]API TR 5C3.Technical report on equations and calculations for casing,tubing,and line pipe used as casing ortubing[S].Washington D C:American Petroleum Institute,2008.
[2]裘智超,熊春明,常泽亮,等.CO_2和H2S共存环境下井筒腐蚀主控因素及防腐对策——以塔里木盆地塔中I气田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):238-242QIU Zhichao,XIONG Chunming,CHANG Zeliang,et al.Maj or corrosion factors in the CO_2 and H_2S coexistent en vironment and the anticorrosion method:Taking Tazhong Gas Field,Tarim Basin,as an example[J].Petroleum Ex ploration and Development,2012,39(2):23 8-242.
[3]郭龙.渤南油田义34块特低渗透油藏二氧化碳混相驱实验[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):37-40.doi10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2011.01.011GUO Long.Carbon dioxide miscible flooding experi ment in 34 ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Bonan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(1):37-40.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2011.01.011
[4]CROLET J L.Acid corrosion in wells(CO_2,H2S):Metallurgical aspects[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1983,35(8):1553-1558.
[5]陈长风,侯建国,常炜,等.环境因素对CO_2均匀腐蚀速率的影响及腐蚀速率预测模型的建立[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(5):337-341.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2004.05.012CHEN Changfeng,HOU Jianguo,CHANG Wei,et al.The influence of environmental factors on the uniform corrosion rate of CO2 and the establishment of the corro sion rate prediction model[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,200416(5):337-341.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1506.2004.05.-012
[6]HUA Y,BARKER R,NEVILLE A.Effect of temperature on the critical water content for general and localised corrosion of X65 carbon steel in the transport of supercritica CO_2[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control2014,31(2):48-60.doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.09.026
[7]黄熠,张智,李炎军,等.考虑腐蚀的高温高压含CO_2气井生产套管安全评估[J].钻采工艺,2014(3):78-81.doi:10.3969/J.IS SN.1006-768X.2014.03.23HUANG Yi,ZHANG Zhi,LI Yanjun,et al.Safety assessment of production casing in CO_2 gas wells with higl temperature and high pressure considering corrosion[J]Drilling and Production Technology,2014(3):78-81.doi10.3969/J.IS SN.1006-768X.2014.03.23
[8]鲍明昱,胡静思,刘博,等.油气管材应力诱导腐蚀电化学行为探讨[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2017,37(6)505-512.BAO Mingyu,HU Jingsi,LIU Bo,et al.Stress inducec corrosion electrochemical behavior of steels for oil and gas pipes[J].Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection,2017,37(6):505-512.
[9]程远鹏,李自力,毕海胜,等.含油集输管道CO_2腐蚀速率预测的研究进展[J].腐蚀与防护,2015,36(3):207-212.CHENG Yuanpeng,LI Zili,BI Haisheng,et al.Progres:in prediction of CO_2 corrosion rate affected by oil in gathering pipelines[J].Corrosion and Protection,2015,36(3)207-212.
[10]刘昕瑜.20#钢湿气集输管道内腐蚀预测方法研究[D]成都:西南石油大学2017.LIU Xinyu.Study on corrosion prediction method in no20 steel moisture gathering and transportation pipeline[D]Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
[11]YEVTUSHENKO O,BETTGE D,BOHRAUS S,et al Corrosion behavior of steels for CO_2 inj ection[J].Proces:Safety&Environmental Protection,2014,92(1):108-118doi:10.1016/j.psep.2013.07.002
[12]王明辉,张智,曾德智,等.高含硫气田套管腐蚀情况实验研究及建议[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):85-87.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.017WANG Minghui,ZHANG Zhi,ZENG Dezhi,et al.Experimental study and suggestions on casing corrosion inhigh sulfur gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9)85-87.doi:10.3787./j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.017
[13]唐林华.川西须家河组气藏气井CO_2腐蚀机理分析[J]天然气工业,2011,31(4):66-71.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.04.0 16TANG Linhua.Analysis on CO_2 corrosion mechanism of gas wells in Xuj iahe Formation in we stern Sichuan[J].Naturat Gas Industry,2011,31(4):66-71.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.04.016
[14]ZHANG N,ZENG D,ZHANG Z,et al.Effect of flow velocity on pipeline steel corrosion behaviour in H2S/CO_2environment with sulphur deposition[J].Corrosion Engineering,Science and Technology,2018,1-9.
[15]ZHANG Zhi,ZHANG Naiyan,LIU Zhiwei,et al.Synergistic effects of corrosion time and stress on corrosion o casing steel in H2S/CO_2 gas wells[J].Materials&Corrosion,2017,69(3):1-17.doi:10.1002/maco.201709676
[16]马德胜,王伯军,吴淑红.油气生产过程中CO_2腐蚀预测研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3):137-140.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.-2010.03.026MA Desheng,WANG Bojun,WU Shuhong.Prediction of CO_2 corrosion in oil and gas production[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(3):137-140.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2010.03.026
[17]HATAIMI S,GHADERI-ARDAKANI A,NIKNEJADKHOMAMI M,et al.On the prediction of CO_2 corrosion in petroleum industry[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids2016,117:108-112.doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.047
[18]AL-HASSAN S,MISHRA B,OLSON D L,et al. Eff ect of micro structure on corrosion of steels in aqueous solutions containing carbon dioxide[J].Corrosion-Houston Tx-,2012,54(6):480-491.
[19]王献昉,陈长风,白真权,等.CO_2腐蚀速率半经验预测模型研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2009(2):90-94.WANG Xianfang,CHEN Changfeng,BAI Zhenquan,et al.Semi-empirical model for CO_2 corrosion rate[J].Corrosion and Protection,2009(2):90-94.
[20]张国华,张国庆,李妍.油气田CO_2腐蚀典型预测模型的比较及探究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2008,22(4):47-51doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7818.2008.04.021ZHANG Guohua,ZHANG Guoqing,LI Yan.Comparison and exploration of typical prediction model of CO_2 corrosi on in oil and gas field s[J].Total Corro sion Control,2008,22(4):47-51.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-7818.2008.04.021
[21]蔡利华,乐明,杨鹏,等.海上油气田CO_2腐蚀预测模型研究[J].当代化工,2016,45(10):2356-2359.CAI Lihua,YUE Ming,YANG Peng,et al.CO_2 corrosion prediction model of production system in offshore oil gas fields[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2016,45(10):2356-2359.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-0460.2016.10.028
[22]API TR 5C3.Technical report on equations and calculations for casing,tubing,and line pipe used as casing ortubing[S].Washington D C:American Petroleum Institute,2008.
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