吉林省降雪初终日时空变化特征
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摘要
利用吉林省1961—2015年逐日降水和天气现象资料,对降雪初、终日的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:吉林省降雪平均日期始于10月22日,止于次年4月18日。降雪初、终日存在空间差异,东部山区开始早结束晚,西部平原开始晚结束早。降雪初、终日的空间第一模态为全省一致的偏早(晚)型,初日第二空间模态为南北反向型,终日第二向量场为东西反向型。初日集中在10、11月,以10月中旬出现概率最大,终日集中在3—5月,以4月中旬出现概率最大。初日存在8 a强显著周期,终日存在5 a强显著周期。降雪初、终日与大气环流有直接关系,初日推迟年西太平洋副高面积偏小、偏北,提前年副高面积偏大、偏南;终日推迟年副高面积偏小、偏南,提前年副高面积偏大、偏北。降雪初、终日还与地理环境有关,降雪初日随海拔的降低呈推迟趋势,终日则随着纬度升高和海拔降低呈提前趋势。
The spatiotemporal changes of the beginning and ending dates of snowfall in Jilin Province were analyzed based on the data of daily precipitation and weather phenomena during the period of 1961-2015. The results showed that there were the spatial differences of the beginning and ending dates of the snowfall in Jilin Province,the beginning time of snowfall in the eastern mountainous area was early but the ending time was late,the ending time of snowfall in the western plain was early but the beginning time was late,the average snowfall dates began on October 22 and ended on April 18 next year. The first spatial pattern of beginning and the ending dates of snowfall was the early (late) pattern in the whole province. The second spatial pattern of beginning dates were the north-south reverse pattern,and the second spatial pattern of ending dates was the east-west reverse pattern. The beginning dates of snowfall occurred mainly in October and November,especially in mid-October,and the ending dates occurred mainly in April and May,especially in mid-April. There was a significant 8-year period of beginning dates of snowfall and a significant 5-year period of ending dates. There was a direct relationship between the beginning and ending dates of snowfall and the atmospheric circulation,the area of the West Pacific subtropical high was smaller and farther northward in the late years of the beginning dates but larger and farther southward in the early years. The area of the West Pacific subtropical high was smaller and farther southward in the late years of the ending dates of snowfall but larger and farther northward in the early years. The beginning and the ending dates of snowfall were also related to the geographical factors,they delayed with the decrease of altitude,while the ending dates became earlier with the increase of latitude and the decrease of altitude.
The spatiotemporal changes of the beginning and ending dates of snowfall in Jilin Province were analyzed based on the data of daily precipitation and weather phenomena during the period of 1961-2015. The results showed that there were the spatial differences of the beginning and ending dates of the snowfall in Jilin Province,the beginning time of snowfall in the eastern mountainous area was early but the ending time was late,the ending time of snowfall in the western plain was early but the beginning time was late,the average snowfall dates began on October 22 and ended on April 18 next year. The first spatial pattern of beginning and the ending dates of snowfall was the early (late) pattern in the whole province. The second spatial pattern of beginning dates were the north-south reverse pattern,and the second spatial pattern of ending dates was the east-west reverse pattern. The beginning dates of snowfall occurred mainly in October and November,especially in mid-October,and the ending dates occurred mainly in April and May,especially in mid-April. There was a significant 8-year period of beginning dates of snowfall and a significant 5-year period of ending dates. There was a direct relationship between the beginning and ending dates of snowfall and the atmospheric circulation,the area of the West Pacific subtropical high was smaller and farther northward in the late years of the beginning dates but larger and farther southward in the early years. The area of the West Pacific subtropical high was smaller and farther southward in the late years of the ending dates of snowfall but larger and farther northward in the early years. The beginning and the ending dates of snowfall were also related to the geographical factors,they delayed with the decrease of altitude,while the ending dates became earlier with the increase of latitude and the decrease of altitude.
引文
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[18]王颖,赵春雨,严晓瑜,等.1961-2007年辽宁省降雪量和降雪日数的气候变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):729-737.[Wang Ying,Zhao Chunyu,Yan Xiaoyu,et al.Changing characteristics of snowfall and snowfall days in Liaoning Province during1961-2007[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(4):729-737.]
[19]王丽娜,王囝囝,祝青林,等.1961-2013年大连地区降雪变化及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015(5):128-133.[Wang Lina,Wang Jianjian,Zhu Qinglin,et al.Characteristics of snowfall and its possible cause in Dalian from 1961 to 2013[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2015(5):128-133.]
[20]张黎红,尹远渊,祝青林,等.气候变暖背景下大连地区积雪变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):219-223.[Zhang Lihong,Yin Yuanyuan,Zhu Qinglin,et al.Variation of snow cover in Dalian under global climate warming[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(20):219-223.]
[21]孙钦宏,丑士连,李烨,等.吉林省中南部强降雪过程的雷达特征统计分析[J].气象灾害防御,2015,22(3):9-11.[Sun Qinhong,Chou Shilian,LI Ye,et al.Statistical analysis of radar characteristics of severe snowfall in Central and Southern Jilin Province[J].Journal of Weather Disaster Defense,2015,22(3):9-11.]
[22]苏丽欣,王美玉,李嵩.吉林省降雪期的气候特征机理研究[J].气象灾害防御,2014,21(4):6-9.[Su Lixin,Wang Meiyu,Li Song.Study on the climatic characteristics of the snowfall period in Jilin[J].Journal of Weather Disaster Defense,2014,21(4):6-9]
[23]王晓明,孙妍,云天,等.1961-2010年吉林不同类型暴雪天气气候特征[J].高原气象,2015,34(4):1 139-1 148.[Wang Xiaoming,Sun Yan,Yun Tian,et al.Climatological characteristics of different type heavy snowfall weather in Jilin during 1961-2010[J].Journal of Plateau Meteorology,2015,34(4):1 139-1 148.]
[24]傅帅,蒋勇,徐士琦,等.1960-2015年吉林省积雪初、终日期变化特征及其与气温和降水的关系[J].干旱气象,2017,35(4):567-574.[Fu Shuai,Jiang Yong,Xu Shiqi,et al.Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the onset and melting dates of snow cover and its relationship with air temperature and precipitation in Jilin Province during 1960-2015[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2017,35(4):567-574.]
[25]刘玉英,李宇凡,张婷,等.吉林省雾的气候特征及变化成因分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):1 060-1 066.[Liu Yuying,Li Yufan,Zhang Ting,et al.The climatic characteristics and causes of fog days in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,35(8):1 060-1 066.]
[26]李尚锋,孙钦宏,姚耀显,等.东北夏季极端低温天气事件的定义及其冷空气路径分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):249-256.[Li Shangfeng,Sun Qinhong,Yao Yaoxian,et al.Definition of extreme low-temperature events over Northeastern China in summer and the related cold air path[J].Journal of Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):249-256.]
[2]沈永平,苏宏超,王国亚,等.新疆冰川、积雪对气候变化的响应(Ⅰ):水文效应[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(3):513-527.[Shen Yongping,Su Hongchao,Wang Guoya,et al.The responses of glaciers and snow cover to climate change in Xinjiang(I):Hydrological effects[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(3):513-527.]
[3]徐兴奎,王小桃,周广庆.中国区域降雪量和降雪频率对沙尘天气的影响作用分析[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1 293-1 301.[Xu Xingkui,Wang Xiaotao,Zhou Guangqing.Impact of snowfall amount and snowfall frequency on sand-dust events in China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(5):1 293-1 301.]
[4]丁永红,冯建民,马筛艳,等.宁夏降雪日数的气候特征和环流结构[J].气象,2012,38(12):1 523-1 531.[Ding Yonghong,Feng Jianmin,Ma Shaiyan,et al.Climate characteristics of snowfall day numbers in Ningxia and structure of atmospheric circulation[J].Journal of Meteorological Monthly,2012,38(12):1 523-1 531.]
[5]李海花,刘大锋,李杨,等.近33 a新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其与气象因子的关系[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(5):29-35.[Li Haihua,Liu Dafeng,Li Yang,et al.Variation of snow in Altay Region in recent 33 years its relationship with meteorological factors[J].Journal of Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2015,9(5):29-35.]
[6]雷向杰,李亚丽,李茜,等.1962-2014年秦岭主峰太白山地区积雪变化特征及其成因分析[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1 201-1 210.[Lei Xiangjie,Li Yali,Li Qian,et al.The characteristics and causes of the snow cover variation in the Taibai Mountains during 1962-2014[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1 201-1 210.]
[7]张志富,希爽,刘娜,等.1961-2012年中国降雪时空变化特征分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1 765-1 773.[Zhang Zhifu,Xi Shuang,Liu Na,et al.Snowfall change characteristics in China from 1961 to 2012[J].Journal of Resources Science,2015,37(9):1 765-1 773.]
[8]段长春,段旭,段苏芩,等.近50年云南省降雪的气候变化特征[J].气象,2011,37(5):599-606.[Duan Changchun,Duan Xu,Duan Suqin,et al.Climate variational characteristics of snowfall in Yunnan Province for the last 50 years[J].Journal of Meteorological Monthly,2011,37(5):599-606.]
[9]肖王星,效存德,郭晓寅,等.北京-张家口地区冬春季积雪特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):584-595.[Xiao Wangxing,Xiao Cunde,Guo Xiaoyan,et al.Winter and spring snow cover features in Beijing-Zhangjiakou Region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):584-595.]
[10]孙秀忠,罗勇,张霞,等.近46年来我国降雪变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(6):1 594-1 601.[Sun Xiuzhong,Luo Yong,Zhang Xia,et al.Analysis on snowfall change characteristic of China in recent 46 years[J].Journal of Plateau Meteorology,2010,29(6):1 594-1 601.]
[11]刘玉莲,任国玉,于宏敏.中国降雪气候学特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(10):1 176-1 185.[Liu Yulian,Ren Guoyu,Yu Hongmin.Climatology of snow in China[J].Journal of Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(10):1 176-1 185.]
[12]刘玉莲,任国玉,于宏敏,等.我国强降雪气候特征及其变化[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(3):304-313.[Liu Yulian,Ren Guoyu,Yu Hongmin,et al.Climatic characteristics of intense snowfall in China with its variation[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2013,24(3):304-313.]
[13]朱小凡,张明军,王圣杰,等.1962-2012年青海省降雪初始终止日期和降雪日数时空变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):761-770.[Zhu Xiaofan,Zhang Mingjun,Wang Shengjie,et al.Spatiotemporal variation patterns of the beginning and ending dates of snowfall and snowfall days in Qinghai Province during1962 to 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(3):761-770]
[14]孙秀忠,孙照渤,罗勇.1960-2005年东北地区降雪变化特征研究[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(1):1-5.[Sun Xiuzhong,Sun Zhaobo,Luo Yong.Characteristics of snowfall from 1960 to2005 in Northeast China[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2010,26(1):1-5.]
[15]赵春雨,王冀,严晓瑜,等.东北地区冬季降雪的气候特征及其区划[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):29-35.[Zhao Chunyu,Wang Ji,Yan Xiaoyu,et al.Climatic characteristics and regionalization of winter snowfall in Northeast China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(5):29-35.]
[16]赵春雨,王颖,李栋梁,等.辽宁省冬半年降雪初终日的气候变化特征[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):755-762.[Zhao Chunyu,Wang Ying,Li Dongliang,et al.Climate change characteristic of the beginning and ending dates of snowfall in winter half year of Liaoning Province[J].Plateau Meteorology,2010,29(3):755-762.]
[17]周晓宇,赵春雨,崔妍,等.辽宁省不同等级降雪变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(4):720-732.[Zhou Xiaoyu,Zhao Chunyu,Cui Yan,et al.Variation characteristics of different levels of snow in Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(4):720-732.]
[18]王颖,赵春雨,严晓瑜,等.1961-2007年辽宁省降雪量和降雪日数的气候变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):729-737.[Wang Ying,Zhao Chunyu,Yan Xiaoyu,et al.Changing characteristics of snowfall and snowfall days in Liaoning Province during1961-2007[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(4):729-737.]
[19]王丽娜,王囝囝,祝青林,等.1961-2013年大连地区降雪变化及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015(5):128-133.[Wang Lina,Wang Jianjian,Zhu Qinglin,et al.Characteristics of snowfall and its possible cause in Dalian from 1961 to 2013[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2015(5):128-133.]
[20]张黎红,尹远渊,祝青林,等.气候变暖背景下大连地区积雪变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):219-223.[Zhang Lihong,Yin Yuanyuan,Zhu Qinglin,et al.Variation of snow cover in Dalian under global climate warming[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(20):219-223.]
[21]孙钦宏,丑士连,李烨,等.吉林省中南部强降雪过程的雷达特征统计分析[J].气象灾害防御,2015,22(3):9-11.[Sun Qinhong,Chou Shilian,LI Ye,et al.Statistical analysis of radar characteristics of severe snowfall in Central and Southern Jilin Province[J].Journal of Weather Disaster Defense,2015,22(3):9-11.]
[22]苏丽欣,王美玉,李嵩.吉林省降雪期的气候特征机理研究[J].气象灾害防御,2014,21(4):6-9.[Su Lixin,Wang Meiyu,Li Song.Study on the climatic characteristics of the snowfall period in Jilin[J].Journal of Weather Disaster Defense,2014,21(4):6-9]
[23]王晓明,孙妍,云天,等.1961-2010年吉林不同类型暴雪天气气候特征[J].高原气象,2015,34(4):1 139-1 148.[Wang Xiaoming,Sun Yan,Yun Tian,et al.Climatological characteristics of different type heavy snowfall weather in Jilin during 1961-2010[J].Journal of Plateau Meteorology,2015,34(4):1 139-1 148.]
[24]傅帅,蒋勇,徐士琦,等.1960-2015年吉林省积雪初、终日期变化特征及其与气温和降水的关系[J].干旱气象,2017,35(4):567-574.[Fu Shuai,Jiang Yong,Xu Shiqi,et al.Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the onset and melting dates of snow cover and its relationship with air temperature and precipitation in Jilin Province during 1960-2015[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2017,35(4):567-574.]
[25]刘玉英,李宇凡,张婷,等.吉林省雾的气候特征及变化成因分析[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):1 060-1 066.[Liu Yuying,Li Yufan,Zhang Ting,et al.The climatic characteristics and causes of fog days in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,35(8):1 060-1 066.]
[26]李尚锋,孙钦宏,姚耀显,等.东北夏季极端低温天气事件的定义及其冷空气路径分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):249-256.[Li Shangfeng,Sun Qinhong,Yao Yaoxian,et al.Definition of extreme low-temperature events over Northeastern China in summer and the related cold air path[J].Journal of Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):249-256.]
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