天山北部强震活动对区域应力扰动的分析——以2012年伊犁M6.6地震和2017年精河M6.6地震为例
|
摘要
天山地区为典型地震活跃区,为定量分析该构造活跃区强震对周边构造变形和地震活动的影响,本文基于地震位错理论和岩石圈分层模型计算了天山北部近期发生的2012年伊犁和2017年精河两次M6.6地震对周围地壳形变和应力的影响。计算结果显示伊犁地震和精河M6.6地震引起震中附近地表同震位移达数厘米,地表同震应变量级约为10~(-7);对比天山北部地区年平均构造形变特征,M6.6强震释放了震中附近近十年的构造主压应变积累;地震引起震中附近(80 km内)同震库仑应力变化大于1 kPa,而距震中较远区域活动断层上库仑应力变化微弱。结合天山北部现今地壳变形特征及区域地震分布,初步推测两次M6.6地震的发生对震后余震有显著的触发作用,而对区域后续微震活动的影响微弱。
In order to explore the influence of Moderate-Strong earthquake on the regional crustal deformation and seismic activity in Tian Shan, we calculated the coseismic and postseismic effects of the Yili M_S6.6 earthquake in 2012 and Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake in 2017 on crustal deformation and stress, by adopting the elastic dislocation theory and the layered lithospheric model. The calculated results show that the both the M_S6.6 earthquakes lead to coseismic displacement in the magnitude of several centimeters and crustal deformation in the magnitude of 10~(-7) within 80 km away from the epicenter. Compared with the annual average tectonic deformation characteristics in the northern Tianshan area, the M6.6 earthquakes release the accumulation of tectonic strain of nearly 10 years. The change of regional Coulomb stress is above 1 kPa near the epicenter within 80 km, and is slight in the area far away from the epicenter. Combining the tectonic settings and seismic activity after the Jinghe earthquake, we find these two M_S6.6 earthquakes have a significant triggering effect on post-earthquake aftershocks near the epicenter, while the influences on regional deformation and seismic activity are comparatively small.
In order to explore the influence of Moderate-Strong earthquake on the regional crustal deformation and seismic activity in Tian Shan, we calculated the coseismic and postseismic effects of the Yili M_S6.6 earthquake in 2012 and Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake in 2017 on crustal deformation and stress, by adopting the elastic dislocation theory and the layered lithospheric model. The calculated results show that the both the M_S6.6 earthquakes lead to coseismic displacement in the magnitude of several centimeters and crustal deformation in the magnitude of 10~(-7) within 80 km away from the epicenter. Compared with the annual average tectonic deformation characteristics in the northern Tianshan area, the M6.6 earthquakes release the accumulation of tectonic strain of nearly 10 years. The change of regional Coulomb stress is above 1 kPa near the epicenter within 80 km, and is slight in the area far away from the epicenter. Combining the tectonic settings and seismic activity after the Jinghe earthquake, we find these two M_S6.6 earthquakes have a significant triggering effect on post-earthquake aftershocks near the epicenter, while the influences on regional deformation and seismic activity are comparatively small.
引文
[1] 张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题[J].中国地震,1996,12(2):127-140.
[2] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.
[3] Li A,Chen C.Shear wave splitting beneath the central Tien Shan and tectonic implications[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33(32):L22303.
[4] Mechie J,X.Yuan,B.Schurr,et al.Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure along a profile across the Pamir and southern Tien Shan as derived from project TIPAGE wide-angle seismic data[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,188( 2):385-407.
[5] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(B04):12-20.
[6] Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1997,102(B3):5043-5063.
[7] Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(B7):3425-3459.
[8] 嵇少丞,王茜,孙圣思,等.亚洲大陆逃逸构造与现今中国地震活动[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1644-1667.
[9] 王琪,丁国瑜.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动[J].科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547.
[10] Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates[J].Nature,1996,384(6608):450-453.
[11] Zubovich A V,Wang X Q,Scherba Y G,et al.GPS velocity field for the Tien Shan and surrounding regions[J].Tectonics,2010,29(6).
[12] Wu Y,Jiang Z,Zhao J,et al.Crustal deformation before the 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake studied using GPS data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2015,85:11-23.
[13] Ghose S,Hamburger M W,Ammon C J.Source parameters of moderate-sized earthquakes in the Tien Shan,central Asia from regional moment tensor inversion[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(16):3181-3184.
[14] Molnar P,Ghose S.Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the rate of shortening across the Tien Shan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(16):2377-2380.
[15] Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Crustal Stress in China.Geological Publ.House,Beijing (in Chinese),2003.
[16] 邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[17] Campbell G E,Walker R T,Abdrakhmatov K,et al.The Dzhungarian fault:Late Quaternary tectonics and slip rate of a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the northern Tien Shan region[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2013,118(10):5681-5698.
[18] 杨少敏,李杰,王琪.GPS 研究天山现今变形与断层活动[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(7):872-880.
[19] Stein R S.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,1999,402(6762):605.
[20] Stein R S.Earthquake conversations[J].Scientific American,2003,288.1:72-79.
[21] Papadimitriou E E.Mode of strong earthquake recurrence in the central Ionian Islands (Greece):possible triggering due to Coulomb stress changes generated by the occurrence of previous strong shocks[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(8):3293-3308.
[22] 单斌,熊熊,郑勇,等.2008 年 5 月 12 日 MW7.9 汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学:D辑,2009,(5):537-545.
[23] 单斌,郑勇,刘成利,等.2017年M7.0级九寨沟地震同震库仑应力变化及其与 2008 年汶川地震的关系[J].中国科学:D辑,2017,47(11):1329-1338.
[24] 张贝,张怀,石耀霖.有限元模拟弹性位错的等效体力方法[J].地球物理学报,2015a,58(5):1666-1674.
[25] 张贝,程惠红,石耀霖.2015 年 4 月 25 日尼泊尔MS8.1大地震的同震效应[J].地球物理学报,2015b,58(5):1794-1803.
[26] 黄禄渊,张贝,瞿武林,等.2010智利Maule特大地震的同震效应[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(3):972-984.
[27] 周仕勇,姜明明,Russell Robinson.1997年新疆伽师强震群发展过程中发震断层间相互作用的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1102-1109.
[28] 张竹琪,陈永顺,林间.1997年伽师震群中相邻正断层和走滑断层之间相互应力作用[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(3):334-342.
[29] 王琼,王海涛.周边地区强震对新疆境内中强地震活动的影响分析[J].地震,2009,29(2):88-97.
[30] Wang R,Lorenzo-Martín F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP—a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers & Geosciences,2006,32(4):527-541.
[31] Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bulletin of the seismological Society of America,1994,84(4):974-1002.
[32] Wang C Y,Yang Z E,Luo H,et al.Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan,China,and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M～7.7 Manas earthquake[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,223(1-2):187-202.
[33] Vinnik L P,Aleshin I M,Kaban M K,et al.Crust and mantle of the Tien Shan from data of the receiver function tomography[J].Izvestiya,Physics of the Solid Earth,2006,42(8):639-651.
[34] King G C,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):935-953.
[2] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.
[3] Li A,Chen C.Shear wave splitting beneath the central Tien Shan and tectonic implications[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33(32):L22303.
[4] Mechie J,X.Yuan,B.Schurr,et al.Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure along a profile across the Pamir and southern Tien Shan as derived from project TIPAGE wide-angle seismic data[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,188( 2):385-407.
[5] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(B04):12-20.
[6] Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1997,102(B3):5043-5063.
[7] Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan,Mongolia,and Baykal regions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,1979,84(B7):3425-3459.
[8] 嵇少丞,王茜,孙圣思,等.亚洲大陆逃逸构造与现今中国地震活动[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1644-1667.
[9] 王琪,丁国瑜.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动[J].科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547.
[10] Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates[J].Nature,1996,384(6608):450-453.
[11] Zubovich A V,Wang X Q,Scherba Y G,et al.GPS velocity field for the Tien Shan and surrounding regions[J].Tectonics,2010,29(6).
[12] Wu Y,Jiang Z,Zhao J,et al.Crustal deformation before the 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake studied using GPS data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2015,85:11-23.
[13] Ghose S,Hamburger M W,Ammon C J.Source parameters of moderate-sized earthquakes in the Tien Shan,central Asia from regional moment tensor inversion[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(16):3181-3184.
[14] Molnar P,Ghose S.Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the rate of shortening across the Tien Shan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(16):2377-2380.
[15] Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Crustal Stress in China.Geological Publ.House,Beijing (in Chinese),2003.
[16] 邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[17] Campbell G E,Walker R T,Abdrakhmatov K,et al.The Dzhungarian fault:Late Quaternary tectonics and slip rate of a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the northern Tien Shan region[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2013,118(10):5681-5698.
[18] 杨少敏,李杰,王琪.GPS 研究天山现今变形与断层活动[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(7):872-880.
[19] Stein R S.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,1999,402(6762):605.
[20] Stein R S.Earthquake conversations[J].Scientific American,2003,288.1:72-79.
[21] Papadimitriou E E.Mode of strong earthquake recurrence in the central Ionian Islands (Greece):possible triggering due to Coulomb stress changes generated by the occurrence of previous strong shocks[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(8):3293-3308.
[22] 单斌,熊熊,郑勇,等.2008 年 5 月 12 日 MW7.9 汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学:D辑,2009,(5):537-545.
[23] 单斌,郑勇,刘成利,等.2017年M7.0级九寨沟地震同震库仑应力变化及其与 2008 年汶川地震的关系[J].中国科学:D辑,2017,47(11):1329-1338.
[24] 张贝,张怀,石耀霖.有限元模拟弹性位错的等效体力方法[J].地球物理学报,2015a,58(5):1666-1674.
[25] 张贝,程惠红,石耀霖.2015 年 4 月 25 日尼泊尔MS8.1大地震的同震效应[J].地球物理学报,2015b,58(5):1794-1803.
[26] 黄禄渊,张贝,瞿武林,等.2010智利Maule特大地震的同震效应[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(3):972-984.
[27] 周仕勇,姜明明,Russell Robinson.1997年新疆伽师强震群发展过程中发震断层间相互作用的影响[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1102-1109.
[28] 张竹琪,陈永顺,林间.1997年伽师震群中相邻正断层和走滑断层之间相互应力作用[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(3):334-342.
[29] 王琼,王海涛.周边地区强震对新疆境内中强地震活动的影响分析[J].地震,2009,29(2):88-97.
[30] Wang R,Lorenzo-Martín F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP—a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers & Geosciences,2006,32(4):527-541.
[31] Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bulletin of the seismological Society of America,1994,84(4):974-1002.
[32] Wang C Y,Yang Z E,Luo H,et al.Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan,China,and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M～7.7 Manas earthquake[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,223(1-2):187-202.
[33] Vinnik L P,Aleshin I M,Kaban M K,et al.Crust and mantle of the Tien Shan from data of the receiver function tomography[J].Izvestiya,Physics of the Solid Earth,2006,42(8):639-651.
[34] King G C,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):935-953.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |