离散点云构建数字高程模型的插值方法研究
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摘要
针对消除DEM构建中插值方法选择的随意性问题,该文基于机载LiDAR离散点云数据,以广东省典型城区与山区为实验对象,利用克里金、反距离权重、径向基函数和自然邻域4种插值方法,对插值参数进行优选后构建DEM,使用交叉验证、相关性分析、像元统计量和三维可视化等方法进行精度分析与比较。结果表明:在城区反距离权重插值,不但可以对空值区域进行适当填充和平滑,而且对高程最大、最小值的预测精度也很高;不同插值方法在构建山区DEM时精度相差不大,插值精度可以达到厘米级,其中普通克里金插值效果最佳。对于城区与山区点云数据反距离权重插值法生成的DEM均能很好地反映地表自然形态,为今后LiDAR点云数据构建DEM选择最佳的插值算法以及插值参数提供参考。
In order to eliminate the arbitrariness of the interpolation method selection in DEM construction,this paper do with discrete airborne LiDAR data,the typical city and mountain area of Guangdong Province was used as the experimental subject,using four kinds of interpolation methods which is Kriging,inverse distance weight,radial basis function and natural neighborhood,the DEM is optimized after the interpolation parameters were selected,and the accuracy analysis and comparison were carried out by using cross-validation,correlation analysis,pixel statistics and three-dimensional visualization.The results showed that the inverse distance weight interpolation in urban area could not only properly fill and smooth the null value area,but also the prediction accuracy of the maximum and minimum elevations was also high;different interpolation methods had little difference in accuracy when constructing mountain DEM,and the interpolation accuracy could reach centimeter level among which the ordinary Kriging interpolation effect was the best one.The DEM generated by the inverse distance weight interpolation method for urban and mountain point cloud data that could reflect the natural form of the surface well,this paper could be used to guide the choice of appropriate interpolation algorithm and parameters for DEM generation based on point cloud data.
In order to eliminate the arbitrariness of the interpolation method selection in DEM construction,this paper do with discrete airborne LiDAR data,the typical city and mountain area of Guangdong Province was used as the experimental subject,using four kinds of interpolation methods which is Kriging,inverse distance weight,radial basis function and natural neighborhood,the DEM is optimized after the interpolation parameters were selected,and the accuracy analysis and comparison were carried out by using cross-validation,correlation analysis,pixel statistics and three-dimensional visualization.The results showed that the inverse distance weight interpolation in urban area could not only properly fill and smooth the null value area,but also the prediction accuracy of the maximum and minimum elevations was also high;different interpolation methods had little difference in accuracy when constructing mountain DEM,and the interpolation accuracy could reach centimeter level among which the ordinary Kriging interpolation effect was the best one.The DEM generated by the inverse distance weight interpolation method for urban and mountain point cloud data that could reflect the natural form of the surface well,this paper could be used to guide the choice of appropriate interpolation algorithm and parameters for DEM generation based on point cloud data.
引文
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[10]徐巍,孙志鹏,徐朋,等.基于LiDAR点云数据插值方法研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,9(3):365-370.(XUWei,SUN Zhipeng,XU Peng,et al.Interpolation method based on the point cloud data LiDAR[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2012,9(3):365-370.)
[11]张锦明,郭丽萍,张小丹.反距离加权插值算法中插值参数对DEM插值误差的影响[J].测绘科学技术学报,2012,29(1):51-56.(ZHANG Jinming,GUO Liping,ZHANGXiaodan.Effects of interpolation parameters in inverse distance weighted method on DEM accuracy[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2012,29(1):51-56.)
[12]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(TANG Guoan,YANG Xin.ArcGIS experimental course of spatial analysis of GIS[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.)
[13]顾春雷,杨漾,朱志春.几种建立DEM模型插值方法精度的交叉验证[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2011,34(5):99-102.(GU Chunlei,YANG Yang,ZHU Zhichun.Accuracy cross-validation of several interpolation methods of DEM[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2011,34(5):99-102)
[14]慕凯,罗明良,岳彦利,等.基于点云构建干热河谷典型冲沟DEM的参数优选:以析取克里格插值方法为例[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):126-131.(MU Kai,LUO Mingliang,YUE Yanli,et al.Parameter optimization of building DEM of typical gully in dry-hot valley based on point cloud:a case of disjunctive Kriging interpolation method[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(27):126-131.)
[15]贾蓉,刘春.基于机载LiDAR点云数据的复杂城市区域数字地面模型提取[J].遥感信息,2009(5):3-7.(JIA Rong,LIU Chun.Digital terrain model extraction in metropolis based on LiDAR point cloud data[J].Remote Sensing Information,2009(5):3-7.)
[16]段祝庚,肖化顺,袁伟湘.基于离散点云数据的森林冠层高度模型插值方法[J].林业科学,2016,52(9):86-94.(DUAN Zhugeng,XIAO Huashun,YUAN Weixiang.Comparison of interpolation methods of forest canopy height model using discrete point cloud data[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(9):86-94.)
[17]陈娟,罗明良,张斌,等.反距离加权插值参数变化对元谋冲沟DEM构建的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):29-34.(CHEN Juan,LUO Mingliang,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of interpolation parameters in inverse distance weighted method on DEM accuracy in dry-hot valleys of Yuanmo[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(1):29-34.)
[18]青亚兰,罗明良,张斌,等.径向基函数对干热河谷冲沟DEM构建的影响[J].测绘科学,2015,40(7):113-117.(QING Yalan,LUO Mingliang,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of interpolation parameters in Radial basis function on DEM accuracy in dry-hot valleys[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(7):113-117.
[19]SIBSON R.A brief description of natural neighbour interpolation[C]//Interpreting Multivariate Data.[S.l.]:Hans Publishers,1981:1-36.
[20]李春晓,丁黎,刘璐,等.基于机载LiDAR数据提取城区数字高程模型[J].测绘技术装备,2016,18(4):84-85.(LI Chunxiao,DING Li,LIU Lu,et al.Extraction of urban digital elevation model based on airborne LiDAR data[J].Geomatics Technology and Equipment,2016,18(4):84-85.)
[21]张锦明,游雄,万刚.DEM插值参数优选的试验研究[J].测绘学报,2014,43(2):178-185.(ZHANG Jinming,YOU Xiong,WAN Gang.Experimental research on optimization of DEM interpolation parameter[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(2):178-185.)
[2]兰玉芳,徐霞,胡英敏,等.高线内插DEM算法的质量评价[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(4):25-28.(LAN Yufang,XU Xia,HU Yingmin,et al.Quality assessment on different DEM interpolation algorithms based on contours[J].Geography and Geo-information Science,2012,28(4):25-28.)
[3]GARNERO G,GODONE D.Comparisons between different interpolation techniques[EB/OL].[2018-01-06].http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ISPAr.XL5c.139G.
[4]ARUN P V.A comparative analysis of different DEMinterpolation methods[J].Journal Geodesy and Cartography,2013,39(4):171-177.
[5]张笑,陈刚,段淼然,等.南方复合地貌区DEM内插算法的对比研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):106-112.(ZHANG Xiao,CHEN Gang,DUAN Miaoran,et al.Comparative study of different DEM interpolation algorithm in the southern complex geomorphologic[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(5):106-112.)
[6]HARDY R L.Multiquadric equations of topography and other irregular surfaces[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76(8):1905-1915.
[7]张靖.基于克里金算法的点云数据插值研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.(ZHANG Jing.Interpolation of point clouds data based on Kriging interpolation[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2014.)
[8]马剑.机载LiDAR数据插值方法研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.(MA Jian.Research on interpolation of airborne LiDAR[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2010.)
[9]赵争.地形复杂区域InSAR高精度DEM提取方法[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.(ZHAO Zheng.Method on high-accuracy DEM extraction from interferometric SAR in sophisticated terrain areas[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2014.
[10]徐巍,孙志鹏,徐朋,等.基于LiDAR点云数据插值方法研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,9(3):365-370.(XUWei,SUN Zhipeng,XU Peng,et al.Interpolation method based on the point cloud data LiDAR[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2012,9(3):365-370.)
[11]张锦明,郭丽萍,张小丹.反距离加权插值算法中插值参数对DEM插值误差的影响[J].测绘科学技术学报,2012,29(1):51-56.(ZHANG Jinming,GUO Liping,ZHANGXiaodan.Effects of interpolation parameters in inverse distance weighted method on DEM accuracy[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2012,29(1):51-56.)
[12]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(TANG Guoan,YANG Xin.ArcGIS experimental course of spatial analysis of GIS[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.)
[13]顾春雷,杨漾,朱志春.几种建立DEM模型插值方法精度的交叉验证[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2011,34(5):99-102.(GU Chunlei,YANG Yang,ZHU Zhichun.Accuracy cross-validation of several interpolation methods of DEM[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2011,34(5):99-102)
[14]慕凯,罗明良,岳彦利,等.基于点云构建干热河谷典型冲沟DEM的参数优选:以析取克里格插值方法为例[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):126-131.(MU Kai,LUO Mingliang,YUE Yanli,et al.Parameter optimization of building DEM of typical gully in dry-hot valley based on point cloud:a case of disjunctive Kriging interpolation method[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(27):126-131.)
[15]贾蓉,刘春.基于机载LiDAR点云数据的复杂城市区域数字地面模型提取[J].遥感信息,2009(5):3-7.(JIA Rong,LIU Chun.Digital terrain model extraction in metropolis based on LiDAR point cloud data[J].Remote Sensing Information,2009(5):3-7.)
[16]段祝庚,肖化顺,袁伟湘.基于离散点云数据的森林冠层高度模型插值方法[J].林业科学,2016,52(9):86-94.(DUAN Zhugeng,XIAO Huashun,YUAN Weixiang.Comparison of interpolation methods of forest canopy height model using discrete point cloud data[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(9):86-94.)
[17]陈娟,罗明良,张斌,等.反距离加权插值参数变化对元谋冲沟DEM构建的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):29-34.(CHEN Juan,LUO Mingliang,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of interpolation parameters in inverse distance weighted method on DEM accuracy in dry-hot valleys of Yuanmo[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(1):29-34.)
[18]青亚兰,罗明良,张斌,等.径向基函数对干热河谷冲沟DEM构建的影响[J].测绘科学,2015,40(7):113-117.(QING Yalan,LUO Mingliang,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of interpolation parameters in Radial basis function on DEM accuracy in dry-hot valleys[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2015,40(7):113-117.
[19]SIBSON R.A brief description of natural neighbour interpolation[C]//Interpreting Multivariate Data.[S.l.]:Hans Publishers,1981:1-36.
[20]李春晓,丁黎,刘璐,等.基于机载LiDAR数据提取城区数字高程模型[J].测绘技术装备,2016,18(4):84-85.(LI Chunxiao,DING Li,LIU Lu,et al.Extraction of urban digital elevation model based on airborne LiDAR data[J].Geomatics Technology and Equipment,2016,18(4):84-85.)
[21]张锦明,游雄,万刚.DEM插值参数优选的试验研究[J].测绘学报,2014,43(2):178-185.(ZHANG Jinming,YOU Xiong,WAN Gang.Experimental research on optimization of DEM interpolation parameter[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(2):178-185.)
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