变电站地震可恢复性研究
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摘要
提出变电站地震可恢复性等级划分方法,设立评价变电站地震可恢复性的量化指标——可恢复性指数,给出基于建筑物和高压电气设备的权重系数与震害指数的变电站可恢复性指数计算公式,确定可恢复性指数与可恢复性等级对应关系,通过变电站实际震害与恢复样本研究建立变电站可恢复性矩阵。研究结果表明:随着可恢复性指数降低,变电站可恢复性越来越差,当可恢复性指数低于0.45时,变电站达到极难恢复的阈值;变电站所处的地震烈度越高时,变电站可恢复性就越低,恢复时间也越长。在9度区,变电站可恢复性指数开始快速降低,多数变电站为可恢复和难恢复,烈度为10度及以上地区,变电站极难恢复。
In this study, a grading method of the seismic resilience of substations is presented. The quantitative indicator "resilience index" is proposed to evaluate the seismic resilience of substations. A formula for computing the resilience index based on seismic intensity and the weighting coefficients of buildings and high-voltage electrical equipment is also proposed. The corresponding relationship between the resilience index and resilience grades is determined. The substation resilience matrix is also established through the study of actual seismic damage and recovery samples. The result shows that the seismic resilience of substation becomes weaker as the resilience index decreases. Once the index drops to less than 0.45, the substation would reach a threshold beyond recoverability. Generally, the higher the seismic intensity is, the weaker the substation resilience will be, and a longer restoration time will be needed. Most of the substations are conditionally restorable and hard to be restored in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity, and will be almost unrestorable in the area of 10-degree seismic intensity.
In this study, a grading method of the seismic resilience of substations is presented. The quantitative indicator "resilience index" is proposed to evaluate the seismic resilience of substations. A formula for computing the resilience index based on seismic intensity and the weighting coefficients of buildings and high-voltage electrical equipment is also proposed. The corresponding relationship between the resilience index and resilience grades is determined. The substation resilience matrix is also established through the study of actual seismic damage and recovery samples. The result shows that the seismic resilience of substation becomes weaker as the resilience index decreases. Once the index drops to less than 0.45, the substation would reach a threshold beyond recoverability. Generally, the higher the seismic intensity is, the weaker the substation resilience will be, and a longer restoration time will be needed. Most of the substations are conditionally restorable and hard to be restored in the area of 9-degree seismic intensity, and will be almost unrestorable in the area of 10-degree seismic intensity.
引文
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[2] HOLLING S.Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4(1):1-23.
[3] Timmerman P.Vulnerability,Resilience and the Collapse of Socieiy:A Review of Models and Possible Climatic Applications[M].Toronto,Canada:Institute for Environment Studies,University of Toronto,1981.
[4] BRUNEAU M,REINHORN A.Seismic Resilience of Communities-conceptualiztion and Operationalization[C]//Proceedings of Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes.Bled,2004:No.12.
[5] BRUNEAU M.Enhancing the Resilience of Communities Against Extreme Events from an Earthquake Engineering Perspective[J].Journal of Security Education,2006,1(4):159-167.DOI:10.1300/j460v01n04_14.
[6] THORNLEY L,BALL J,SIGNAL L.Building Community Resilience:Learning from the Canterbury Earthquakes[R].Final Report to Health Research Council and Canterbury Medical Research Foundation,2013.
[7] ELMS D.Improving Community Resilience to Natural Events[J].Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems,2015,32(1-2):77-89.
[8] 郭小东,苏经宇,王志涛.韧性理论视角下的城市安全减灾[J].上海城市规划,2016,26(01):41-44.GUO Xiaodong,SU Jingyu,WANG Zhitao.Urban Safety and Disaster Prevention under the Perspective of Resilience Theory[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2016,26(01):41-44.
[9] 祁淳.教学建筑地震可恢复性评价方法研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2016.QI Chun.Research on theEvaluation Method of Earthquake Resilience of Teaching Building[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2016.
[10] ?ANAN Z,DAVIDSON R A,GUIKEMA.Post-earthquake Restoration Planning for Los Angeles Electric Power[J].Earthquake Spectra,2006,22(3):589-608.
[11] 刘如山,张美晶,邬玉斌.汶川地震四川电网震害及功能失效研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(增刊1):200-211.LIU Rushan,ZHANG Meijing,WU Yubin.Damege and Failure Study of Sichuan Electric Power Grid in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(Supp1):200-211.
[12] 王丽华,王志涛,郭小东.电力系统地震灾害及防救规划对策[J].山西建筑,2017,43(4):45-46.WANG Lihua,WANG Zhitao,GUO Xiaodong.The Power System Earthquake Disaster and Prevention Planning Countermeasures[J].Shanxi Architecture,2017,43(4):45-46.
[13] 于文,葛学礼,朱立新.电力系统震害分析和抗震防灾对策[J].工业建筑,2016,46(6):12-15YU Wen,GEXueli,ZHU Lixin.Seismic Disaster Analysis and Disaster Prevention Countermeasures of Electric Power System[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(6):12-15.
[14] 生命线工程地震破坏等级划分:GB/T 24336-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Classification of Earthquake Damage to Lifeline Engineering:GB/T 24336-2009[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.
[15] 熊明攀.基于不同地震动参数的变电站高压电气设备易损性研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2016.XIONG Mingpan.Research on the Vulnerability of High Voltage Electrical Equipment Based on Different Ground Motion Parameters[D].Haerbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,,2016.
[16] 陈传新,刘彦辉,贺瑞,等.考虑液-固耦合的大型超高压换流变压器地震响应研究[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(3):397-403.CHEN Chuanxin,LIU Yanhui,HE Rui,et al.Study on the Seismic Response Study of a Converter Ttransformer Considering Oil-soild Interaction[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(3):397-403.
[17] 张中近,刘如山,姜立新.基于损失统计的变电站地震经济损失评估方法[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(4):93-100.ZHANG Zhongjin,LIU Rushan,JIANG Lixin.Assessment Method of Seismic Economic Loss in Substation Based on Loss Stastcs[J].Journal of Natural Disaster,2016,25(4):93-100.
[18] 薄景山,张建毅,孙平善,等.震害指数及有关问题的讨论[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(6):37-42.BO Jingshan,ZHANG Jianyi,SUN Pingshan,et al.Discussion on Seismic Damage Index and Relevant Problems[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(6):37-42.
[19] 地震现场工作第4部分:灾害直接损失评估:GB/T 18208.4-2011[S].北京:地震出版社,2011.Post-earthquakefield works-Part 4:Assessment of direct loss:GB/T 18208.4-2011[S].Beijing:Seismological Press,2011.
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