数据域初至波走时与成像域反射波走时联合层析速度建模方法
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摘要
复杂地表探区,尤其是盆山过渡区的油气勘探是我国也是世界上油气勘探的重点区域,但是此类区域油气地震勘探中满足精确地震成像的速度建模一直是个没有很好解决的问题.本文提出了一种综合性的数据域初至波走时与成像域反射波走时联合层析复杂地表浅中深层速度建模方法,并针对联合层析速度反演解的非唯一性问题,深入地分析了层析反演中正则化的本质意义,指出了建立构造特征正则化方法的具体技术路线,提出了联合层析的实现流程及策略.理论和实际数据试验表明,本文提出的数据域初至走时与成像域反射走时联合层析浅中深层速度建模技术避免了常规建模方法中浅层速度模型与中深层速度模型的融合问题,较好地解决了传统成像域反射层析对近地表模型的不可控更新问题,整体提升了深度域浅中深层速度模型的建模精度,进而提高了复杂地表、复杂构造区的地震成像质量.
Exploration of oil and gas in complex surface regions,especially basin-mountain transition areas,is significant in China and elsewhere in the world.Velocity modeling for accurate seismic imaging in such areas remains unsolved.This work proposes an integrated method for velocity modeling in the shallow and deep subsurface,which combines first break travel time in the data domain with reflection travel time in the imaging domain.Given that tomographic velocity inversion is nonlinear with strong non-uniqueness,the essence of regularization in tomographic inversion is discussed.Following the specific technical thought for regularizationestablished with structural characteristics,the implementation and strategy of joint tomography are presented.Theoretical and real data experiments demonstrate that this joint tomography method in both the data and imaging domain avoids the fusion problem of velocity modeling from shallow to deep,while escaping from uncontrollability of conventional reflection tomography for the near surface model in imaging domain and improving the accuracy of velocity modeling both shallow and deep in the depth domain,thus enhances the quality of seismic imaging in areas with complex surface and structure.
Exploration of oil and gas in complex surface regions,especially basin-mountain transition areas,is significant in China and elsewhere in the world.Velocity modeling for accurate seismic imaging in such areas remains unsolved.This work proposes an integrated method for velocity modeling in the shallow and deep subsurface,which combines first break travel time in the data domain with reflection travel time in the imaging domain.Given that tomographic velocity inversion is nonlinear with strong non-uniqueness,the essence of regularization in tomographic inversion is discussed.Following the specific technical thought for regularizationestablished with structural characteristics,the implementation and strategy of joint tomography are presented.Theoretical and real data experiments demonstrate that this joint tomography method in both the data and imaging domain avoids the fusion problem of velocity modeling from shallow to deep,while escaping from uncontrollability of conventional reflection tomography for the near surface model in imaging domain and improving the accuracy of velocity modeling both shallow and deep in the depth domain,thus enhances the quality of seismic imaging in areas with complex surface and structure.
引文
Bai C Y,Huang G J,Li Z S.2011.Simultaneous inversion combining multiple-phase travel times within 3D complex layered media.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(1):182-192,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.019.
Cai J X,Wang H Z,Chen J,et al.2017.Traveltime tomography in the image domain based on the Gaussian-beam-propagator.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(9):3539-3554,doi:10.6038/cjg20170921.
Chen B,Ning H X,Xie X B.2016.Investigating the effect of shallow scatterings from small-scale near-surface heterogeneities on seismic imaging:A resolution analysis based method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(5):1762-1775,doi:10.6038/cjg20160520.
Clapp R G,Biondi B L,Claerbout J F.2004.Incorporating geologic information into reflection tomography.Geophysics,69(2):533-546.
Cui Y,Wang Y F.2015.Tikhonov regularization and gradient descent algorithms for tomography using first-arrival seismic traveltimes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(4):1367-1377,doi:10.6038/cjg20150423.
Fei J B,Yang Z C.2016.Double interfaces matching integrated velocity model building and its application to Yangxia area at the piedmont zone in the South of Tianshan Mountain.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(4):533-539.
Giustiniani M,Tinivella U,Accaino F.2010.P and S reflection and P refraction:an integration for characterising shallow subsurface.Journal of applied Geophysics,71(4):149-156.
Hobro J W D,Singh S C,Minshull T O.2003.Three-dimensional tomographic inversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic traveltime data.Geophysical Journal International,152(1):79-93.
Huang G J,Bai C Y.2010.Simultaneous inversion with multiple traveltimes within 2-D complex layered media.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(12):2972-2981,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.021.
Li H,Wang H Z,Zhang B.2015.The study of regularization in tomography.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(5):569-581.
Li P M,Yan Z H,Guo M J,et al.2009.2-D deformable-layer tomostatics with the joint use of first breaks and shallow reflections.∥89th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,28:1335-1339.
Li Q C,Ye P.2013.Joint tomography of first break and reflection traveltime with multi-scale netsize method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(4):536-544.
Li Y D,Dong L G,Liu Y Z.2017.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on a new preconditioned adjoint-state method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):3934-3941,doi:10.6038/cjg20171021.
Liu J P,Wang Y Y,Liu Z,et al.2015.Progress and application of near-surface reflection and refraction method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3286-3305,doi:10.6038/cjg20150923.
Liu X M,Wu D L,Liang S B,et al.2017.Diving wave tomography velocity inversion using fat ray in prestack depth migration.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(5):718-726.
Luo Y,Schuster,G T.1991.Wave-equation traveltime inversion.Geophysics,56(5):645-653.
Mendes M,Mari J L,Hayet M.2014.Imaging geological structures up to the acquisition surface using a hybrid refraction-reflection seismic method.Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev.IFP Energies Nouvelles,69(2):351-361.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,56(1):59-67.
Nolet G.2008.A Breviary of Seismic Tomography:Imaging the Interior of the Earth and Sun.New York:Cambridge University Press.
Orlando L.Pelliccioni G.2010.P and PS data to reduce the uncertainty in the reconstruction of near-surface alluvial deposits(Case study-central Italy).Journal of Applied Geophysics,72(1):57-69.
Qin N,Li Z C,Zhang K,et al.2013.Joint tomography inversion of image domain for elastic vector wavefield.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3109-3117,doi:10.6038/cjg20130923.
Stork C.1992.Reflection tomography in the postmigrated domain.Geophysics,57(5):680-692.
Taillandier C,Noble M,Chauris H,et al.2009.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint-state method.Geophysics,74(6):57-66.
Tarantola A.2004.Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation.Philadelphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1-352.
Wang H Z,Zhang B,Liu S Y,et al.2012.Discussion on the imaging processing workflow for foothill seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),51(6):574-583,597.
Woodward M J,Nichols D,Zdraveva O,et al.2008.A decade of tomography.Geophysics,73(5):VE5-VE11.
Yang Q Y,Fang W B.2008.A study on seismic imaging techniques in complex surface and subsurface areas.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),29(5):676-682,689.
Yu G P,Xu T,Zhang M H,et al.2017.Nonlinear travel-time inversion for 3-D complex crustal velocity structure.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(4):1398-1410,doi:10.6038/cjg20170414.
Zdraveva O,Hydal S,Woodward M.2013.Tomography with geological constraints:an alternative solution for resolving of carbonates.∥73rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Zelt C A,Hojka A M,Flueh E E,et al.1999.3Dsimultaneous seismic refraction and reflection tomography of wide-angle data from the central Chilean margin.Geophysical Research Letters,26(16):2577-2580.
Zelt C A,Ellis R M,Zelt B C.2006.Three-dimensional structure across the Tintina strike-slip fault,northern Canadian Cordillera,from seismic refraction and reflection tomography.Geophysical Journal International,167(3):1292-1308.
Zhang B,Xu Z T,Wang H Z,et al.2012.Common imaging gathers tomography velocity inversion and model building in foothill area.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),51(6):590-597.
Zhang J H,ten Brink U S,Toksoz M N.1998.Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,103(B12):29743-29757.
Zhou C,Brandsberg D S,Jiao J.2009.A continuation approach to regularize the reflection tomography with a 3Dgaussian filter.∥71st EAGE Conference&Exhibition,Amsterdam,The Netherlands,Expanded Abstracts,U031.
Zhou C 2013.Incorporating geologic information into reflection tomography with a dip oriented Gaussian filter.∥75th EAGEConference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013,London,UK.Expanded Abstracts,Th-04-02.
Zhou W,Brossier R,Operto S,et al.2014.Combining diving and reflected waves for velocity model building by waveform inversion.∥84th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Zuo J J,Lin S H,Kong Q F,et al.2011.Imaging by ajoint tomography of direct wave traveltime and reflection wave traveltime in crosswell seismic and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):226-231.
白超英,黄国娇,李忠生.2011.三维复杂层状介质中多震相走时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,54(1):182-192,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.019.
蔡杰雄,王华忠,陈进等.2017.基于高斯束传播算子的成像域走时层析成像方法.地球物理学报,60(9):3539-3554,doi:10.6038/cjg20170921.
陈波,宁宏晓,谢小碧.2016.通过地震成像分辨率研究近地表复杂介质散射对成像质量的影响.地球物理学报,59(5):1762-1775,doi:10.6038/cjg20160520.
崔岩,王彦飞.2015.基于初至波走时层析成像的Tikhonov正则化与梯度优化算法.地球物理学报,58(4):1367-1377,doi:10.6038/cjg20150423.
费建博,杨子川.2016.双界面匹配一体化速度建模技术研究与应用---以天山南山前带阳霞区块为例.石油物探,55(4):533-539.
黄国娇,白超英.2010.二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,53(12):2972-2981,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.021.
李辉,王华忠,张兵.2015.层析反演中的正则化方法研究.石油物探,54(5):569-581.
李庆春,叶佩.2013.初至波与反射波旅行时多尺度渐进联合层析成像.石油地球物理勘探,48(4):536-544.
李勇德,董良国,刘玉柱.2017.一种新的预条件伴随状态法初至波走时层析.地球物理学报,60(10):3934-3941,doi:10.6038/cjg20171021.
刘江平,王莹莹,刘震等.2015.近地表反射和折射法的进展及应用.地球物理学报,58(9):3286-3305,doi:10.6038/cjg20150923.
刘小民,邬达理,梁硕博等.2017.潜水波胖射线走时层析速度反演及其在深度偏移速度建模中的应用.石油物探,56(5):718-726.
秦宁,李振春,张凯等.2013.弹性矢量波成像域联合层析反演.地球物理学报,56(9):3109-3117,doi:10.6038/cjg20130923.
王华忠,张兵,刘少勇等.2012.山前带地震数据成像处理流程探讨.石油物探,51(6):574-583,597.
杨勤勇,方伍宝.2008.复杂地表复杂地下地区地震成像技术研究.石油与天然气地质,29(5):676-682,689.
俞贵平,徐涛,张明辉等.2017.三维复杂地壳结构非线性走时反演.地球物理学报,60(4):1398-1410,doi:10.6038/cjg20170414.
张兵,徐兆涛,王华忠等.2012.山前带地震数据共成像点道集层析速度反演建模方法研究.石油物探,51(6):590-597.
左建军,林松辉,孔庆丰等.2011.井间地震直达波和反射波联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,46(2):226-231.
Cai J X,Wang H Z,Chen J,et al.2017.Traveltime tomography in the image domain based on the Gaussian-beam-propagator.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(9):3539-3554,doi:10.6038/cjg20170921.
Chen B,Ning H X,Xie X B.2016.Investigating the effect of shallow scatterings from small-scale near-surface heterogeneities on seismic imaging:A resolution analysis based method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(5):1762-1775,doi:10.6038/cjg20160520.
Clapp R G,Biondi B L,Claerbout J F.2004.Incorporating geologic information into reflection tomography.Geophysics,69(2):533-546.
Cui Y,Wang Y F.2015.Tikhonov regularization and gradient descent algorithms for tomography using first-arrival seismic traveltimes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(4):1367-1377,doi:10.6038/cjg20150423.
Fei J B,Yang Z C.2016.Double interfaces matching integrated velocity model building and its application to Yangxia area at the piedmont zone in the South of Tianshan Mountain.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(4):533-539.
Giustiniani M,Tinivella U,Accaino F.2010.P and S reflection and P refraction:an integration for characterising shallow subsurface.Journal of applied Geophysics,71(4):149-156.
Hobro J W D,Singh S C,Minshull T O.2003.Three-dimensional tomographic inversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic traveltime data.Geophysical Journal International,152(1):79-93.
Huang G J,Bai C Y.2010.Simultaneous inversion with multiple traveltimes within 2-D complex layered media.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(12):2972-2981,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.021.
Li H,Wang H Z,Zhang B.2015.The study of regularization in tomography.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(5):569-581.
Li P M,Yan Z H,Guo M J,et al.2009.2-D deformable-layer tomostatics with the joint use of first breaks and shallow reflections.∥89th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,28:1335-1339.
Li Q C,Ye P.2013.Joint tomography of first break and reflection traveltime with multi-scale netsize method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(4):536-544.
Li Y D,Dong L G,Liu Y Z.2017.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on a new preconditioned adjoint-state method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):3934-3941,doi:10.6038/cjg20171021.
Liu J P,Wang Y Y,Liu Z,et al.2015.Progress and application of near-surface reflection and refraction method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(9):3286-3305,doi:10.6038/cjg20150923.
Liu X M,Wu D L,Liang S B,et al.2017.Diving wave tomography velocity inversion using fat ray in prestack depth migration.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(5):718-726.
Luo Y,Schuster,G T.1991.Wave-equation traveltime inversion.Geophysics,56(5):645-653.
Mendes M,Mari J L,Hayet M.2014.Imaging geological structures up to the acquisition surface using a hybrid refraction-reflection seismic method.Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev.IFP Energies Nouvelles,69(2):351-361.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays.Geophysics,56(1):59-67.
Nolet G.2008.A Breviary of Seismic Tomography:Imaging the Interior of the Earth and Sun.New York:Cambridge University Press.
Orlando L.Pelliccioni G.2010.P and PS data to reduce the uncertainty in the reconstruction of near-surface alluvial deposits(Case study-central Italy).Journal of Applied Geophysics,72(1):57-69.
Qin N,Li Z C,Zhang K,et al.2013.Joint tomography inversion of image domain for elastic vector wavefield.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3109-3117,doi:10.6038/cjg20130923.
Stork C.1992.Reflection tomography in the postmigrated domain.Geophysics,57(5):680-692.
Taillandier C,Noble M,Chauris H,et al.2009.First-arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint-state method.Geophysics,74(6):57-66.
Tarantola A.2004.Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation.Philadelphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1-352.
Wang H Z,Zhang B,Liu S Y,et al.2012.Discussion on the imaging processing workflow for foothill seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),51(6):574-583,597.
Woodward M J,Nichols D,Zdraveva O,et al.2008.A decade of tomography.Geophysics,73(5):VE5-VE11.
Yang Q Y,Fang W B.2008.A study on seismic imaging techniques in complex surface and subsurface areas.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),29(5):676-682,689.
Yu G P,Xu T,Zhang M H,et al.2017.Nonlinear travel-time inversion for 3-D complex crustal velocity structure.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(4):1398-1410,doi:10.6038/cjg20170414.
Zdraveva O,Hydal S,Woodward M.2013.Tomography with geological constraints:an alternative solution for resolving of carbonates.∥73rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Zelt C A,Hojka A M,Flueh E E,et al.1999.3Dsimultaneous seismic refraction and reflection tomography of wide-angle data from the central Chilean margin.Geophysical Research Letters,26(16):2577-2580.
Zelt C A,Ellis R M,Zelt B C.2006.Three-dimensional structure across the Tintina strike-slip fault,northern Canadian Cordillera,from seismic refraction and reflection tomography.Geophysical Journal International,167(3):1292-1308.
Zhang B,Xu Z T,Wang H Z,et al.2012.Common imaging gathers tomography velocity inversion and model building in foothill area.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),51(6):590-597.
Zhang J H,ten Brink U S,Toksoz M N.1998.Nonlinear refraction and reflection travel time tomography.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,103(B12):29743-29757.
Zhou C,Brandsberg D S,Jiao J.2009.A continuation approach to regularize the reflection tomography with a 3Dgaussian filter.∥71st EAGE Conference&Exhibition,Amsterdam,The Netherlands,Expanded Abstracts,U031.
Zhou C 2013.Incorporating geologic information into reflection tomography with a dip oriented Gaussian filter.∥75th EAGEConference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013,London,UK.Expanded Abstracts,Th-04-02.
Zhou W,Brossier R,Operto S,et al.2014.Combining diving and reflected waves for velocity model building by waveform inversion.∥84th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Zuo J J,Lin S H,Kong Q F,et al.2011.Imaging by ajoint tomography of direct wave traveltime and reflection wave traveltime in crosswell seismic and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):226-231.
白超英,黄国娇,李忠生.2011.三维复杂层状介质中多震相走时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,54(1):182-192,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.019.
蔡杰雄,王华忠,陈进等.2017.基于高斯束传播算子的成像域走时层析成像方法.地球物理学报,60(9):3539-3554,doi:10.6038/cjg20170921.
陈波,宁宏晓,谢小碧.2016.通过地震成像分辨率研究近地表复杂介质散射对成像质量的影响.地球物理学报,59(5):1762-1775,doi:10.6038/cjg20160520.
崔岩,王彦飞.2015.基于初至波走时层析成像的Tikhonov正则化与梯度优化算法.地球物理学报,58(4):1367-1377,doi:10.6038/cjg20150423.
费建博,杨子川.2016.双界面匹配一体化速度建模技术研究与应用---以天山南山前带阳霞区块为例.石油物探,55(4):533-539.
黄国娇,白超英.2010.二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像.地球物理学报,53(12):2972-2981,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.021.
李辉,王华忠,张兵.2015.层析反演中的正则化方法研究.石油物探,54(5):569-581.
李庆春,叶佩.2013.初至波与反射波旅行时多尺度渐进联合层析成像.石油地球物理勘探,48(4):536-544.
李勇德,董良国,刘玉柱.2017.一种新的预条件伴随状态法初至波走时层析.地球物理学报,60(10):3934-3941,doi:10.6038/cjg20171021.
刘江平,王莹莹,刘震等.2015.近地表反射和折射法的进展及应用.地球物理学报,58(9):3286-3305,doi:10.6038/cjg20150923.
刘小民,邬达理,梁硕博等.2017.潜水波胖射线走时层析速度反演及其在深度偏移速度建模中的应用.石油物探,56(5):718-726.
秦宁,李振春,张凯等.2013.弹性矢量波成像域联合层析反演.地球物理学报,56(9):3109-3117,doi:10.6038/cjg20130923.
王华忠,张兵,刘少勇等.2012.山前带地震数据成像处理流程探讨.石油物探,51(6):574-583,597.
杨勤勇,方伍宝.2008.复杂地表复杂地下地区地震成像技术研究.石油与天然气地质,29(5):676-682,689.
俞贵平,徐涛,张明辉等.2017.三维复杂地壳结构非线性走时反演.地球物理学报,60(4):1398-1410,doi:10.6038/cjg20170414.
张兵,徐兆涛,王华忠等.2012.山前带地震数据共成像点道集层析速度反演建模方法研究.石油物探,51(6):590-597.
左建军,林松辉,孔庆丰等.2011.井间地震直达波和反射波联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,46(2):226-231.
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