四川盆地东部上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组斑脱岩发育特征及地质意义
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摘要
基于重庆石柱漆辽上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组剖面,系统研究四川盆地东部斑脱岩发育特征,并分析其地质意义和科学价值。研究得到5点认识:①石柱漆辽剖面共发现6个斑脱岩密集段,主要赋存于凯迪阶、鲁丹阶和埃隆阶的6个笔石带,大部分斑脱岩密集段显示出黏土矿物明显增加、自然伽马曲线出现峰值响应、火山灰与有机碳含量关系不明显等典型特征;②龙马溪组斑脱岩密集段在川东及邻区广泛分布,自然伽马曲线普遍显示尖峰特征,可以成为川东—鄂西地区Coronograptus cyphus笔石带底界和鲁丹阶顶界划分的重要参考界面;③以斑脱岩密集段作为鲁丹阶和埃隆阶分层依据,以此确定鲁丹阶在川东坳陷区沉积厚度为10～40 m,但在宜昌上升区的腹部仅沉积Coronograptus cyphus笔石带上段,厚度仅为3～7 m;④在宜昌上升区的腹部,五峰组—鲁丹阶缺失至少5.5个笔石带,鲁丹阶沉积时间不足0.4 Ma;⑤斑脱岩密集段是奥陶纪-志留纪之交扬子海盆强烈挠曲的重要沉积响应,反映川东坳陷存在拗陷初期、拗陷中晚期、前陆挠曲初期和前陆挠曲发展期等4个构造活动期次,优质页岩主要发育于拗陷初期—拗陷中晚期。图9表3参21
Based on the Qiliao section of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation – Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shizhu,Chongqing city, the development of bentonite in eastern Sichuan Basin was examined systematically, and its geological significance and scientific value were analyzed. The main understandings are as follows:(1) Six bentonite dense layers were found in the Qiliao section,mainly occurring in 6 graptolitic belts of the Katian, Rhuddanian and Aeronian. Most of the bentonite dense layers showed obvious increase in clay, peak response of GR curve, and indistinct relationship between volcanic ash and total organic carbon(TOC).(2) The bentonite dense layers of Longmaxi Formation were widely distributed in eastern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, and generally showed GR peak, which can be an important reference interface for dividing the bottom boundary of the Coronograptus cyphus belt and the top boundary of the Rhuddanian in eastern Sichuan Basin and western Hubei province.(3) Taking the bentonite dense layers as the stratification basis of the Rhuddanian and Aeronian, it was determined that the sediment thickness of the Rhuddanian in the eastern Sichuan depression was generally 10–40 m, but only the upper part of the Coronograptus cyphus belt was deposited in the hinderland of Yichang Uplift, and the sedimentary thickness was only 3–7 m.(4) In the hinderland of the Yichang Uplift, at least five and a half graptolitic belts were missing in Wufeng Formation – Rhuddanian, and the deposition time of Rhuddanian was less than 0.4 Ma.(5) The bentonite dense layers were important sedimentary responses to the strong deflection of the Yangtze basin at the turn of the Ordovician–Silurian, which suggested that four tectonic activity periods existed in the eastern Sichuan depression, including the early stage of the depression, the middle-late stage of the depression, the early stage of the foreland flexure and the development stage of the foreland flexure. The high-quality shale was mainly developed from the early stage to the middle-late stage in the depression.
Based on the Qiliao section of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation – Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shizhu,Chongqing city, the development of bentonite in eastern Sichuan Basin was examined systematically, and its geological significance and scientific value were analyzed. The main understandings are as follows:(1) Six bentonite dense layers were found in the Qiliao section,mainly occurring in 6 graptolitic belts of the Katian, Rhuddanian and Aeronian. Most of the bentonite dense layers showed obvious increase in clay, peak response of GR curve, and indistinct relationship between volcanic ash and total organic carbon(TOC).(2) The bentonite dense layers of Longmaxi Formation were widely distributed in eastern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, and generally showed GR peak, which can be an important reference interface for dividing the bottom boundary of the Coronograptus cyphus belt and the top boundary of the Rhuddanian in eastern Sichuan Basin and western Hubei province.(3) Taking the bentonite dense layers as the stratification basis of the Rhuddanian and Aeronian, it was determined that the sediment thickness of the Rhuddanian in the eastern Sichuan depression was generally 10–40 m, but only the upper part of the Coronograptus cyphus belt was deposited in the hinderland of Yichang Uplift, and the sedimentary thickness was only 3–7 m.(4) In the hinderland of the Yichang Uplift, at least five and a half graptolitic belts were missing in Wufeng Formation – Rhuddanian, and the deposition time of Rhuddanian was less than 0.4 Ma.(5) The bentonite dense layers were important sedimentary responses to the strong deflection of the Yangtze basin at the turn of the Ordovician–Silurian, which suggested that four tectonic activity periods existed in the eastern Sichuan depression, including the early stage of the depression, the middle-late stage of the depression, the early stage of the foreland flexure and the development stage of the foreland flexure. The high-quality shale was mainly developed from the early stage to the middle-late stage in the depression.
引文
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[2]王玉满,李新景,董大忠,等.上扬子地区五峰组-龙马溪组优质页岩沉积主控因素[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4):9-20.WANG Yuman,LI Xinjing,DONG Dazhong,et al.Main factors controlling the sedimentation of high-quality shale in WufengLongmaxi Fm,Upper Yangtze region[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):9-20.
[3]王玉满,董大忠,李新景,等.四川盆地及其周缘下志留统龙马溪组层序与沉积特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):12-21.WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,LI Xinjing,et al.Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):12-21.
[4]王玉满,董大忠,黄金亮,等.四川盆地及周边上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段岩相特征及对页岩气选区意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(1):42-50.WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,HUANG Jinliang,et al.Guanyinqiao member lithofacies of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation around the Sichuan Basin and the significance to shale gas plays,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):42-50.
[5]王玉满,李新景,陈波,等.中上扬子地区埃隆阶最厚斑脱岩层分布特征及地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(1):42-54.WANG Yuman,LI Xinjing,CHEN Bo,et al.Distribution characteristics and geological significance of the thickest Aeronian bentonite bed in Middle-Upper Yangtze Region[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(1):42-54.
[6]樊隽轩,MELCHIN M J,陈旭,等.华南奥陶-志留系龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩的生物地层学[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(1):130-139.FAN Junxuan,MELCHIN M J,CHEN Xu,et al.Biostratigraphy and geography of the Ordovician-Silurian Lungmachi black shales in South China[J].SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,2011,54(12):1854-1863.
[7]戎嘉余,陈旭,王怿,等.奥陶-志留纪之交黔中古陆的变迁:证据与启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(10):1407-1415.RONG Jiayu,CHEN Xu,WANG Yi,et al.Expansion of the Cathaysian oldland through the Ordovician-Silurian transition:Emerging evidence and possible dynamics[J].SCIENCE CHINAEarth Sciences,2010,53(1):1-17.
[8]苏文博,李志明,ETTENSOHN F R,等.华南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示[J].地球科学,2007,32(6):819-827.SU Wenbo,LI Zhiming,ETTENSOHN F R,et al.Distribution of black shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations(OrdovicianSilurian),South China:Major controlling factors and implications[J].Journal of Earth Science,2007,32(6):819-827.
[9]苏文博,李志明,史晓颖,等.华南五峰组-龙马溪组与华北下马岭组的钾质斑脱岩及黑色岩系:两个地史转折期板块构造运动的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):82-95.SU Wenbo,LI Zhiming,SHI Xiaoying,et al.K-bentonites and black shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations(Early Paleozoic,South China)and Xiamaling Formation(Early Neoproterozoic,North China):Implications for tectonic processes during two important transitions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(6):82-95.
[10]苏文博,何龙清,王永标,等.华南奥陶-志留系五峰组及龙马溪组底部斑脱岩与高分辨综合地层[J].中国科学:地球科学,2002,32(3):207-219.SU Wenbo,HE Longqing,WANG Yongbiao,et al.K-bentonite beds and high-resolution integrated stratigraphy of the uppermost Ordovician Wufeng and the lowest Silurian Longmaxi Formations in South China[J].SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,2003,46(11):1121-1133.
[11]谢尚克,汪正江,王剑,等.湖南桃源郝坪奥陶系五峰组顶部斑脱岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2012,32(4):65-69.XIE Shangke,WANG Zhengjiang,WANG Jian,et al.LA-ICP-MSzircon U-Pb dating of the bentonites from the uppermost part of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation in the Haoping section Taoyuan,Hunan[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2012,32(4):65-69.
[12]胡艳华,周继彬,宋彪,等.中国湖北宜昌王家湾剖面奥陶系顶部斑脱岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年[J].中国科学:地球科学,2008,38(1):72-77.HU Yanhua,ZHOU Jibin,SONG Biao,et al.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the bentonites from the uppermost part of the Ordovician in the Wangjiawan section Yichang,Hubei,China[J].SCIENCECHINA Earth Sciences,2008,51(4):493-498.
[13]吴蓝宇,陆永潮,蒋恕,等.上扬子区奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组沉积期火山活动对页岩有机质富集程度的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(5):806-816.WU Lanyu,LU Yongchao,JIANG Shu,et al.Effects of volcanic activities in Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi period on organic-rich shale in the Upper Yangtze area,South China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(5):806-816.
[14]舒逸,陆永潮,刘占红,等.海相页岩中斑脱岩发育特征及对页岩储层品质的影响:以涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(12):1371-1381.SHU Yi,LU Yongchao,LlU Zhanhong,et al.Development characteristics of bentonite in marine shale and its effect on shale reservoir quality:A case study of Wufeng Formation to Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation,Fuling area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(12):1371-1381.
[15]李登华,李建忠,黄金亮,等.火山灰对页岩油气成藏的重要作用及其启示[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):56-65.LI Denghua,LI Jianzhong,HUANG Jinliang,et al.An important role of volcanic ash in the formation of shale plays and its inspiration[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(5):56-65.
[16]邱振,江增光,董大忠,等.巫溪地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩有机质沉积模式[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):1134-1142.QIU Zhen,JIANG Zengguang,DONG Dazhong,et al.Organic matter enrichment model of the shale in Wufeng-Longmachi Formation of Wuxi area[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):1134-1142.
[17]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):561-574.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong.China’s shale gas exploration and development:Understanding and practice[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):561-574.
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