环境因子对供水水库原生动物群落特征的影响
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摘要
为探究水库环境因子对原生动物群落特征的影响,2016年对浙江汤浦水库进行逐月全年采样,从上游库尾至下游坝前共设6个调查站位。结果表明,汤浦水库检出原生动物37种,隶属5纲、18科、22属;群落种类数呈现双峰型,夏季最高,秋季次之,春冬季相对较低;密度年均值为1 608个/L,呈现单峰型,高峰值出现在8月,食菌功能类群在夏季占比最高,夏秋季高于春冬季。水库纵向分布呈现种类数及密度均为上游高于中下游的特点,6月空间异质性处于最高水平。优势种分析表明,食菌功能类群的旋回侠盗虫(Strobilidium gyrans)、王氏似铃壳虫(Tintinnopsis wangi)、小筒壳虫(Tintinnidium pusillum)及膜袋虫(Cyclidium sp.)优势明显。典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)前置选择发现,30个环境因子中,总氮、水温、藻类细胞数、总硅和浊度是影响汤浦水库原生动物群落结构的重要环境因子。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,原生动物密度与藻类细胞数和水温呈显著正相关,而与总氮呈显著负相关。水库的3个雨季及6月泄洪阶段,是促使夏季原生动物高峰期出现的一个重要原因,营养状况差异是造成原生动物时空分布差异的主要原因。
Protozoa are zooplankton characterized by small size,simple structure and sensitivity to environment change.As an important indicator of nutrient pollution,protozoa are widely used for evaluating water quality in reservoirs.In 2016,we carried out a monthly investigation of the spatial-temporal distribution of the protozoan community structure and water quality parameters in Shaoyu Plain water supply reservoir-Tangpu Reservoir.The objectives were to study the effect of environmental factors on protozoan community structure,determine the trophic status of Tangpu Reservoir and provide a scientific basis for protecting water quality in Tangpu Reservoir.Six sampling sites were set,from the upper channel to the dam,and water and protozoan samples were collected mid-month for determination of physiochemical parameters and analysis of protozoan community structure.A total of 37 protozoan species were collected,belonging to 22 genera,18 families and 5 classes.The species richness of protozoa displayed a bimodal pattern,with the highest richness in summer(June-August)and then autumn(September-November).The annual average density was 1 608 ind/L,with a single peak in August.The proportion of the fungi-eating functional group was highest in summer,and much higher in summer and autumn than in spring(MarchMay)and winter(December-February).Spatially,species number and density in the upper reaches were higher than those in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir and spatial heterogeneity was highest in June.From the fungi-eating functional group,Strobilidium gyrans,Tintinnopsis wangi,Cyclidium sp.and Tintinnidium pusillum were the dominant species and were clearly advantaged within the community.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)indicated that total nitrogen,water temperature,algae cell number,total silicon and turbidity were the environmental factors most affecting protozoan community structure in Tangpu Reservoir.Protozoan density was positively correlated with algae cell number and water temperature,but negatively correlated with total nitrogen.Rainfall during the rainy season and flood discharge in June were the primary factors accounting for protozoan peak in summer.Difference in nutrient level was the main reason for differences in spatial and temporal distribution of protozoa community in Tangpu Reservoir.
Protozoa are zooplankton characterized by small size,simple structure and sensitivity to environment change.As an important indicator of nutrient pollution,protozoa are widely used for evaluating water quality in reservoirs.In 2016,we carried out a monthly investigation of the spatial-temporal distribution of the protozoan community structure and water quality parameters in Shaoyu Plain water supply reservoir-Tangpu Reservoir.The objectives were to study the effect of environmental factors on protozoan community structure,determine the trophic status of Tangpu Reservoir and provide a scientific basis for protecting water quality in Tangpu Reservoir.Six sampling sites were set,from the upper channel to the dam,and water and protozoan samples were collected mid-month for determination of physiochemical parameters and analysis of protozoan community structure.A total of 37 protozoan species were collected,belonging to 22 genera,18 families and 5 classes.The species richness of protozoa displayed a bimodal pattern,with the highest richness in summer(June-August)and then autumn(September-November).The annual average density was 1 608 ind/L,with a single peak in August.The proportion of the fungi-eating functional group was highest in summer,and much higher in summer and autumn than in spring(MarchMay)and winter(December-February).Spatially,species number and density in the upper reaches were higher than those in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir and spatial heterogeneity was highest in June.From the fungi-eating functional group,Strobilidium gyrans,Tintinnopsis wangi,Cyclidium sp.and Tintinnidium pusillum were the dominant species and were clearly advantaged within the community.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)indicated that total nitrogen,water temperature,algae cell number,total silicon and turbidity were the environmental factors most affecting protozoan community structure in Tangpu Reservoir.Protozoan density was positively correlated with algae cell number and water temperature,but negatively correlated with total nitrogen.Rainfall during the rainy season and flood discharge in June were the primary factors accounting for protozoan peak in summer.Difference in nutrient level was the main reason for differences in spatial and temporal distribution of protozoa community in Tangpu Reservoir.
引文
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马沛明,施练东,赵先富,等,2013.一种淡水水华硅藻-链状弯壳藻(Achnanthidium catenatum)[J].湖泊科学,25(1):156-162.
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吴利,周明辉,沈章军,等,2017.巢湖及其支流浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].动物学杂志,(5):792-811.
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陈丽光,林秋奇,韩博平,2013.茜坑水库轮虫群落结构组成和动态[J].水生态学杂志,34(6):27-33.
陈明秀,胡菊香,沈强,等,2014.汤浦水库浮游甲壳类动物群落结构特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,35(5):75-81.
陈廷,黄建荣,陈晟平,等,2004.广州市区人工湖泊PFU原生动物群落群集过程及其对水质差异的指示作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,10(3):310-314.
陈小娟,潘晓洁,邹曦,等,2013.三峡水库小江回水区水华爆发期原生动物群落的初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,34(6):1-6.
冯佳,郭宇宁,王飞,等,2016.太原汾河景区浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子关系分析[J].环境科学,37(4):1353-1361.
郭飞飞,张云,赵广,等,2016.金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,35(8):2208-2216.
郭凯,赵文,焉鸿启,2013.柴河水库浮游生物群落结构的时空格局及其渔产力研究[J].生态学杂志,34(6):22-26.
韩德举,彭建华,简东,等,1997.丹江口水库的饵料生物资源及水体营养状态评价[J].湖泊科学,9(1):57-62.
韩德举,吴生桂,邹清,等,1996.陆水水库的浮游生物及营养类型[J].湖泊科学,(4):351-358.
胡菊香,吴生桂,唐会元,等,2007.巢湖的原生动物及其对富营养化的响应[J].水生态学杂志,27(1):76-79.
江孝军,韩博平,林秋奇,2013.水库鱼类放养密度对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,34(1):30-36.
蒋燮治,沈韫芬,龚循矩,1983.西藏水生无脊椎动物[M].北京:科学出版社:121-139.
孔令惠,蔡庆华,徐耀阳,等,2010.丹江口水库浮游轮虫群落季节变动特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,22(6):941-949.
李莉娜,2009.北京市密云水库浮游动物群落生态研究[D].北京:首都师范大学.
林秋奇,韩博平,2001.水库生态系统特征研究及其在水库水质管理中的应用[J].生态学报,21(6):1034-1040.
刘丙阳,赵文,郭凯,等,2011.辽宁汤河水库浮游动物的群落结构及其时空格局[J].大连海洋大学学报,26(6):526-531.
吕光俊,2010.不同类型水库养殖生态学的比较与放养结构调整的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
马沛明,施练东,张俊芳,等,2016.浙江汤浦水库浮游植物季节演替及其影响因子分析[J].环境科学,37(12):4560-4569.
马沛明,施练东,赵先富,等,2013.一种淡水水华硅藻-链状弯壳藻(Achnanthidium catenatum)[J].湖泊科学,25(1):156-162.
马徐发,刘冬启,熊邦喜,等,2005.道观河水库周丛原生动物群落结构的研究[J].水生态学杂志,25(5):61-64.
沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,1990.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社:161-176.
石雯倩,2014.汤浦水库流域水质变化及污染物总量控制模拟[D].杭州:浙江大学.
孙志强,施心路,徐琳琳,等,2013.景观湿地夏季原生动物群落结构与水质关系[J].水生生物学报,37(2):290-299.
王晓辉,望甜,林秋奇,等,2009.华南地区典型抽水型水库后生浮游动物群落的种类组成与结构[J].生态学报,29(1):456-465.
望甜,2010.捕食与竞争-流溪河水库浮游动物群落的种间关系研究[D].广州:暨南大学.
吴利,周明辉,沈章军,等,2017.巢湖及其支流浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].动物学杂志,(5):792-811.
吴明姝,2015.安徽省太平湖水库浮游动物群落结构及水质评价[D].上海:上海师范大学.
吴生桂,沈韫芬,2001.从时空异质性看东湖富营养化中原生动物的演替[J].生态学报,21(3):446-451.
徐润林,沈韫芬,顾曼如,1991.武汉东湖浮游原生动物的生产量[C].第四次中国海洋与湖沼科学会议论文集[M].北京:科学出版社:287-301.
许木启,曹宏,2004.PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用[J].生态学报,24(7):1540-1547.
许木启,翟家骥,1998.利用PFU原生动物群落多样性快速监测北京通惠河水质[J].动物学杂志,(4):1-7.
许木启,朱江,曹宏,2001.白洋淀原生动物群落多样性变化与水质关系研究[J].生态学报,21(7):1114-1120.
杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等,2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].水生生物学报,38(4):720-728.
杨小林,2008.株树桥水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质生物学评价[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学.
张家卫,2016.大伙房水库水生生物多样性及其鱼产力研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学.
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