西藏纳木错及其入湖河流溶解有机碳和总氮浓度的季节变化
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摘要
为深入理解纳木错湖水及入湖河流中溶解有机碳(DOC)和总氮(TN)浓度的季节变化特征及其影响因素,于2012-2013年不同季节对纳木错2个站点及流域内21条主要入湖河流进行采样及分析,采用统计学方法初步探讨纳木错水体和21条河流DOC和TN浓度季节变化特征.结果表明,河流DOC平均浓度范围为0.763～1.537 mg/L,TN平均浓度范围为0.179～0.387 mg/L. 21条入湖河流DOC浓度在春末夏初和夏季达到高值,冬季为低值,TN浓度季节变化趋势大体上与DOC浓度相反.湖泊水体DOC和TN浓度范围分别为2.42～8.08和0.237～0.517 mg/L,明显分别高于河水中的浓度.湖泊DOC浓度季节变化趋势与河流一致,而TN浓度无明显的季节性变化.河水DOC浓度的季节变化和空间差异受控于河流的补给方式,湖水DOC浓度受湖泊内部藻类等水生植物活动和河流外源输入的影响. DOC等有机质的分解是影响纳木错流域湖水和河水TN浓度的重要原因.
Water samples were seasonally collected from two sites in Nam Co and twenty-one inflowing rivers around the lake in2012 and 2013. Seasonal variations of dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and total nitrogen( TN) concentrations were investigated.Results indicated that DOC concentrations of the twenty-one inflowing rivers ranged from 0.763 to 1.537 mg/L,and TN concentrations ranged from 0.179 to 0.387 mg/L. Average DOC concentrations reached higher values in the late spring and summer,but lower values in winter. TN concentrations showed a contrasting seasonal variation with DOC concentrations. DOC and TN concentrations in Nam Co were 2.42-8.08 mg/L and 0.237-0.517 mg/L,respectively,and seasonal variability of DOC concentrations in lake had same trend as those in inflowing rivers,while TN concentrations showed slight seasonal changes. The seasonal and spatial variations pattern of river DOC concentrations were controlled by recharge modes,while these DOC concentration patterns in the lake are influenced by hydrophyte,algae and exogenous inputs. Meanwhile,the decomposition of DOC and other organic matter significantly influenced the TN concentrations of rivers and lake water column in Nam Co catchment.
Water samples were seasonally collected from two sites in Nam Co and twenty-one inflowing rivers around the lake in2012 and 2013. Seasonal variations of dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and total nitrogen( TN) concentrations were investigated.Results indicated that DOC concentrations of the twenty-one inflowing rivers ranged from 0.763 to 1.537 mg/L,and TN concentrations ranged from 0.179 to 0.387 mg/L. Average DOC concentrations reached higher values in the late spring and summer,but lower values in winter. TN concentrations showed a contrasting seasonal variation with DOC concentrations. DOC and TN concentrations in Nam Co were 2.42-8.08 mg/L and 0.237-0.517 mg/L,respectively,and seasonal variability of DOC concentrations in lake had same trend as those in inflowing rivers,while TN concentrations showed slight seasonal changes. The seasonal and spatial variations pattern of river DOC concentrations were controlled by recharge modes,while these DOC concentration patterns in the lake are influenced by hydrophyte,algae and exogenous inputs. Meanwhile,the decomposition of DOC and other organic matter significantly influenced the TN concentrations of rivers and lake water column in Nam Co catchment.
引文
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[2] Wang XJ,Fang CL,Yu ZT et al. Seansonal variations and sources of particulate and dissolved orgnic carbon in Lake Bosten,Xinjiang Province. J Lake Sci,2014,26(4):552-558. DOI:10.18307/2014.0409.[王秀君,房传苓,于志同等.新疆博斯腾湖水体颗粒和溶解有机碳的季节变化及其来源初探.湖泊科学,2014,26(4):552-558.]
[3] Xie SC,Chen JF,Wang FP et al. Mechanisms of carbon storage and the coupled carbon,nitrogenand sulfur cycles in reginonal seas in response to global change. Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,47(3):378-382.[谢树成,陈建芳,王风平等.海洋储碳机制及区域碳氮硫循环耦合对全球变化的响应.中国科学:D辑:地球科学,2017,47(3):378-382.]
[4] Sobek S,Tranvik LJ,Prairie YT et al. Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon:An analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes. Limnology and Oceanography,2007,52(3):1208-1219. DOI:10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1208.
[5] Wei XG. Progress in the study of biogeochemistry of riverine organic matter. Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):1063-1067.[魏秀国.河流有机质生物地球化学研究进展.生态环境,2007,16(2):1063-1067.]
[6] Mann CJ,Wetzel RG. Dissolved organic carbon and its utilization in a riverine wetland ecosystem. Biogeochemistry,1995,31(2):99-120. DOI:10.1007/BF00000941.
[7] Yang DT,Chen WM. The temporal and sptial distribution of dissolved orgnic carbon in lakes at the lower reach of Changjiang River. Environmental Pollution and Control,2004,26(4):275-277,323.[杨顶田,陈伟民.长江下游湖泊中可溶性有机碳的时空分布.环境污染与防治,2004,26(4):275-277,323.]
[8] Song K,Wen Z,Shang Y et al. Quantification of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)storage in lakes and reservoirs of mainland China. Journal of Environmental Management,2018,217(2018):391-402. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.121.
[9] Kalff J ed. Limnology:inland water ecosystems. Beijing:High Education Press,2011:274.
[10] Peterson BJ,Wollheim WM,Mulholland PJ et al. Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams. Science,2001,292(5514):86-90. DOI:10.1126/science.1056874.
[11] Hood E,MCknight DM,Williams MW. Sources and chemical character of dissolved organic carbon across an alpine/subalpine ecotone,Green Lakes Valley,Colorado Front Range,United States. Water Resources Research,2003,39(7):1-12.DOI:10.1029/2002 WR001738.
[12] Ejarque E,Khan S,Steniczka G et al. Climate-induced hydrological variation controls the transformation of dissolved organic matter in a subalpine lake. Limnology and Oceanography,2018,63(3):1355-1371. DOI:10.1002/lno.10777.
[13] Li W,Wu FC,Fu PQ et al. Profile characteristics and seasonal variation of dissolved organic matter in hongfeng Lake,Guizhou. Environmental Science,2006,27(10):1979-1985.[黎文,吴丰昌,傅平青等.贵州红枫湖水体溶解有机质的剖面特征和季节变化.环境科学,2006,27(10):1979-1985.]
[14] Chow MF,Lai CC,Kuo HY et al. Long term trends and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in a subtropical reservoir basin. Water,2017,9(7):545-558. DOI:10.3390/w9070545.
[15] Evans C,Monteith D,Cooper D. Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon:observations,possible causes and environmental impacts. Environmental Pollution,2005,137(1):55-71. DOI:10. 1016/j. envpol. 2004.12.031.
[16] Li YF,Xia YQ,Li XB et al. Temporal and spatial variations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the typical reaches of Qinhuai River. Environmental Science,2013,34(1):91-97.[李跃飞,夏永秋,李晓波等.秦淮河典型河段总氮总磷时空变异特征.环境科学,2013,34(1):91-97.]
[17] He YY,Jiangliu GY,Zhao JF. Temporal and spatial variations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus nutrients in the Bosten lake. Journal of Shihezi University:Natural Science,2016,34(2):259-264.[何杨洋,江浏光艳,赵景峰.博斯腾湖总氮总磷的时空分布.石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2016,34(2):259-264.]
[18] Shu FY,Liu YP,Zhao Y et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of TN and TP in water and evaluation of eutophic state of Lake Nansi. Environmental Science,2012,33(11):3748-3752.[舒凤月,刘玉配,赵颖等.南四湖水体氮、磷营养盐时空分布特征及营养状态评价.环境科学,2012,33(11):3748-3752.]
[19] Ma RH,Yang GS,Duan HT et al. China's lakes at present:Number,area and spatial distribution. Sci China:Earth Sci,2011,41(3):394-401.[马荣华,杨桂山,段洪涛等.中国湖泊的数量、面积与空间分布.中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(3):394-401.]
[20] Mladenov N,Sommaruga R,Morales-baquero R et al. Dust inputs and bacteria influence dissolved organic matter in clear alpine lakes. Nature Communications,2011,405(2). DOI:10.1038/ncomms1411.
[21] Liu X,Yao T,Kang S et al. Bacterial community of the largest Oligosaline Lake,Namco on the Tibetan Plateau. Geomicrobiology Journal,2010,27(8):669-682. DOI:10.1080/01490450903528000.
[22] Liu Y,Yao T,Zhu L et al. Bacterial diversity of freshwater alpine lake Puma Yumco on the Tibetan Plateau. Geomicrobiology Journal,2009,26(2):131-145. DOI:10.1080/01490450802660201.
[23] Wu YH,Zhu LP,Ye QH et al. The response of lake-glacier area change to climate variations in Namco Basin,Central Tibetan Plateau,during the last three decades. Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(3):301-311.[吴艳红,朱立平,叶庆华等.纳木错流域近30年来湖泊-冰川变化对气候的响应.地理学报,2007,62(3):301-311.]
[24] Qian WH,Ding T,Tang SQ. Some understangding of the seasonal march of Asian Monsoons. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2010,26(1):111-116.[钱维宏,丁婷,汤帅奇.亚洲季风季节进程的若干认识.热带气象学报,2010,26(1):111-116.]
[25] You QL,Kang SC,Li CL et al. Variation features of meteorological elements at Namco Station,Tibetan Plateau. Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(3):54-60.[游庆龙,康世昌,李潮流等.青藏高原纳木错气象要素变化特征.气象,2007,33(3):54-60.]
[26] Zhu LP,Qiao BJ,Yang RM et al. New recognition of water storages and physicochemical property of the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Nature,2017,39(3):166-172.[朱立平,乔宝晋,杨瑞敏等.青藏高原湖泊水量与水质变化的新认知.自然杂志,2017,39(3):166-172.]
[27] Wang J,Zhu L,Daut G et al. Investigation of bathymetry and water quality of Lake Nam Co,the largest lake on the central Tibetan Plateau,China. Limnology,2009,10(2):149-158. DOI:10.1007/s10201-009-0266-8.
[28] Wang JB,Zhu LP,Wang Y et al. Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rate and variations in the past 60 years in Nam Co,Tibetan Plateau,China. Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(3):535-543.[王君波,朱立平,汪勇等.西藏纳木错现代沉积速率的空间分布特征及近60年来的变化研究.第四纪研究,2011,31(3):535-543.]
[29] Keil A,Berking J,Mügler I et al. Hydrological and geomorphological basin and catchment characteristics of Lake Nam Co,South-Central Tibet. Quaternary International,2010,218(1/2):118-130. DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2009. 02.022.
[30] Zhou S,Kang S,Chen F et al. Water balance observations reveal significant subsurface water seepage from Lake Nam Co,south-central Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Hydrology,2013,491:89-99. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.030.
[31] Chen F,Cai QG,Sun LY. Estimation of meltwater runoff from glaciers and snow cover in Nam Co basin,Tibetan Plateau.Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(2):127-136.[陈飞,蔡强国,孙莉英.青藏高原纳木错流域冰雪融水径流量估算.中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):127-136.]
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