纵向非一致激励下自由场土体的非线性地震反应研究
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摘要
土体地震反应分析对结构的地震反应和抗震安全性评价具有重要的意义,以大型振动台模型试验为手段,研究一致激励和非一致激励下自由场土体的非线性地震反应规律及其影响因素,能够为结构的地震破坏机制分析提供支撑。通过对场地土体的动力特性、加速度响应、剪应力-剪应变曲线以及土体沉降的分析,研究了不同地震动、不同地震强度作用下自由场土体的地震动反应特性及其变化规律。研究结果表明:土体的非线性发展程度不仅与地震动记录有关,还与地震动输入方式、加载等级有关;在大震或纵向非一致激励作用下,土体运动的不一致性导致了更强的土体结构性变化,频率降低,阻尼比增大,土体刚度弱化,土体的非线性发展相对较快;土体剪应力-剪应变曲线和沉降曲线的变化规律一定程度上也反映了土体的塑性发展情况。所得结论和自由场地震反应宏观现象一致,彼此佐证了结论的合理性。
Soil seismic response analysis is of great meaning to the seismic response and seismic safety evaluation of structures. In this study, the non-linear seismic response law of soil in free field under uniform and non-uniform excitation and its influencing factors are studied by means of large-scale shaking table model test, which can provide support for analyzing the seismic failure mechanism of structures. By analyzing the dynamic characteristics of soil, acceleration peak magnification coefficient, shear stress-shear strain curve and soil settlement, the ground motion response characteristics and variation of free-field soil under different earthquake motions and different seismic intensities are studied. The results show that the non-linear development degree of soil is not only related to the record of ground motion, but also to the input mode and loading level of ground motion. In the case of large earthquake or longitudinal non-uniform excitation, inconsistent movement of free-field soil leads to stronger soil structural change, decrease of frequency, increase of damping ratio, weakening of soil stiffness and relatively faster nonlinear development of soil. The variation law of soil shear stress-shear strain curve and settlement curve also reflected the plasticity development of soil. The conclusions obtained are consistent with the observed macroscopic phenomena of the free-field seismic response, which mutually corroborated the rationality of the results.
Soil seismic response analysis is of great meaning to the seismic response and seismic safety evaluation of structures. In this study, the non-linear seismic response law of soil in free field under uniform and non-uniform excitation and its influencing factors are studied by means of large-scale shaking table model test, which can provide support for analyzing the seismic failure mechanism of structures. By analyzing the dynamic characteristics of soil, acceleration peak magnification coefficient, shear stress-shear strain curve and soil settlement, the ground motion response characteristics and variation of free-field soil under different earthquake motions and different seismic intensities are studied. The results show that the non-linear development degree of soil is not only related to the record of ground motion, but also to the input mode and loading level of ground motion. In the case of large earthquake or longitudinal non-uniform excitation, inconsistent movement of free-field soil leads to stronger soil structural change, decrease of frequency, increase of damping ratio, weakening of soil stiffness and relatively faster nonlinear development of soil. The variation law of soil shear stress-shear strain curve and settlement curve also reflected the plasticity development of soil. The conclusions obtained are consistent with the observed macroscopic phenomena of the free-field seismic response, which mutually corroborated the rationality of the results.
引文
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[15]刘晶波,王艳.成层介质中平面内自由波场的一维化时域算法[J].工程力学,2007,24(7):16-22.LIU Jin-bo,WANG Yan.A 1D time-domain method for in-plane wave motion of free field in layered media[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(7):16-22.
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[20]吴祚菊,张建经,王志佳,等.地震动场地放大效应的时频特性分析[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):685-695.WU Zuo-ju,ZHANG Jian-jing,WANG Zhi-jia,et al.Time-frequency analysis on amplification of seismic ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):685-695.
[21]杜修力,韩俊艳,李立云.埋地管道振动台试验设计中相似关系的选取[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(3):246-252.DU Xiu-li,HAN Jun-yan,LI Li-yun.Selection of shaking table test similarity relations for long-distance buried pipeline[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(3):246-252.
[22]杜修力,韩俊艳,李立云,等.用于多台阵振动台试验实现地震动输入可控连续体模型箱.中国:ZL201320123152.1[P].2013.DU Xiu-li,HAN Jun-yan,LI Li-yun,et al.Application of multi array vibration table test to realize seismic input controlled continuum model box.China:ZL201320123152.1[P].2013.
[23]韩俊艳,杜修力,李立云.土工振动台试验连续体模型箱的适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(2):200-208.HAN Jun-yan,DU Xiu-li,LI Li-yun.Study on applicability of continuum model box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(2):200-208.
[24]楼梦麟,王文剑,朱彤,等.土-结构体系振动台模型试验中土层边界影响问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):30-36.LOU Meng-lin,WANG Wen-jian,ZHU Tong,et al.Soil lateral boundary effect in shaking table model test of soil-structure system[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):30-36.
[25]中国建筑科学研究院.GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.China Academy of Building Research.GB50011-2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.
[26]韩俊艳.埋地管道非一致激励地震反应分析方法与振动台试验研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2014.HAN Jun-yan.The analysis method and shaking table test of buried pipeline under non-uniform seismic excitation[D].Beijing:Beijng University of Technology,2014.
[27]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.WANG Ji,HU Xiao.The application of MATLAB in vibration signal processing[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press.2006.
[28]王永志,DANIEL W W,MOHAMMAD K,等.动力离心模型试验循环剪应力-剪应变反演方法对比[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(2):271-277.WANG Yong-zhi,DANIEL W W,MOHAMMAD K,et al.Evaluation of cyclic shear stress-strain using inverse analysis techniques in dynamic centrifuge tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(2):271-277.
[2]IDRISS I M,SEED H B.Seismic response of horizontal soil layers[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics&Foundations Division,1968,94(4):1003-1031.
[3]廖振鹏.地震小区划-理论与实践[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.LAO Zhen-peng.Earthquake community planning-theory and practice[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989.
[4]梁建文,于军港,张季,等.基于黏弹性边界的地下隧道非线性地震响应分析模型[J].地震工程学报,2014,36(3):434-440.LIANG Jian-wen,YU Jun-gang,ZHANG Ji,et al.Anonlinear seismic response analysis model for underground tunnels based on the viscous-spring boundary[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2014,36(3):434-440.
[5]李小军.非线性土层地震反应分析的一种方法[J].华南地震,1992,12(4):1-8.LI Xiao-jun.A method for analyzing seismic response of nonlinear soil layers[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1992,12(4):1-8.
[6]栾茂田,林皋.土料非线性滞回本构模型的半解析半离散构造方法[J].大连理工大学学报,1992,32(6):694-701.LUAN Mao-tian,LIN Gao.Semi-analytical and semi-discrete procedure for constructing nonlinear hysteretic constitutive model of soils[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,1992,32(6):694-701.
[7]栾茂田,林皋.场地地震反应一维非线性计算模型[J].工程力学,1992,9(1):94-103.LUAN Mao-tian,LIN Gao.Computational model for nonlinear analysis of soil site seismic response[J].Engineering Mechanics,1992,9(1):94-103.
[8]金星,孔戈,丁海平.水平成层场地地震反应非线性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(3):38-43.JIN Xin,KONG Ge,DING Hai-ping.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of horizontal layered site[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(3):38-43.
[9]杨繁,王敏,王国波,等.自由场地土体非线性地震响应研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(7):117-122.YANG Fan,WANG Min,WANG Guo-bo,et al.Research on nonlinear seismic responses of free-field soil[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(7):117-122.
[10]陈斌,张栋梁,张春进,等.宁波深厚软土动力特性研究及其地震响应分析[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(3):338-343.CHEN Bin,ZHANG Dong-liang,ZHANG Chun-jin,et al.A analysis of dynamic characteristics and seismic response of deep soft in Ningbo area[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(3):338-343.
[11]齐文浩,王振清,薄景山.土层非线性地震反应分析方法及其检验[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2010,31(4):444-450.QI Wen-hao,WANG Zhen-qing,BO Jin-shan.Development and verification of a method for analyzing the nonlinear seismic response of soil layers[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2010,31(4):444-450.
[12]杨笑梅,赖强林.二维土层地震反应分析的时域等效线性化解法[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):847-856.YANG Xiao-mei,LAI Qiang-lin.Time domain equivalent linearization solution for the seismic response analytic of two dimension soil sites[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):847-856.
[13]李瑞山.新一代土层地震反应分析方法研究[J].国际地震动态,2017,(7):41-42.LI Rui-shan.Research on a new generation technique for ground seismic response analysis[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,2017,(7):41-42.
[14]刘晶波,王艳.成层半空间出平面自由波场的一维化时域算法[J].力学学报,2006,38(2):219-225.LIU Jin-bo,WANG Yan.A 1-D time-domain method for2-D wave motion in elastic layered half-space by antiplane wave oblique incidence[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2006,38(2):219-225.
[15]刘晶波,王艳.成层介质中平面内自由波场的一维化时域算法[J].工程力学,2007,24(7):16-22.LIU Jin-bo,WANG Yan.A 1D time-domain method for in-plane wave motion of free field in layered media[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(7):16-22.
[16]ZHAO M,YIN H Q,DU X L,et al.1D finite element artificial boundary method for layered half space site response from obliquely incident earthquake[J].Earthquakes and Structures,2015,9(01):173-194.
[17]ZHAO M,GAO Z D,WANG L T,et al.Obliquely incident earthquake input for soil-structure interaction in layered half space[J].Earthquakes and Structures,2017,13(6):573-588.
[18]殷琳,楼梦麟,康帅.地下结构地震反应的振动台模型试验研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(10):1471-1479.YIN Lin,LOU Meng-lin,KANG Shuai.Analysis of shaking table test on underground structure[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2015,43(10):1471-1479.
[19]马洪生,庄卫林,范刚,等.水平成层场地地震响应及地层分界面动力特性研究[J].公路工程,2016,41(2):123-128.MA Hong-sheng,ZHUANG Wei-lin,FAN Gang,et al.Research on seismic response of horizontal layered site and seismic behavior of interface[J].Highway Engineering,2016,41(2):123-128.
[20]吴祚菊,张建经,王志佳,等.地震动场地放大效应的时频特性分析[J].岩土力学,2017,38(3):685-695.WU Zuo-ju,ZHANG Jian-jing,WANG Zhi-jia,et al.Time-frequency analysis on amplification of seismic ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(3):685-695.
[21]杜修力,韩俊艳,李立云.埋地管道振动台试验设计中相似关系的选取[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(3):246-252.DU Xiu-li,HAN Jun-yan,LI Li-yun.Selection of shaking table test similarity relations for long-distance buried pipeline[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(3):246-252.
[22]杜修力,韩俊艳,李立云,等.用于多台阵振动台试验实现地震动输入可控连续体模型箱.中国:ZL201320123152.1[P].2013.DU Xiu-li,HAN Jun-yan,LI Li-yun,et al.Application of multi array vibration table test to realize seismic input controlled continuum model box.China:ZL201320123152.1[P].2013.
[23]韩俊艳,杜修力,李立云.土工振动台试验连续体模型箱的适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(2):200-208.HAN Jun-yan,DU Xiu-li,LI Li-yun.Study on applicability of continuum model box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(2):200-208.
[24]楼梦麟,王文剑,朱彤,等.土-结构体系振动台模型试验中土层边界影响问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):30-36.LOU Meng-lin,WANG Wen-jian,ZHU Tong,et al.Soil lateral boundary effect in shaking table model test of soil-structure system[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):30-36.
[25]中国建筑科学研究院.GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.China Academy of Building Research.GB50011-2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.
[26]韩俊艳.埋地管道非一致激励地震反应分析方法与振动台试验研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2014.HAN Jun-yan.The analysis method and shaking table test of buried pipeline under non-uniform seismic excitation[D].Beijing:Beijng University of Technology,2014.
[27]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.WANG Ji,HU Xiao.The application of MATLAB in vibration signal processing[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press.2006.
[28]王永志,DANIEL W W,MOHAMMAD K,等.动力离心模型试验循环剪应力-剪应变反演方法对比[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(2):271-277.WANG Yong-zhi,DANIEL W W,MOHAMMAD K,et al.Evaluation of cyclic shear stress-strain using inverse analysis techniques in dynamic centrifuge tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(2):271-277.
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