库尔勒市2015年两次冰雹天气成因及雷达回波特征对比分析
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摘要
利用常规探测资料、库尔勒多普勒天气雷达、风云2E静止卫星以及NCEP/NCAR提供的0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,对2015年发生在库尔勒市的两次冰雹天气从天气形势、环境背景及强对流云团结构等方面进行了成因分析,并重点对比了雷达回波特征。结果表明:4月17日冰雹天气为弱短波槽影响,系统浅薄,6月1日为低涡降雹,系统深厚。两次冰雹共性特征很多:在冰雹发生前,有强的垂直风切变,0℃层和-20℃层高度适宜且之间伴有浅薄的饱和湿层。通过塔里木盆地东南缘水汽的输送,云团在天山南麓及切变线附近合并降雹是这两次冰雹最突出的特征。雷达图中冰雹云发展中强回波中心值>55 dBz,配合有逆风区,存在明显的回波悬垂和弱回波区,强的垂直风切变是其发展和维持的主要原因。冰雹云形成于云顶亮温<-50℃的冷云盖东南边缘的云团合并处附近,并且主要沿中低层平均风方向移动。
By using conventional detection data,Doppler weather radar data,FY-2 E geostationary satellite and the 0.5°×0.5° reanalysis data provided by NCEP/NCAR,the comparison between two hail weather courses occurred in Korla City,Xinjiang,China in 2015 were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that it was a shallow system with short-wave trough on 17~(th) April 2015 while it was a deep system with vortex circulation on 1~(st) June 2015.Before the occurrence of the hail,there was strong vertical wind shear and the height from the 0 ℃ layer to the-20 ℃ layer was suitable to have a shallow saturated wet layer between them.Due to the humidifying by the rainfall in the southeastern part of the Tarim Basin,water vapor was transported to the area with the cyclonic flow field and raised in front of mountain.The strong convection was triggered by the shear line between the southeast wind and northeast wind over Korla City and Luntai County.From the satellite image,the rapid development of hail clouds near the shear line was also reflected.The hail appeared near the southeast edge of the cold cloud cover with a cloud top temperature less than-50 ℃,where the cloud clusters merged.The hail system mainly moved along the average wind direction in the middle and lower layers.Both the two hail processes,the echo intensity of the center exceeded 55 dBz and the upwind zone occurred along with the development of the hail.The strong echo broke through the-20 ℃ layer and there was a strong echo with the intensity more than 50 dBz between 0 and-20 ℃ layer.The intensity and the time of duration of the hail on 1~(st) June were much more than those on 17~(th) April,especially for the echo overhang and weak echo regions,which was directly related to the strong upwind with long duration.When the center of the strong echo dropped to the lower level and the flow field of the lower layer was divergent,the hail weather tended to end.Under favorable environmental conditions,it was the most prominent feature of the two hails that the water vapor was transported at the edge of the Tarim Basin and cloud clusters combination resulted in hail near the shear line.It could provide useful support for hail warning by comprehensive utilization of the high-resolution satellites,weather radar and automatic station data to monitor and judge the development,retainment,movement and extinction of the hail cloud.
By using conventional detection data,Doppler weather radar data,FY-2 E geostationary satellite and the 0.5°×0.5° reanalysis data provided by NCEP/NCAR,the comparison between two hail weather courses occurred in Korla City,Xinjiang,China in 2015 were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that it was a shallow system with short-wave trough on 17~(th) April 2015 while it was a deep system with vortex circulation on 1~(st) June 2015.Before the occurrence of the hail,there was strong vertical wind shear and the height from the 0 ℃ layer to the-20 ℃ layer was suitable to have a shallow saturated wet layer between them.Due to the humidifying by the rainfall in the southeastern part of the Tarim Basin,water vapor was transported to the area with the cyclonic flow field and raised in front of mountain.The strong convection was triggered by the shear line between the southeast wind and northeast wind over Korla City and Luntai County.From the satellite image,the rapid development of hail clouds near the shear line was also reflected.The hail appeared near the southeast edge of the cold cloud cover with a cloud top temperature less than-50 ℃,where the cloud clusters merged.The hail system mainly moved along the average wind direction in the middle and lower layers.Both the two hail processes,the echo intensity of the center exceeded 55 dBz and the upwind zone occurred along with the development of the hail.The strong echo broke through the-20 ℃ layer and there was a strong echo with the intensity more than 50 dBz between 0 and-20 ℃ layer.The intensity and the time of duration of the hail on 1~(st) June were much more than those on 17~(th) April,especially for the echo overhang and weak echo regions,which was directly related to the strong upwind with long duration.When the center of the strong echo dropped to the lower level and the flow field of the lower layer was divergent,the hail weather tended to end.Under favorable environmental conditions,it was the most prominent feature of the two hails that the water vapor was transported at the edge of the Tarim Basin and cloud clusters combination resulted in hail near the shear line.It could provide useful support for hail warning by comprehensive utilization of the high-resolution satellites,weather radar and automatic station data to monitor and judge the development,retainment,movement and extinction of the hail cloud.
引文
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[7]黄艳,裴江文,胡素琴,等.新疆喀什两次超级单体致雹风暴特征对比分析[J].气象科学,2013,33(6):693-700.[HUANGYan,PEI Jiangwen,Hu Suqin,et al.Comparative analysis on the features for two supercell hailstorms in Xinjiang Kashi[J].Journal of the Meteorological Science,2013,33(6):693-700.]
[8]孙莹,寿绍文,沈新勇,等.广西地区一次强冰雹过程形成机制分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(3):677-685.[SUN Ying,SHOU Shaowen,SHEN Xinyong,et al.Mechanism analysis of a severe hailstorm process in Guangxi[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008,27(3):667-685.]
[9]潘留杰,张宏芳,王楠,等.陕西一次强对流天气过程的中尺度及雷达观测分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):278-289.[PANLiujie,ZHANG Hongfang,WANG Nan,et al.Mesoscale and doppler radar observation analyses on a severe convective weather process in middle Shaanxi Province in September 2010[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(1):278-289.]
[10]蓝渝,郑永光,毛冬艳,等.华北区域冰雹天气分型及云系特征[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(5):538-549.[LAN Yu,ZHENG Yongguang,MAO Dongyan,et al.Classification and satellite nephogram features of hail weather in north China[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2014,25(5):538-549.]
[11]李圆圆,支竣,张超.2013年6月喀什地区一次强冰雹天气的成因分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(2):19-26.[LIYuanyuan,ZHI Jun,ZHANG Chao.Cause analysis of a strong hail weather in Kashi Area in June 2013[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2014,8(2):19-26.]
[12]张俊兰.南疆2011年5月一次强冰雹天气的综合分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1119-1126.[ZHANG Junlan.Comprehensive analysis of a severe hail event in May,2011 in Southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(4):1119-1126.]
[13]陈鲍发,魏鸣,柳守煜.逆风区的回波演变与强对流天气的结构分析[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(2):127-134[CHEN Baofa,WEI Ming,LIU Shouyu.The echo evolution of adverse wind area and the structure of the strong convection weather[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2008,27(2):127-134.]
[14]魏勇,雷微,王存亮,等.石河子地区三次冰雹天气过程的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(1):21-27.[WEI Yong,LEI Wei,WANG Cunliang,et al.Comprehensive analysis on three hailstone episodes at the Shihezi Area in Xinjiang[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2013,7(1):21-27.]
[15]李斌,苏晓岚,王志龙,等.南疆塔里木盆地西部一次强冰雹天气过程分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(4):790-795.[LI Bin,SU Xiaolan,WANG Zhilong,et al.Analysis on a severe hail weather occurred in western Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang[J].Arid Meteorology,2013,31(4):790-795.]
[16]陈英英,唐仁茂,李德俊.利用雷达和卫星资料对一次强对流天气过程的云结构特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(4):1148-1156.[CHEN Yingying,TANG Renmao,LI Dejun,et al.Analysis on cloud structure of a severe convective storm using radar and satellite data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(4):1148-1156.]
[17]张一平,俞小鼎,孙景兰,等.一次槽后型大暴雨伴冰雹的形成机制和雷达观测分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1093-1104.[ZHANG Yiping,YU Xiaoding,SUN Jinglan,et al.Formation mechanism and analysis of radar observation of a heavy rainstorm accompanied by hail that back of trough[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(4):1093-1104.]
[18]伍志方,庞古乾,贺汉青,等.2012年4月广东左移和飑线内超级单体的环境条件和结构对比分析[J].气象,2014,40(6):655-667.[WU Zhifang,PANG Guqian,HE Hanqin,et al.Comparative analysis of environmental conditions and structural features for the left-moving supercell and the supercell in squall line in April 2012 Guangdong[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(6):655-667.]
[19]付双喜,安林,康凤琴,等.VIL在识别冰雹云中的应用及估测误差分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(6):810-814.[FU Shuangxi,AN Lin,KANG Fengqin,et al.Application of VIL in identification of hailstorms and estimation error analysis[J].Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(6):810-814.]
[20]刁秀广,朱君鉴,黄秀韶,等.VIL和VIL密度在冰雹云判据中的应用[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1131-1139.[DIAO Xiuguang,ZHU Junjian,HUANG Xiushao,et al.Application of VILand VIL density in warning criteria for hailstorm[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008,27(5):1131-1139.]
[21]李海燕,巴哈古丽,储鸿,等.库尔勒地区两次强对流天气过程的形势和雷达回波对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(3):33-36.[LI Haiyan,Bahaguli,CHU Hong,et al.Comparative analysis on the two strong convection weather processes and radar echo in Kurle Area[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2007,1(3):33-36.]
[22]巴哈古丽,李海燕,热依汗古丽,等.新疆库尔勒-尉犁地区一次冰雹天气过程分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(6):47-50.[Bahaerguli,LI Haiyan,Reyihanguli,et al.Analyze a case of hailstorm happened Weili-Kuerle Region in Xinjiang[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2007,1(6):47-50.〗
[2]许新田,王楠,刘瑞芳,等.2006年陕西两次强对流冰雹天气过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(2):447-460.[XUNXintian,WANG Nan,LIU Ruifang,et al.Comparative analyses on two severe convective hailstorm weather processes in Shaanxi Province in 2006[J].Plateau Meteorology,2010,29(2):447-460.]
[3]刘晶晶,刘还珠,曹晓钟,等.天津“6.25”大冰雹过程的中尺度特征及成因[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(5):525-536.[LIUJingjing,LIU Huanzhu,CAO Xiaozhong,et al.The mesoscale characteristics and causes of a severe hail event in Tianjin[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2011,22(5):525-536.]
[4]汪应琼,李芳,姜玉印,等.湖北宜昌超级单体风暴发生的环境条件分析[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(1):53-61.[WANGYingqiong,LI Fang,JIANG Yuyin,et al.Analysis on environment conditions of supercell storms over Yichang,Hubei Province[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2013,32(1):53-61.]
[5]丁治英,王楠.两次飑线过程中短时强降水和冰雹强度差异及成因分析[J].气象科学,2015,35(1):83-92.[DING Zhiying,WANG Nan.Analysis on intensity difference and its causes of short-term heavy rainfall and hail in two squall line processes[J].Journal of the Meteorological Science,2015,35(1):83-92.]
[6]农孟松,赖珍权,梁俊聪,等.2012年早春广西高架雷暴冰雹天气过程分析[J].气象,2013,39(7):874-882.[NONG Mengsong,LAI Zhenquan,LIANG Juncong,et al.Analysis on elevated thunderstorm hail in Guangxi in early spring of 2012[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(7):874-882.]
[7]黄艳,裴江文,胡素琴,等.新疆喀什两次超级单体致雹风暴特征对比分析[J].气象科学,2013,33(6):693-700.[HUANGYan,PEI Jiangwen,Hu Suqin,et al.Comparative analysis on the features for two supercell hailstorms in Xinjiang Kashi[J].Journal of the Meteorological Science,2013,33(6):693-700.]
[8]孙莹,寿绍文,沈新勇,等.广西地区一次强冰雹过程形成机制分析[J].高原气象,2008,27(3):677-685.[SUN Ying,SHOU Shaowen,SHEN Xinyong,et al.Mechanism analysis of a severe hailstorm process in Guangxi[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008,27(3):667-685.]
[9]潘留杰,张宏芳,王楠,等.陕西一次强对流天气过程的中尺度及雷达观测分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):278-289.[PANLiujie,ZHANG Hongfang,WANG Nan,et al.Mesoscale and doppler radar observation analyses on a severe convective weather process in middle Shaanxi Province in September 2010[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(1):278-289.]
[10]蓝渝,郑永光,毛冬艳,等.华北区域冰雹天气分型及云系特征[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(5):538-549.[LAN Yu,ZHENG Yongguang,MAO Dongyan,et al.Classification and satellite nephogram features of hail weather in north China[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2014,25(5):538-549.]
[11]李圆圆,支竣,张超.2013年6月喀什地区一次强冰雹天气的成因分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(2):19-26.[LIYuanyuan,ZHI Jun,ZHANG Chao.Cause analysis of a strong hail weather in Kashi Area in June 2013[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2014,8(2):19-26.]
[12]张俊兰.南疆2011年5月一次强冰雹天气的综合分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1119-1126.[ZHANG Junlan.Comprehensive analysis of a severe hail event in May,2011 in Southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(4):1119-1126.]
[13]陈鲍发,魏鸣,柳守煜.逆风区的回波演变与强对流天气的结构分析[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(2):127-134[CHEN Baofa,WEI Ming,LIU Shouyu.The echo evolution of adverse wind area and the structure of the strong convection weather[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,2008,27(2):127-134.]
[14]魏勇,雷微,王存亮,等.石河子地区三次冰雹天气过程的综合分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(1):21-27.[WEI Yong,LEI Wei,WANG Cunliang,et al.Comprehensive analysis on three hailstone episodes at the Shihezi Area in Xinjiang[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2013,7(1):21-27.]
[15]李斌,苏晓岚,王志龙,等.南疆塔里木盆地西部一次强冰雹天气过程分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(4):790-795.[LI Bin,SU Xiaolan,WANG Zhilong,et al.Analysis on a severe hail weather occurred in western Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang[J].Arid Meteorology,2013,31(4):790-795.]
[16]陈英英,唐仁茂,李德俊.利用雷达和卫星资料对一次强对流天气过程的云结构特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(4):1148-1156.[CHEN Yingying,TANG Renmao,LI Dejun,et al.Analysis on cloud structure of a severe convective storm using radar and satellite data[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(4):1148-1156.]
[17]张一平,俞小鼎,孙景兰,等.一次槽后型大暴雨伴冰雹的形成机制和雷达观测分析[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1093-1104.[ZHANG Yiping,YU Xiaoding,SUN Jinglan,et al.Formation mechanism and analysis of radar observation of a heavy rainstorm accompanied by hail that back of trough[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(4):1093-1104.]
[18]伍志方,庞古乾,贺汉青,等.2012年4月广东左移和飑线内超级单体的环境条件和结构对比分析[J].气象,2014,40(6):655-667.[WU Zhifang,PANG Guqian,HE Hanqin,et al.Comparative analysis of environmental conditions and structural features for the left-moving supercell and the supercell in squall line in April 2012 Guangdong[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(6):655-667.]
[19]付双喜,安林,康凤琴,等.VIL在识别冰雹云中的应用及估测误差分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(6):810-814.[FU Shuangxi,AN Lin,KANG Fengqin,et al.Application of VIL in identification of hailstorms and estimation error analysis[J].Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(6):810-814.]
[20]刁秀广,朱君鉴,黄秀韶,等.VIL和VIL密度在冰雹云判据中的应用[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1131-1139.[DIAO Xiuguang,ZHU Junjian,HUANG Xiushao,et al.Application of VILand VIL density in warning criteria for hailstorm[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008,27(5):1131-1139.]
[21]李海燕,巴哈古丽,储鸿,等.库尔勒地区两次强对流天气过程的形势和雷达回波对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(3):33-36.[LI Haiyan,Bahaguli,CHU Hong,et al.Comparative analysis on the two strong convection weather processes and radar echo in Kurle Area[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2007,1(3):33-36.]
[22]巴哈古丽,李海燕,热依汗古丽,等.新疆库尔勒-尉犁地区一次冰雹天气过程分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(6):47-50.[Bahaerguli,LI Haiyan,Reyihanguli,et al.Analyze a case of hailstorm happened Weili-Kuerle Region in Xinjiang[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2007,1(6):47-50.〗
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