骊山山前断裂华清池以西段晚更新世以来的活动性
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摘要
骊山山前断裂位于骊山北侧,其华清池以西段向渭河盆地延伸,该断裂的几何展布和活动习性是准确认识渭河盆地东部区域地震构造及地震安全性评价的重要依据。跨断裂推测位置布设高密度电法、人工浅层地震及联合钻孔剖面并通过探槽开挖等多种手段进行探测,所得结果显示,华清池以西段的走向由其西段的近EW向变为N60°W,断裂由2支次级正断层构成,倾向NE,倾角约75°。其中,南支次级断层自晚更新世以来没有明显的活动证据,北支次级断层最新活动时代为全新世。人工浅层地震探测揭示断裂附近的地层产状整体倾向S,推测与骊山断块自新生代以来向S掀斜运动有关;联合钻探剖面揭示北支断层自中更新世晚期以来古土壤层S_2断错位移量约10m;晚更新世早期以来古土壤层S_1垂直错距最大约7. 8m。探槽剖面揭示西延段断裂自马兰黄土沉积((32 170±530) Cal a BP)以来至少发生过3次古地震事件,并造成马兰黄土最大总错距约3. 0m。其中,断裂最新一次活动使全新世早期的黄土层L_0((8 630±20) Cal a BP)产生了约0. 9m的垂直错距,并在全新统黑垆土地层S_0((4 390±20) Cal a BP)中形成了明显的张裂缝。最终分析得到骊山山前断裂西延段全新世((8 630±20) Cal a BP)以来的垂直活动速率为0. 11～0. 19mm/a,推测单次事件产生的垂直位错量约0. 9m。
Along the northern piedmont of Mt. Lishan,the characteristics and locations of the active normal Lishan fault in west of Huaqing Pool provide important evidences for determining the seismotectonic environment,seismic stability evaluation of engineering in the eastern Weihe Basin. After reviewing the results from high-density resistivity method,seismic profile data,geological drillhole section and trenching in west of the Huaqing Pool,it is found that the strike of western normal Lishan Fault changes from EW direction at the eastern part to the direction of N60°W,and the fault consists of two branches,dipping NE with a high dip angle of ～ 75°. The artificial shallow seismic profile data reveals that the attitude of strata near Lishan Fault mainly dips to south,which is presumed to be related to the southward tilt movement of Mt. Lishan since the Cenozoic. The section of geological drillhole reveals that since the late middle Pleistocene,the displacement of the paleo-soil layer S_2 is about 10 m. And the maximum displacement of western Lishan Fault recorded in the paleo-soil layer S_1 reaches 7. 8 m since the late Pleistocene.In addition,evidences from trench profile show that the western Lishan Fault was active at least 3 times since Malan loess deposition with 14 C dating age( 32 170 ± 530) Cal a BP. The multiple activities of the Lishan Fault result in a total displacement about 3. 0 m in the Malan loess layer L_1.The latest activity of the western Lishan Fault produced a displacement of about 0. 9 m in the early Holocene loess layer L_0(( 8 630 ±20) Cal a BP) and caused obvious tensile cracks in the Holocene dark leoss layer S_0(( 4 390 ±20) Cal a BP). Briefly,we have obtained a vertical movement rate of about 0. 11 ～ 0. 19 mm/a since the Holocene(( 8 630 ± 20) Cal a BP) in the western extension of the Lishan Fault,the recurrence interval of earthquakes on the fault is about( 10. 7±0. 5) ka,and the coseismic surface rupture in a single event is inferred to be about 0. 9 m.
Along the northern piedmont of Mt. Lishan,the characteristics and locations of the active normal Lishan fault in west of Huaqing Pool provide important evidences for determining the seismotectonic environment,seismic stability evaluation of engineering in the eastern Weihe Basin. After reviewing the results from high-density resistivity method,seismic profile data,geological drillhole section and trenching in west of the Huaqing Pool,it is found that the strike of western normal Lishan Fault changes from EW direction at the eastern part to the direction of N60°W,and the fault consists of two branches,dipping NE with a high dip angle of ～ 75°. The artificial shallow seismic profile data reveals that the attitude of strata near Lishan Fault mainly dips to south,which is presumed to be related to the southward tilt movement of Mt. Lishan since the Cenozoic. The section of geological drillhole reveals that since the late middle Pleistocene,the displacement of the paleo-soil layer S_2 is about 10 m. And the maximum displacement of western Lishan Fault recorded in the paleo-soil layer S_1 reaches 7. 8 m since the late Pleistocene.In addition,evidences from trench profile show that the western Lishan Fault was active at least 3 times since Malan loess deposition with 14 C dating age( 32 170 ± 530) Cal a BP. The multiple activities of the Lishan Fault result in a total displacement about 3. 0 m in the Malan loess layer L_1.The latest activity of the western Lishan Fault produced a displacement of about 0. 9 m in the early Holocene loess layer L_0(( 8 630 ±20) Cal a BP) and caused obvious tensile cracks in the Holocene dark leoss layer S_0(( 4 390 ±20) Cal a BP). Briefly,we have obtained a vertical movement rate of about 0. 11 ～ 0. 19 mm/a since the Holocene(( 8 630 ± 20) Cal a BP) in the western extension of the Lishan Fault,the recurrence interval of earthquakes on the fault is about( 10. 7±0. 5) ka,and the coseismic surface rupture in a single event is inferred to be about 0. 9 m.
引文
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(1)陕西省工程地震勘察研究院,2014,西安市域快速轨道交通临潼线(纺织城-临潼秦汉大道)工程场地地震安全性评价工作报告。
邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.2003.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,10(1):150-162.DENG Qi-dong,XU Xi-wei,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2003.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(1):150-162(in Chinese).
邓起东,张培震.1995.活动断裂分段研究的原则和方法(一)[J].现代地壳运动研究,(6):196-207.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Principles and methods for study of segmentation of active faults(Ⅰ)[J].Research on Recent Crustal Movement,(6):196-207(in Chinese).
丁国瑜.1990.全新世断层活动的不均匀性[J].中国地震,6(1):1-9.DING Guo-yu.1990.The inhomogeneity of faulting in Holocence[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(1):1-9(in Chinese).
杜建军.2016.渭河盆地东南缘主要断裂晚更新世以来的活动性及灾害效应[D].北京:中国地质科学院.DU Jian-jun.2016.Activity of main faults and related geohazard effects in southeast of Weihe Basin[D].Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese).
冯希杰,戴王强,师亚芹,等.2006.临潼-长安断裂错距及其分布特征[J].地震地质,28(4):579-588.FENG Xi-jie,DAI Wang-qiang,SHI Ya-qin,et al.2006.Dislocation and distribution characteristics of the LintongChang'an Fault[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):579-588(in Chinese).
胡孟春.1989.渭河盆地的地质构造与构造地貌类型[J].地理研究,8(4):56-64.HU Meng-chun.1989.The relationship between the tectonic landforms and structures in the Weihe River Basin[J].Geographical Research,8(4):56-64(in Chinese).
胡聿贤.1999.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京:地震出版社:130-153.HU Yu-xian.1999.The Technical Tutorial on Earthquake Safety Assessment[M].Seismological Press,Beijing:130-l53(in Chinese).
李高阳,冯希杰,李陈侠,等.2016.渭南塬前断裂晚第四纪活动特征[C].2016中国地球科学联合学术年会.北京.LI Gao-yang,FENG Xi-jie,LI Chen-xia,et al.2016.The characteristics of late Quaternary activity of the Weinan tableland marginal fault[C].2016 Annual Meeting of Chinese Geoscience Union(CGU).Beijng(in Chinese).
李祥根,冉勇康.1983.华山北坡及渭南塬前活断层[J].华北地震科学,1(2):10-19.LI Xiang-gen,RAN Yong-kang.1983.Active faults in the north slope of Huashan Mountain and the front of the Weinan tableland[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1(2):10-19(in Chinese).
李晓妮,冯希杰,任隽,等.2012.临潼-长安断裂第四纪活动性勘探[J].西北地震学报,34(4):398-404.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0844.2012.04.0398.LI Xiao-ni,FENG Xi-jie,REN Jun,et al.2012.Exploration on Lintong-Chang'an Fault for its activities since Quaternary period[J].Northwestern Seimological Journal,34(4):398-404(in Chinese).
李永善,耿大玉,李金正,等.1992.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究[M].北京:地震出版社.LI Yong-shan,GENG Da-yu,LI Jin-zheng,et al.1992.Research on Ground Fissures in Xi'an Region and Active Faults in Weihe Basin[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李煜航.2017.青藏高原东北横向扩展运动研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.LI Yu-hang.2017.Study on the lateral motion of northeastern Tibetan plateau[D].Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(in Chinese).
潘侊.1983.临潼骊山的地质构造[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),(1):41-49.PAN Gong.1983.Geological structure of Lishan Mountain,Lintong[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Earth Science Edition),(1):41-49(in Chinese).
彭建兵.1991.骊山北缘山前断层的活动特征[J].西安地质学院学报,13(3):29-38.PENG Jian-bing.1991.The activities and age of the fault at the northern foothills of Mt Lishan[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,13(3):29-38(in Chinese).
冉勇康,李彦宝,杜鹏,等.2014.中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(3):正断层破裂特征、环境影响与古地震识别[J].地震地质,36(2):287-301.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.001.RAN Yong-kang,LI Yan-bao,DU Peng,et al.2014.Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China(3):Rupture characteristics,environment impact and paleoseismic indicators on normal faults[J].Seismology and Geology,36(2):287-301(in Chinese).
冉勇康,汪一鹏.1995.对活动断层分段性的初浅认识和建议[J].现代地壳运动研究,(6):216-224.RAN Yong-kang,WANG Yi-peng.1995.Preliminary understanding and suggestion of research on segmentation of active faults[J].Research on Recent Crustal Movement,(6):216-224(in Chinese).
任隽.2012.渭河盆地深部地壳结构探测与盆地构造研究[D].西安:长安大学.REN Jun.2012.Probe on the deep crustal structure in Weihe Basin and tectonics research of basin[D].Chang'an University,Xi'an(in Chinese).
宋治平,张国民,刘杰,等.2011.全球地震目录[Z].北京:地震出版社.SONG Zhi-ping,ZHANG Guo-min,LIU Jie,et al.2011.Global Earthquake Catalog[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
田勤俭,申旭辉,冯希杰,等.2003.渭河盆地断层活动反映的第四纪构造事件初步研究[J].地震地质,25(1):146-154.TIAN Qin-jian,SHEN Xu-hui,FENG Xi-jie,et al.2003.Primary study on Quaternary tectonic events based on variation of fault activity in Weihe Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,25(1):146-154(in Chinese).
王建强,刘池洋,高飞,等.2015.陕西渭河盆地前新生界地质特征及其油气意义[J].地质通报,34(10):1981-1991.WANG Jian-qiang,LIU Chi-yang,GAO Fei,et al.2015.Pre-Cenozoic geological characteristics and oil-gas significance in Weihe Basin,Shaanxi Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,34(10):1981-1991(in Chinese).
王景明.1984.渭河地堑断裂构造研究[J].地质论评,30(3):217-223.WANG Jing-ming.1984.A study on the tectonics of the Weihe river graben[J].Geological Review,30(3):217-223(in Chinese).
汪一鹏.1988.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社.WANG Yi-peng.1988.Active Fault System around Ordos Massif[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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(1)陕西省工程地震勘察研究院,2014,西安市域快速轨道交通临潼线(纺织城-临潼秦汉大道)工程场地地震安全性评价工作报告。
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